Diferencia entre revisiones de «Historia genética de Europa»
Creado al traducir la página «Genetic history of Europe» Etiquetas: sin categorizar Traducción de contenido |
(Sin diferencias)
|
Revisión del 15:57 24 abr 2018
La historia genética de Europa abarca la historia de los patrones de diversidad genética entre las poblaciones humanas del continente Europeo. La historia refleja los patrones de demográfica y los cambios étnicos que se han producido en Europa a lo largo del tiempo. La información primaria proviene de las secuencias mitocondriales, del cromosoma Y y el ADN autosómico (incluidos los polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido),[1] de las poblaciones modernas y, en su caso, del ADN antiguo.
Estudios genéticos de Cavalli-Sforza
Relación entre los Europeos y otras poblaciones
Europa | América | Este de Asia | Oceanía | |
---|---|---|---|---|
América | 9.5 | |||
Este de Asia | 9.7 | 8.9 | ||
Oceanía | 13.5 | 14.6 | 10 | |
África | 16.6 | 22.6 | 20.6 | 24.7 |
Según Cavalli-Sforza, todas las poblaciones no Africanas están más estrechamente relacionados entre sí que a los Africanos; lo que apoya la hipótesis de que todos los no Africanos descienden de una sola antigua población Africana. La distancia genética de África a Europa (16.6) es más corta que la distancia genética de África a Asia Oriental (20.6), y mucho más corta que la de África a Australia (24.7).
Noroeste de Europa (CEU) | Yoruba | Chinos Han |
---|---|---|
Noroeste de Europa (CEU) |
0.1530 | 0.1100 |
Yoruba | 0.1530 | 0.1900 |
Chinos Han | 0.1100 | 0.1900 |
Italian Americans | Palestinians | Swedes | Druzes | Spaniards | Germans | Russians | Irish | Greek Americans | Ashkenazi Jews | Circassians |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Italian Americans | 0.0064 | 0.0064 | 0.0057 | 0.0010 | 0.0029 | 0.0088 | 0.0048 | 0.0000 | 0.0040 | 0.0067 |
Palestinians | 0.0064 | 0.0191 | 0.0064 | 0.0101 | 0.0136 | 0.0202 | 0.0170 | 0.0057 | 0.0093 | 0.0108 |
Swedes | 0.0064 | 0.0191 | 0.0167 | 0.0040 | 0.0007 | 0.0030 | 0.0020 | 0.0084 | 0.0120 | 0.0117 |
Druzes | 0.0057 | 0.0064 | 0.0167 | 0.0096 | 0.0121 | 0.0194 | 0.0154 | 0.0052 | 0.0088 | 0.0092 |
Spaniards | 0.0010 | 0.0101 | 0.0040 | 0.0096 | 0.0015 | 0.0070 | 0.0037 | 0.0035 | 0.0056 | 0.0090 |
Germans | 0.0029 | 0.0136 | 0.0007 | 0.0121 | 0.0015 | 0.0030 | 0.0010 | 0.0039 | 0.0072 | 0.0089 |
Russians | 0.0088 | 0.0202 | 0.0030 | 0.0194 | 0.0070 | 0.0030 | 0.0038 | 0.0108 | 0.0137 | 0.0120 |
Irish | 0.0048 | 0.0170 | 0.0020 | 0.0154 | 0.0037 | 0.0010 | 0.0038 | 0.0067 | 0.0109 | 0.0110 |
Greek Americans | 0.0000 | 0.0057 | 0.0084 | 0.0052 | 0.0035 | 0.0039 | 0.0108 | 0.0067 | 0.0042 | 0.0054 |
