La videografía de la cantante estadounidenseMadonna consiste en sesenta y seis videos musicales,ocho álbuemes en vivo,cuatro álbumes recopilatorios,cuatro videos musicales de sencillos y dos documentales. En 1982 Madonna firmó un contrato discográfico con Sire Records, compañía de Warner Bros. Records, luego del éxito de sus dos primeros sencillos, "Everybody" y "Burning Up", para grabar un álbum en 1983.[1] El primer video musical de Madonna fue el del sencillo "Everybody", para el cual [la discográfica] Sire Records diseñó un video casero de bajo presupuesto.[2] Su primer video musical en recibir atención en los MTV fue Borderline seguido de Lucky Star.[3] En 1984 Madonna lanzó su segundo álbum de estudio Like a Virgin,el cual su primer sencillo tenía el mismo nombre del álbum. El video muestra a Madonna circulando por las calles de Venecia y acostada con un vestido de novia blanco.[4] En el mismo año publicó su siguiente sencillo Material Girl.[5] El tercer álbum de estudio de Madonna True Blue fue lanzado en 1986. El primer sencillo del álbum Live To Tell hizo una nueva imagen para Madonna.[6] Con el video de True Blue,el impacto de Madonna en MTV y en la música popular se celebró en un concurso titulado Making My Video,donde se creó el video musical para el sencillo".[7] "La isla bonita" y "Who's That Girl", ambas publicadas en 1987, muestran la fascinación de Madonna con la cultura hispana y los simbolos religiosos.[8] En 1989 Madonna firmó un contrato de 5 millones de dólares con Pepsi para que su canción Like a Prayer fuera usada en uno de sus anuncios comerciales. Madonna quería usar el comercial de su canción para el estreno de su álbum homónimo. Cuando fue lanzado el video musical de la canción recibió fuertes críticas por los grupos religiosos y medios de comunicación. El video muestra a Madonna bailando y cantando frente a cruzes en llamas,recibiendo un estigma,besando a un santo negro en los pies y tener relaciones sexuales con él en el altar de una iglesia.[9] Sus otros notables vídeos lanzados ese año fueron "Express Yourself " y "Cherish", donde se los crítica por sus temas positivos del feminismo.[10] En 1990 Madonna lanzó la canción Vogue que muestra el baile de la subcultura gay llamada "voguing", así como el aspecto glamoroso de las estrellas de Hollywood. Ese mismo año publicó el sencillo Justify My Love.[11] el cual se trata de Madonna en un sueño erótico. Además contenia escenas de sadomasoquismo, el voyeurismo y la bisexualidad. MTV consideró el video era inapropiado y por eso fue censurado.[12] En 1992 Madonna lanzó su quinto álbum de estudio Erotica. El primer sencillo se titulaba igual que el álbum representando a Madonna como una domadora enmascarada.[13] El video de Deeper and Deeper representa a Madonna como Andy Warhol protege a Edie Sedgwick.[14] En 1994 ella lanzó Secret,primer sencillo de su sexto álbum de estudio Bedtime Stories. El video musical muestra escenas de reencarnación, travestismo y condenación, mientras se intercalan escenas de Madonna caminando por una calle a su casa.[15] Bedtime Story,sencillo homónimo del álbum, mostró secuencias de un sueño, inspirada en las obras de Frida Kahlo y Remedios Varo, también se agregaron imágenes surrealistas de la nueva era.[16] En 1998 Madonna lanzó su séptimo álbum de estudio Ray of Light. El viedo musical del primer sencillo del álbum,Frozen,hizo una nueva imagen de Madonna por la incorporación de influencias indígenas.[17] The video for the title single was a high-speed one, portraying people going through their daily lives, with images of Madonna in black denim dancing to the music.[18] Her fascination and incorporation of Asian culture continued with the video of "Nothing Really Matters" (1999) where she appeared as a geisha.[19]
In 2000 Madonna released her eighth studio album, Music. The title single featured her in the role of a pimp while changing her image to that of a glamorous cowgirl.[20] The video for the last single, "What It Feels Like for a Girl", portrayed Madonna going around the city in a car, accompanied by an old woman, and vandalising as well as committing crimes.[21] This fascination for violence continued with the music videos of "Die Another Day" (2002) and "American Life" (2003), the lead single from her ninth studio album of the same name.[22] The video for the latter, shot pre-Iraq war of 2003, portrayed a military-chic fashion show.[23] Madonna's tenth studio album, Confessions on a Dance Floor, was released in 2005. The video for the lead single, "Hung Up", was a tribute to John Travolta and his movies.[24] Her eleventh studio album, Hard Candy, was released in 2008; its lead single, "4 Minutes", portrayed her as a superhero, tackling physical obstacles.[25] Her most recent music video for the song "Celebration" was critiqued as a return to her dance roots.[26]
Madonna has worked with many successful directors and produced music videos that are considered by some as works of art. Her videos have depicted controversial subjects such as teen pregnancy, racism, religion, sex, and violence. In their book, The Madonna Companion: Two Decades of Commentary, authors Allen Metz and Carol Benson stated that more than any other recent pop star, Madonna has used MTV and music videos to establish her popularity and to enhance her recorded work. According to them:
