Diferencia entre revisiones de «Imperio Antiguo de Egipto»

De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Contenido eliminado Contenido añadido
leves detalles, en la historiografía en español se usa Imperio Antiguo, Medio y Nuevo (lo de reino es un calco del inglés, Old Kingdom, etc) Imhotep no fue más importante que su rey sino más conocido posteriormente debido a su tardía divinización, las pirámides de Guiza fueron erigidas por ellos corroborado por los hallazgos arqueológicos y evidencias contemporáneas
"
Etiquetas: Revertido posible pruebas posibles pruebas Edición visual Edición desde móvil Edición vía web móvil
Línea 1: Línea 1:
{{Ficha de estado desaparecido
{{Ficha de estado desaparecido
|nombre_oficial =
|nombre_oficial = We value your privacy

We use cookies to enhance your browsing experience, serve personalized ads or content, and analyze our traffic. By clicking "Accept All", you consent to our use of cookies. Cookie Policy

Skip to content
Alison-Carter_Facilitator
MEET THE TEAM
Alison Carter
SPEAKER, LEAD FACILITATOR & EXECUTIVE COACH
Alison Carter draws on over 25-years of blue-chip corporate experience in senior financial and managerial roles in London and Sydney.

Specialist Areas
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT
INFLUENCE
RESILIENCE
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
STORYTELLING
Alison’s experience spans 25-years of blue-chip corporate employment in senior financial and managerial roles in the UK and Australia, establishing several companies of her own and working as an NFP counsellor. She understands the importance of strong communication skills and financial acumen for leaders and strongly believes that operating with authenticity and empathy is critical in the future of work.

Specialising in the areas of communication, leadership, influence and resilience, Alison Carter draws on over 25-years of blue-chip corporate experience in senior financial and managerial roles in London and Sydney. Originally training as a Chartered Accountant with PricewaterhouseCoopers she then worked for a variety of companies including Nestle, MLC, Lend Lease, GPT and Babcock & Brown. Roles she has undertaken have spanned financial modelling and analysis, management accounting, project management/advisory and investor relations.

Her experience is not limited to the big end of town though; her entrepreneurial spirit and passion to help others have supported her as she established several companies of her own, including a legal contracting consultancy. As well as coaching in the not-for-profit sector for two years.

Hogan Leadership Assessment Accreditation
Peter Berry, 2018
IECL accredited
2016
D.V. & S.A. Counselling Accreditation
Lifeline, 2016
Member of the Chartered Accountants
Institute of England & Wales
Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)
University of Oxford, 1983 – 1985
Alison was a great facilitator as she actively demonstrated the concepts throughout the program, was open to questions and provided effective feedback. Alison's pace, storytelling and ability to keep the participants engaged from start to finish were particularly good. Thank you, Alison.

JONATHAN MILLEN |

Senior Manager – Capability

Tabcorp, Australia

Ali's knowledge, application of the techniques, energy, commitment and research on participants was very impressive.

CINDY BATCHELOR |

Deputy CEO

Australian Red Cross, Australia

Ali is very engaging, we had a small group and she was able to keep everyone engaged over the 2-days. She is very good at expressing, providing good examples to explain the theory and provides good feedback to participants.

KATHY GLEADHILL |

Internal Audit & Risk Assurance Manager

Collins Foods Limited, Australia

Ali is great, full of energy, with awesome feedback to the group. A top facilitator.

MARK KARLSON |

Associate Director

Gresham, Australia

Alison was a great facilitator as she actively demonstrated the concepts throughout the program, was open to questions and provided effective feedback. Alison's pace, storytelling and ability to keep the participants engaged from start to finish were particularly good. Thank you, Alison.

JONATHAN MILLEN |

Senior Manager – Capability

Tabcorp, Australia

Ali's knowledge, application of the techniques, energy, commitment and research on participants was very impressive.

CINDY BATCHELOR |

Deputy CEO

Australian Red Cross, Australia

Ali is very engaging, we had a small group and she was able to keep everyone engaged over the 2-days. She is very good at expressing, providing good examples to explain the theory and provides good feedback to participants.

KATHY GLEADHILL |

Internal Audit & Risk Assurance Manager

Collins Foods Limited, Australia

Ali is great, full of energy, with awesome feedback to the group. A top facilitator.

MARK KARLSON |

Associate Director

Gresham, Australia

Alison was a great facilitator as she actively demonstrated the concepts throughout the program, was open to questions and provided effective feedback. Alison's pace, storytelling and ability to keep the participants engaged from start to finish were particularly good. Thank you, Alison.