Ashkenazi Jews | 0.0040 | 0.0093 | 0.0120 | 0.0088 | 0.0056 | 0.0072 | 0.0137 | 0.0109 | 0.0042 | 0.0107 |
Circassians | 0.0067 | 0.0108 | 0.0117 | 0.0092 | 0.0090 | 0.0089 | 0.0120 | 0.0110 | 0.0054 | 0.0107 |
Austria | Bulgaria | Czech Republic | Estonia | Finland (Helsinki) | Finland (Kuusamo) | France | Northern Germany | Southern Germany | Hungary | Northern Italy | Southern Italy | Latvia | Lithuania | Poland | Russia | Spain | Sweden | Switzerland | CEU | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria | 1.14 | 1.08 | 1.58 | 2.24 | 3.30 | 1.16 | 1.10 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.49 | 1.79 | 1.85 | 1.70 | 1.19 | 1.47 | 1.41 | 1.21 | 1.19 | 1.12 | Austria |
Bulgaria | 1.14 | 1.21 | 1.70 | 2.19 | 2.91 | 1.22 | 1.32 | 1.19 | 1.10 | 1.32 | 1.38 | 1.86 | 1.73 | 1.29 | 1.53 | 1.30 | 1.47 | 1.13 | 1.29 | Bulgaria |
Czech Republic | 1.08 | 1.21 | 1.42 | 2.20 | 3.26 | 1.35 | 1.15 | 1.16 | 1.06 | 1.69 | 2.04 | 1.62 | 1.48 | 1.09 | 1.27 | 1.63 | 1.26 | 1.37 | 1.21 | Czech Republic |
Estonia | 1.58 | 1.70 | 1.42 | 1.71 | 2.80 | 2.08 | 1.53 | 1.70 | 1.41 | 2.42 | 2.93 | 1.24 | 1.28 | 1.17 | 1.21 | 2.54 | 1.49 | 2.16 | 1.59 | Estonia |
Finland (Helsinki) | 2.24 | 2.19 | 2.20 | 1.71 | 1.86 | 2.69 | 2.17 | 2.35 | 1.87 | 2.82 | 3.37 | 2.31 | 2.33 | 1.75 | 2.10 | 3.14 | 1.89 | 2.77 | 1.99 | Finland (Helsinki) |
Finland (Kuusamo) | 3.30 | 2.91 | 3.26 | 2.80 | 1.86 | 3.72 | 3.27 | 3.46 | 2.68 | 3.64 | 4.18 | 3.33 | 3.37 | 2.49 | 3.16 | 4.21 | 2.87 | 3.83 | 2.89 | Finland (Kuusamo) |
France | 1.16 | 1.22 | 1.35 | 2.08 | 2.69 | 3.72 | 1.25 | 1.12 | 1.16 | 1.38 | 1.68 | 2.40 | 2.20 | 1.44 | 1.94 | 1.13 | 1.38 | 1.10 | 1.13 | France |
Northern Germany | 1.10 | 1.32 | 1.15 | 1.53 | 2.17 | 3.27 | 1.25 | 1.08 | 1.11 | 1.72 | 2.14 | 1.84 | 1.66 | 1.18 | 1.49 | 1.62 | 1.12 | 1.36 | 1.06 | Northern Germany |
Southern Germany | 1.04 | 1.19 | 1.16 | 1.70 | 2.35 | 3.46 | 1.12 | 1.08 | 1.08 | 1.53 | 1.85 | 1.20 | 1.84 | 1.23 | 1.58 | 1.40 | 1.21 | 1.17 | 1.07 | Southern Germany |
Hungary | 1.04 | 1.10 | 1.06 | 1.41 | 1.87 | 2.68 | 1.16 | 1.11 | 1.08 | 1.42 | 1.63 | 1.58 | 1.46 | 1.14 | 1.28 | 1.32 | 1.22 | 1.16 | 1.13 | Hungary |
Northern Italy | 1.49 | 1.32 | 1.69 | 2.42 | 2.82 | 3.64 | 1.38 | 1.72 | 1.53 | 1.42 | 1.54 | 2.64 | 2.48 | 1.75 | 2.24 | 1.42 | 1.86 | 1.36 | 1.56 | Northern Italy |
Southern Italy | 1.79 | 1.38 | 2.04 | 2.93 | 3.37 | 4.18 | 1.68 | 2.14 | 1.85 | 1.63 | 1.54 | 3.14 | 2.96 | 1.99 | 2.68 | 1.67 | 2.28 | 1.54 | 1.84 | Southern Italy |
Latvia | 1.85 | 1.86 | 1.62 | 1.24 | 2.31 | 3.33 | 2.40 | 1.84 | 1.20 | 1.58 | 2.64 | 3.14 | 1.20 | 1.26 | 1.84 | 2.82 | 1.89 | 2.52 | 1.87 | Latvia |