"It's hard to imagine discussing many of her songs without discussing any of the related videos. Most of the controversy surrounding her most-discussed songs, notably "Like a Prayer", has to do with the video images created to promote the song, rather than the song itself. In fact, many of her seem more significant than they are because of the impact of the accompanying videos."[27]
Madonna ranked number-one on VH1's "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era" show list.[28]
The video portrays Madonna, in a white dress, writhing on a road, singing the song about her lover. The boy drives a car, presumably to run her over.[30]
The video portrays Madonna as a Hispanic girl dancing on the streets. She leaves her boyfriend to be with a photographer but ultimately rejects him and comes back to her boyfriend.[32]
En el video, Madonna roamed around the streets of Venice and through marble-pillared rooms wearing a white wedding dress; this clip was interspersed by images of a lion and a man wearing a lion mask. It faced negative reaction from family organizations and social workers, who complained that it promoted sex outside marriage and undermined family values, offering an unsavory image of Madonna as a whore.[33]
Pictured as a video-within-a-video, Madonna sang the song dressed up in a pink sleeveless gown, flanked by boys in black coats. The video imitated Marilyn Monroe's version of "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. The video and the song together culminated in Madonna's nickname as "material girl" in mainstream media.[34]
The video portrays Madonna with a new pale and subtle look, her shoulder-length hair was wavy and golden blond. She got rid of her junk jewellery and adopted a pale make-up look with shoulder-length golden locks. The look was again inspired by Monroe.[37] Footage from the movie At Close Range were interspersed, with Madonna appearing to speak for the character.[38]
En este video, Madonna adopted the gamine look portrayed by Shirley MacLaine and Audrey Hepburn during the 1950s.[39] She portrays a tomboy who wants to tell her father about her pregnancy. Interspersed with scenes of a sexier Madonna with a toned body, wearing a black bustier.[40]
La versión americana de MTV's Make My Video Contest was directed by Ángel Gracia and Cliff Guest, where Madonna does not appear. The international release directed by Foley portrays Madonna and her friends in an all-blue diner.[41]
The video paid homage to actresses Liza Minnelli and Marlene Dietrich. Madonna played an exotic dancer in a peep-show club who befriends a little boy and escapes from there. The video was negatively criticised, because it portrays the entry of a child in a strip club.[42][43]
Madonna played a woman living en un barrio español. Ella retrata dos personajes: a boyishly-dressed Catholic woman and a colorful Flamenco dancer. El video retrata la fasinación de Madonna con la cultura hispana y la inclusión de simbolos religiosos.[44]
The video portrays Madonna to be a witness of an interracial murder and goes to pray in a church. Various scenes like Madonna kissing a black saint, receiving stigmata, scantily dressed and dancing in front of burning crosses are shown. In the end, she helps to free the man who was falsely accused of murder.[47] Religious groups protested that the video was a blasphemous use of Christian imagery. The Pope banned Madonna from appearing in Italy and urged a national boycott of Pepsi. The latter withdrew their contract with Madonna while letting her keep the $5 million.[9]
Inspired by the film Metropolis, the video portrays Madonna as the leader of a company, and later as a glamorous lady and chained masochist. Muscular men act as her workers. In the end, Madonna picked one of them to be her date.[48] The music video for "Express Yourself" was the most expensive video at the time of its release with production cost of $5 million.[49]
A black-and-white video portraying the death scene of a young mother and the tempestuous relationship that ensues between the husband and the daughter. Years later Madonna, as the grown-up daughter, reconciles with the father at the woman's grave.[52]
Black-and-white video recreating the glamorous look of old Hollywood with men in suits and Madonna dressed in gowns.[53] It also displayed the dance form called vogue.[11] The video was praised for making the sex and gender roles ambiguous in its portrayal of people, and for bringing an underground culture in the mainstream limelight.[54]
Black-and-white video portraying Madonna coming to a hotel room to satisfy her sexual fantasy. Scenes of sadomasochism, voyeurism and bisexuality are also portrayed.[12] Critics were polarized over the video's content with some of them applauding Madonna's boldness while others took the brazenness of the video negatively. Madonna llamó al vídeo "una celebración de sexo".[12] She released the video as a video single and it went on to become the best-selling music video single of all time, earning a four-times platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America.[55]
The video is a walkthrough of memories. While Madonna melancholically sings about the old days, the viewer flips through a photo album which feature moving images of a singing Madonna as well as images from the movie A League of Their Own.[56]
Madonna is portrayed as a masked dominatrix with a golden tooth and a whip. Montages of sexual imagery are shown that were shot during the photography of Madonna's Sex book. It was a montage of sexually charged images, designed to shock the audience. MTV put the video into heavy rotaion, but only after midnight.[13]