JONATHAN MILLEN |

Senior Manager – Capability

Tabcorp, Australia

Ali's knowledge, application of the techniques, energy, commitment and research on participants was very impressive.

CINDY BATCHELOR |

Deputy CEO

Australian Red Cross, Australia

Ali is very engaging, we had a small group and she was able to keep everyone engaged over the 2-days. She is very good at expressing, providing good examples to explain the theory and provides good feedback to participants.

KATHY GLEADHILL |

Internal Audit & Risk Assurance Manager

Collins Foods Limited, Australia

Ali is great, full of energy, with awesome feedback to the group. A top facilitator.

MARK KARLSON |

Associate Director

Gresham, Australia

MEET THE REST OF THE TEAM
Led by our expert trainers
Internationally acclaimed speakers, corporate facilitators and coaches guide you through the course.

Paul-Bindig_Facilitator-and-Coach
PAUL BINDIG
FACILITATOR & COACH
A history in financial services working with high-performance teams informs the development and coaching work Colin does to support the success of corporate leaders.
View Profile
Michelle Atkinson Executive Coach
MICHELLE ATKINSON
EXECUTIVE COACH
An inclusive, authentic coach and learning facilitator. Michelle is deeply experienced working 1:1 and virtually with leaders to empower and build performance.
View Profile

TIM CHILVERS
PRINCIPAL, SPEAKER, LEAD FACILITATOR & EXECUTIVE COACH
Accomplished facilitator with over 25-years of international experience leading commercial divisions banks in London and Australia
View Profile
Nachelle-Crowther_coach_Cjm
NACHELLE CROWTHER
COACH
Nachelle has also been a leadership and entrepreneurial coach for the past 9-years supporting teams and helping them to connect, communicate and achieve tangible results.
View Profile

ANDREW LEE
FACILITATOR & COACH
Andrew has over 25 years of experience as a facilitator and coach helping organisations identify challenges and developing the capability to overcome them.
View Profile
Imtiyaz-Foolat
IMTIYAZ FOOLAT
FACILITATOR & COACH
A talent UK facilitator who creates an open, diverse and trusted learning environment where real change can be achieved.
View Profile
Paul Mischel_Facilitator_Headshot
PAUL MISCHEL
FACILITATOR & COACH
Paul is an experienced facilitator – teaching and designing training for organisations across Australia. Helping your team meet their goals.
View Profile
Rakesh Pankhania
RAKESH PANKHANIA
COACH & REGIONAL DIRECTOR, CLIENT PARTNERSHIPS: AUSTRALIA AND EUROPE
A specialist in growing businesses at pace, Rakesh is also passionate about people. Helping others achieve their goals and see success.
View Profile
Eddy-Harrison-Lee-facilitator-and-coach-portrait
EDDY HARRISON-LEE
COACH
A supportive and trusted coach with many years experience helping professionals in a variety of business sectors.
View Profile
Colin-James_Lead-facilitator
COLIN JAMES
CO-FOUNDER, SPEAKER, LEAD FACILITATOR & EXECUTIVE COACH
World-renowned facilitator and keynote speaker Colin James will deeply engage and inspire at your next event.
View Profile
Erica-Bagshaw_Lead-Facilitator
ERICA BAGSHAW
CO-FOUNDER, SPEAKER, LEAD FACILITATOR, EXECUTIVE COACH
A passionate educator, who cares deeply about shifting capability and driving change in your organisations
View Profile
Jason-Tebble_Facilitator_Website
JASON TEBBLE
COACH & FACILITATOR
Jason’s coaching philosophy is to provide challenging coaching with care, in a non-directive way that works towards clear outcomes.
View Profile
Critter-Gilpin_Facilitator
CRITTER GILPIN
FACILITATOR, COACH & HEAD OF GLOBAL FACULTY
Working in the education space helping organisations and individuals achieve key outcomes and positive growth for 18-years.
View Profile