Lithuania | 1.70 | 1.73 | 1.48 | 1.28 | 2.33 | 3.37 | 2.20 | 1.66 | 1.84 | 1.46 | 2.48 | 2.96 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.26 | 2.62 | 1.74 | 2.29 | 1.74 | Lithuania |
Poland | 1.19 | 1.29 | 1.09 | 1.17 | 1.75 | 2.49 | 1.44 | 1.18 | 1.23 | 1.14 | 1.75 | 1.99 | 1.26 | 1.20 | 1.18 | 1.66 | 1.30 | 1.46 | 1.28 | Poland |
Russia | 1.47 | 1.53 | 1.27 | 1.21 | 2.10 | 3.16 | 1.94 | 1.49 | 1.58 | 1.28 | 2.24 | 2.68 | 1.84 | 1.26 | 1.18 | 2.32 | 1.59 | 1.20 | 1.56 | Russia |
Spain | 1.41 | 1.30 | 1.63 | 2.54 | 3.14 | 4.21 | 1.13 | 1.62 | 1.40 | 1.32 | 1.42 | 1.67 | 2.82 | 2.62 | 1.66 | 2.32 | 1.73 | 1.16 | 1.34 | Spain |
Sweden | 1.21 | 1.47 | 1.26 | 1.49 | 1.89 | 2.87 | 1.38 | 1.12 | 1.21 | 1.22 | 1.86 | 2.28 | 1.89 | 1.74 | 1.30 | 1.59 | 1.73 | 1.50 | 1.09 | Sweden |
Switzerland | 1.19 | 1.13 | 1.37 | 2.16 | 2.77 | 3.83 | 1.10 | 1.36 | 1.17 | 1.16 | 1.36 | 1.54 | 2.52 | 2.29 | 1.46 | 1.20 | 1.16 | 1.50 | 1.21 | Switzerland |
CEU | 1.12 | 1.29 | 1.21 | 1.59 | 1.99 | 2.89 | 1.13 | 1.06 | 1.07 | 1.13 | 1.56 | 1.84 | 1.87 | 1.74 | 1.28 | 1.56 | 1.34 | 1.09 | 1.21 | CEU |
Austria | Bulgaria | Czech Republic | Estonia | Finland (Helsinki) | Finland (Kuusamo) | France | Northern Germany | Southern Germany | Hungary | Northern Italy | Southern Italy | Latvia | Lithuania | Poland | Russia | Spain | Sweden | Switzerland | CEU |
La Era del Paleolítico
Referencias
En línea
- ↑ «What are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)?». U.S. National Library of Medicine. 6 de mayo de 2013. Consultado el 11 de mayo de 2013.
- ↑ Nelis, Mari; et al; Mägi, Reedik; Zimprich, Fritz; Zimprich, Alexander; Toncheva, Draga; Karachanak, Sena; Piskáčková, Tereza (8 de mayo de 2009), «Genetic Structure of Europeans: A View from the North–East», en Fleischer, Robert C., ed., PLoS ONE 4 (5): e5472, Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5472N, PMC 2675054, PMID 19424496, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005472..
- ↑ Tian, C; Kosoy, R; Nassir, R (2009). «PubMed Central, Table 1: Mol Med.». Mol. Med. 15: 371-83. PMC 2730349. PMID 19707526. doi:10.2119/molmed.2009.00094.
- ↑ Nelis, M; Esko, T; Mägi, R; Zimprich, F; Zimprich, A; Toncheva, D; Karachanak, S; Piskácková, T (2009), «European Population Genetic Substructure: Further Definition of Ancestry Informative Markers for Distinguishing among Diverse European Ethnic Groups», PLoS ONE 4 (5): e5472, table 2, Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5472N, PMC 2675054, PMID 19424496, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005472.