Madonna portrays WarholprotégéEdie Sedgwick. She goes to a disco and looks for something which ends with a man releasing the balloons she was carrying. Interspersed with scenes of Madonna being photographed and she and her friends watching a man dancing in underwear.[14]
The video opens and closes with shots of a murdered Madonna, who, having lived a life of promiscuous sex, presumably joins her dead lover and guardian angel, portrayed by actor Christopher Walken.[57]
The video portrays Madonna as a Balinese idol with red hair and another shot of her being silver painted. Interspersed with scenes of a man in thongs, his body painted gold.[58]
The video portrays Madonna with short cropped, black hair, recording the song in a studio. Inspirada con escenas de Madonna besando un hombre behind a glass on which water falls.[59] Critical appreciation came for the music video, whose technical brilliance was awarded at the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards.[60]
Madonna singing the song in a recording studio, while being supervised by herself in an androgynous look. Interspersed with clips from the movie With Honors.[63]
Black-and-white video featuring Madonna as a blues singer singing in a club. Escenas de rebirth, transvestites and damnation are interspersed with Madonna walking down a street to her home.[15]
Madonna portrays the mistress of a Spanish bullfighter. Their affair ends after Madonna is being abused by the fighter. Religious imagery forms the backbone of the video.[64]
A surreal dream sequence arising from some sort of controlled experiment on a prostrate Madonna, lying in a blue spaceship-like room.[65] The production cost of the video was $5 million, making it one of the costliest videos.[66] The video was honored as a permanent collection in New York's Museum of Modern Art in 1996.[67]
The single release was cancelled but the music video was still released. The black-and-white video portrays Madonna waiting for her lover's telephone call.[68]
Sequela del video musical de "Take a Bow". Madonna leaves the bullfighter but he still chases her around the world. Ultimately she sets herself free from him.[65]
An all-blue video shot in the middle of Mojave Desert. Dressed in black clothing from head to foot, her long hair colored black and straight and mehndi on her hands, Madonna portrays a mystical creature and a witchy persona who sometimes turns into a dog, sometimes into a bird and sometimes levitates from the ground.[70]
A high-speed video, showing ordinary people doing their daily routines. In between Madonna, dressed in casual jeans and flowing golden hair, dances to the song, ultimately falling asleep on a dance floor. It won the Video of the Year award at the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards.[18][64]
Madonna and her lover play chess, and Madonna wins. After her lover reprimands her, Madonna goes out to the beach and starts walking along the shore, where she possibly commits suicide.[71]
Shot for the movie Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999), the video features Madonna dancing in a club and actor Mike Myers as Austin Power trying to seduce her; his plan ultimately backfiring.[72]
Madonna sings the song in front of a giant Flag of the United States. Interspersed with scenes which are characteristic of the American life. Actor Rupert Everett makes an appearance.[73]
Madonna and her friends board a limousine which takes them to a strip-club and disco. The strippers are brought over in the limousine by Madonna and her friends. An animated section is present where Madonna fights with some goons.[74]
The video shows Madonna walking on a conveyor belt in front of a video screen where cowboys are shown dancing. They join Madonna in front of the screen near the end of the video.[75]
Madonna picks up an old woman from an old-age home and speeds down the streets with her in a car. While driving she commits a number of crimes, including theft, destruction of property and murder. The video was banned in the United States for being too violent.[21]
Features a heavily-beat-up Madonna being brought to be executed in a gas chamber. Interspersed with scenes of a white-dressed and black-dressed Madonna sword fighting. In the end Madonna escapes from the execution.[76] The former's video was the second most expensive video, production cost being around $6 million.[22]
Original video showed Madonna among military-garbed models at a fashion show. Interspersed with shots of the catwalk was footage of explosions and planes dropping bombs. The video ends with Madonna throwing what appears to be a grenade into the lap of a George W. Bush lookalike.[77] Western models, wearing military garments are followed on the catwalk by Middle Eastern child victims of war. Madonna had initially claimed that the video was non-specific and anti-war. However, before its premiere on music channels in March 2003, Madonna cancelled the release and issued a statement saying that, "I do not believe that it is appropriate to air it [the video] at this time. Due to the volatile state of the world and out of sensitivity and respect for the armed forces, who I support and pray for, I do not want to risk offending anyone who might misinterpret the meaning of this video."[23] Because of this, Madonna filmed the second version of the video that featured her singing in front of the world's flags.