ANNABEL MURPHY
COACH
Encouraging coach with international experience across a variety of industries that empowers her to connect and build rapport easily with participants.
View Profile
Elspeth-Mills-Rendall_Facilitator-and-Coach
ELSPETH MILLS RENDALL
FACILITATOR & COACH
An ex barrister who is passionate about enhancing the communication, leadership and stakeholder relationship skills of participants.
View Profile
Dr-Darien-Cohen_Coach-and-Facilitator
DR. DARIEN COHEN. PH.D
COACH & FACILITATOR
Dr. Cohen is actively engaged in the facilitation, training and development of staff and is committed to positioning team members to achieve success.
View Profile
Natasha Osmond-Dreyer_Facilitator and Coach
NATASHA OSMOND-DREYER
COO, FACILITATOR AND COACH
Facilitator and Coach Natasha Osmond-Dreyer brings a wealth of corporate banking experience to her work. Supporting professionals to thrive.
View Profile
Dana Eisenstein Facilitator
DANA EISENSTEIN
FACILITATOR & COACH
With a long career in leadership development, Dana creates a fun and inspiring learning experiences with real world skills application.
View Profile
Paul-Bindig_Facilitator-and-Coach
PAUL BINDIG
FACILITATOR & COACH
A history in financial services working with high-performance teams informs the development and coaching work Colin does to support the success of corporate leaders.
View Profile
Michelle Atkinson Executive Coach
MICHELLE ATKINSON
EXECUTIVE COACH
An inclusive, authentic coach and learning facilitator. Michelle is deeply experienced working 1:1 and virtually with leaders to empower and build performance.
View Profile
Ready to accelerate
your success?
Contact Us
Latest tips from our blog

AI And Technology In The Workplace – A Friend Or Foe To Soft Skills?
Read More

7 Business Strengths (& Weaknesses) of Gen Z
Read More
TRAINING OPTIONS
Face to Face Training
Live Virtual Training
1:1 Coaching
Online Training
Keynotes & Masterclasses
TRAINING SOLUTIONS FOR
Emerging Leaders
Managers
Senior Leaders
Sales Professionals
Remote Teams
Graduate Training
SPECIALIST INDUSTRIES
Banking
Tech & IT
Superannuation
STAY IN THE KNOW

Subscribe to our newsletter.

Name(Juan - Gabriel )
First Name *JlGrPl
First
Last Name * PNVGR. CJLGR. PLBDJ. NVGJGRRP.
NVYGJGRRL.
Last
Business Email(@roblosxnew155199)
Business Email *
Happy to hear from us?el sur de norte América
Keep me updated with CJ6L content
Linkedin

Youtube

The Colin James Method® – ©BYWWWCITYPNG.COMu.begokusam
Privacy Policy
Terms and Conditions
Terms of Business
|nombre_completo =Imperio Antiguo de Egipto
|nombre_completo =Imperio Antiguo de Egipto
|nombre_común =Imperio Antiguo de Egipto
|nombre_común =Imperio Antiguo de Egipto
Línea 93: Línea 375:
}}
}}


<ref>We value your privacy
El '''Imperio Antiguo de Egipto''' es el período de la historia del [[antiguo Egipto]] comprendido entre 2686 y 2181&nbsp;a.&nbsp;C. Lo integran las dinastías [[Dinastía III de Egipto|III]], [[Dinastía IV de Egipto|IV]], [[Dinastía V de Egipto|V]] y [[Dinastía VI de Egipto|VI]].<ref>No hay unanimidad en la clasificación de los periodos de la historia del antiguo Egipto. Así, en el libro ''The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt'' se estima que el Imperio Antiguo comprende las dinastías IV a VIII.</ref>

We use cookies to enhance your browsing experience, serve personalized ads or content, and analyze our traffic. By clicking "Accept All", you consent to our use of cookies. Cookie Policy

Skip to content

Alison-Carter_Facilitator

MEET THE TEAM

Alison Carter

SPEAKER, LEAD FACILITATOR & EXECUTIVE COACH

Alison Carter draws on over 25-years of blue-chip corporate experience in senior financial and managerial roles in London and Sydney.

Specialist Areas

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT

INFLUENCE

RESILIENCE

ENTREPRENEURSHIP

STORYTELLING

Alison’s experience spans 25-years of blue-chip corporate employment in senior financial and managerial roles in the UK and Australia, establishing several companies of her own and working as an NFP counsellor. She understands the importance of strong communication skills and financial acumen for leaders and strongly believes that operating with authenticity and empathy is critical in the future of work.

Specialising in the areas of communication, leadership, influence and resilience, Alison Carter draws on over 25-years of blue-chip corporate experience in senior financial and managerial roles in London and Sydney. Originally training as a Chartered Accountant with PricewaterhouseCoopers she then worked for a variety of companies including Nestle, MLC, Lend Lease, GPT and Babcock & Brown. Roles she has undertaken have spanned financial modelling and analysis, management accounting, project management/advisory and investor relations.

Her experience is not limited to the big end of town though; her entrepreneurial spirit and passion to help others have supported her as she established several companies of her own, including a legal contracting consultancy. As well as coaching in the not-for-profit sector for two years.

Hogan Leadership Assessment Accreditation

Peter Berry, 2018

IECL accredited

2016

D.V. & S.A. Counselling Accreditation

Lifeline, 2016

Member of the Chartered Accountants

Institute of England & Wales

Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)

University of Oxford, 1983 – 1985

Alison was a great facilitator as she actively demonstrated the concepts throughout the program, was open to questions and provided effective feedback. Alison's pace, storytelling and ability to keep the participants engaged from start to finish were particularly good. Thank you, Alison.

JONATHAN MILLEN |

Senior Manager – Capability

Tabcorp, Australia

Ali's knowledge, application of the techniques, energy, commitment and research on participants was very impressive.

CINDY BATCHELOR |

Deputy CEO

Australian Red Cross, Australia

Ali is very engaging, we had a small group and she was able to keep everyone engaged over the 2-days. She is very good at expressing, providing good examples to explain the theory and provides good feedback to participants.

KATHY GLEADHILL |

Internal Audit & Risk Assurance Manager

Collins Foods Limited, Australia

Ali is great, full of energy, with awesome feedback to the group. A top facilitator.

MARK KARLSON |

Associate Director

Gresham, Australia

Alison was a great facilitator as she actively demonstrated the concepts throughout the program, was open to questions and provided effective feedback. Alison's pace, storytelling and ability to keep the participants engaged from start to finish were particularly good. Thank you, Alison.

JONATHAN MILLEN |

Senior Manager – Capability

Tabcorp, Australia

Ali's knowledge, application of the techniques, energy, commitment and research on participants was very impressive.

CINDY BATCHELOR |

Deputy CEO

Australian Red Cross, Australia

Ali is very engaging, we had a small group and she was able to keep everyone engaged over the 2-days. She is very good at expressing, providing good examples to explain the theory and provides good feedback to participants.

KATHY GLEADHILL |

Internal Audit & Risk Assurance Manager

Collins Foods Limited, Australia

Ali is great, full of energy, with awesome feedback to the group. A top facilitator.

MARK KARLSON |

Associate Director

Gresham, Australia

Alison was a great facilitator as she actively demonstrated the concepts throughout the program, was open to questions and provided effective feedback. Alison's pace, storytelling and ability to keep the participants engaged from start to finish were particularly good. Thank you, Alison.

JONATHAN MILLEN |

Senior Manager – Capability

Tabcorp, Australia

Ali's knowledge, application of the techniques, energy, commitment and research on participants was very impressive.

CINDY BATCHELOR |

Deputy CEO

Australian Red Cross, Australia

Ali is very engaging, we had a small group and she was able to keep everyone engaged over the 2-days. She is very good at expressing, providing good examples to explain the theory and provides good feedback to participants.

KATHY GLEADHILL |

Internal Audit & Risk Assurance Manager

Collins Foods Limited, Australia

Ali is great, full of energy, with awesome feedback to the group. A top facilitator.

MARK KARLSON |

Associate Director

Gresham, Australia

MEET THE REST OF THE TEAM

Led by our expert trainers

Internationally acclaimed speakers, corporate facilitators and coaches guide you through the course.

Paul-Bindig_Facilitator-and-Coach

PAUL BINDIG

FACILITATOR & COACH

A history in financial services working with high-performance teams informs the development and coaching work Colin does to support the success of corporate leaders.

View Profile

Michelle Atkinson Executive Coach

MICHELLE ATKINSON

EXECUTIVE COACH

An inclusive, authentic coach and learning facilitator. Michelle is deeply experienced working 1:1 and virtually with leaders to empower and build performance.

View Profile

TIM CHILVERS

PRINCIPAL, SPEAKER, LEAD FACILITATOR & EXECUTIVE COACH

Accomplished facilitator with over 25-years of international experience leading commercial divisions banks in London and Australia

View Profile

Nachelle-Crowther_coach_Cjm

NACHELLE CROWTHER

COACH

Nachelle has also been a leadership and entrepreneurial coach for the past 9-years supporting teams and helping them to connect, communicate and achieve tangible results.