Britney Spears and Madonna are shown in a club, playing opposite characters with Britney in the dark and Madonna in the white. A cat-and-mouse like chase ensues; Spears catches up to Madonna in the end.[79]
The video portrays Madonna clad in a pink leotard dancing alone in a ballet studio and concludes at a gaming parlour where she dances with her backup troupe. Interspersed are scenes of people displaying their dancing skills in a variety of settings.[24]
The video features Madonna in a blond bob wig and singing the song in front of several neon signs. The video also features dancers performing the physical discipline parkour.[83]
Madonna and Timberlake sing and run away from a giant black screen that devours everything in its path. At the end of the video, Madonna and Timberlake are consumed by the screen.[25]
Contains The Virgin Tour as shot live in Detroit, Michigan, 1985 in support of her second studio album Like a Virgin.[86] Was certified two-times multi-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 200,000 units en los Estados Unidos.[87]
Contiene el Who's That Girl World Tour en vivo desde Turín, Italia, 1987.[89] Was certified two-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 200,000 units in the United States.[87]
Contiene el Confessions Tour, shot live from Londres, Inglaterra, en 2006. Debuted at fifteen on the Billboard 200 on the issue dated February 2, 2007.[94]
Includes the music videos of "Burning Up", "Lucky Star", "Borderline" and "Like a Virgin". Was the top-selling music video cassette of 1985.[97] Was certified two times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 100,000 units in the United States.[87]
Promotional music videos from 1983 to 1990. Includes "Lucky Star", "Borderline", "Like a Virgin", "Material Girl", "Papa Don't Preach", "Open Your Heart", "La Isla Bonita", "Like a Prayer", "Express Yourself", "Cherish", "Oh Father", "Vogue" and its live performance from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards.[98] Was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 150,000 copies.[87]
Studio: Maverick, Warner Bros., Warner Music Vision
Format: VHS, DVD
Promotional music videos from 1993 to 1999. Includes "Bad Girl", "Fever", "Rain", "Secret", "Take a Bow", "Bedtime Story", "Human Nature", "Love Don't Live Here Anymore", "Frozen", "Ray of Light", "Drowned World", "Power of Goodbye", "Nothing Really Matters" and "Beautiful Stranger".[99] Was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 50,000 units in the United States.[87]
Documentary following the 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour. Incluye las interpretaciones en vivo de "Express Yourself", "Oh Father", "Like a Virgin", "Live to Tell", "Holiday", "Vogue" y "Keep It Together".[101]
Video musical promocional para "Justify My Love" and "Vogue" interpretado en vivo en los 1990 MTV Video Music Awards. It was certified four times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 200,000 copies of the single.[87] The video has sold 440,000 copies.[103] It is the best-selling music video single of all time.[55]
Video musical promocional para "Music". It was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 25,000 copies of the single.[87]
↑ abHand, John (5 de marzo de 2009). «Madonna's banned advert». BBC (BBC Online). Consultado el 5 de abril de 2011.Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; el nombre «banned» está definido varias veces con contenidos diferentes
↑ abCagle, Jess (4 de mayo de 1990). «What, me vogue?». Entertainment Weekly (Time Inc.). Consultado el 5 de abril de 2011.Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; el nombre «vogue» está definido varias veces con contenidos diferentes
↑ abcRich, Joshua (20 de noviembre de 1998). «Madonna Banned». Entertainment Weekly (Time Inc). Consultado el 5 de abril de 2011.Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; el nombre «justify» está definido varias veces con contenidos diferentes
↑ abSlezak, Michael (9 de octubre de 2006). «Snap Judgement: Madonna's 'Jump'». Entertainment Weekly (Time Inc). Consultado el 10 de diciembre de 2009.
Rettenmund, Matthew (1996), Totally Awesome 80s: A Lexicon of the Music, Videos, Movies, TV Shows, Stars, and Trends of that Decadent Decade, Macmillan, ISBN0-312-14436-9.