View Profile

ANDREW LEE

FACILITATOR & COACH

Andrew has over 25 years of experience as a facilitator and coach helping organisations identify challenges and developing the capability to overcome them.

View Profile

Imtiyaz-Foolat

IMTIYAZ FOOLAT

FACILITATOR & COACH

A talent UK facilitator who creates an open, diverse and trusted learning environment where real change can be achieved.

View Profile

Paul Mischel_Facilitator_Headshot

PAUL MISCHEL

FACILITATOR & COACH

Paul is an experienced facilitator – teaching and designing training for organisations across Australia. Helping your team meet their goals.

View Profile

Rakesh Pankhania

RAKESH PANKHANIA

COACH & REGIONAL DIRECTOR, CLIENT PARTNERSHIPS: AUSTRALIA AND EUROPE

A specialist in growing businesses at pace, Rakesh is also passionate about people. Helping others achieve their goals and see success.

View Profile

Eddy-Harrison-Lee-facilitator-and-coach-portrait

EDDY HARRISON-LEE

COACH

A supportive and trusted coach with many years experience helping professionals in a variety of business sectors.

View Profile

Colin-James_Lead-facilitator

COLIN JAMES

CO-FOUNDER, SPEAKER, LEAD FACILITATOR & EXECUTIVE COACH

World-renowned facilitator and keynote speaker Colin James will deeply engage and inspire at your next event.

View Profile

Erica-Bagshaw_Lead-Facilitator

ERICA BAGSHAW

CO-FOUNDER, SPEAKER, LEAD FACILITATOR, EXECUTIVE COACH

A passionate educator, who cares deeply about shifting capability and driving change in your organisations

View Profile

Jason-Tebble_Facilitator_Website

JASON TEBBLE

COACH & FACILITATOR

Jason’s coaching philosophy is to provide challenging coaching with care, in a non-directive way that works towards clear outcomes.

View Profile

Critter-Gilpin_Facilitator

CRITTER GILPIN

FACILITATOR, COACH & HEAD OF GLOBAL FACULTY

Working in the education space helping organisations and individuals achieve key outcomes and positive growth for 18-years.

View Profile

ANNABEL MURPHY

COACH

Encouraging coach with international experience across a variety of industries that empowers her to connect and build rapport easily with participants.

View Profile

Elspeth-Mills-Rendall_Facilitator-and-Coach

ELSPETH MILLS RENDALL

FACILITATOR & COACH

An ex barrister who is passionate about enhancing the communication, leadership and stakeholder relationship skills of participants.

View Profile

Dr-Darien-Cohen_Coach-and-Facilitator

DR. DARIEN COHEN. PH.D

COACH & FACILITATOR

Dr. Cohen is actively engaged in the facilitation, training and development of staff and is committed to positioning team members to achieve success.

View Profile

Natasha Osmond-Dreyer_Facilitator and Coach

NATASHA OSMOND-DREYER

COO, FACILITATOR AND COACH

Facilitator and Coach Natasha Osmond-Dreyer brings a wealth of corporate banking experience to her work. Supporting professionals to thrive.

View Profile

Dana Eisenstein Facilitator

DANA EISENSTEIN

FACILITATOR & COACH

With a long career in leadership development, Dana creates a fun and inspiring learning experiences with real world skills application.

View Profile

Paul-Bindig_Facilitator-and-Coach

PAUL BINDIG

FACILITATOR & COACH

A history in financial services working with high-performance teams informs the development and coaching work Colin does to support the success of corporate leaders.

View Profile

Michelle Atkinson Executive Coach

MICHELLE ATKINSON

EXECUTIVE COACH

An inclusive, authentic coach and learning facilitator. Michelle is deeply experienced working 1:1 and virtually with leaders to empower and build performance.

View Profile

Ready to accelerate

your success?

Contact Us

Latest tips from our blog

AI And Technology In The Workplace – A Friend Or Foe To Soft Skills?

Read More

7 Business Strengths (& Weaknesses) of Gen Z

Read More

TRAINING OPTIONS

Face to Face Training

Live Virtual Training

1:1 Coaching

Online Training

Keynotes & Masterclasses

TRAINING SOLUTIONS FOR

Emerging Leaders

Managers

Senior Leaders

Sales Professionals

Remote Teams

Graduate Training

SPECIALIST INDUSTRIES

Banking

Tech & IT

Superannuation

STAY IN THE KNOW

Subscribe to our newsletter.

Name(Juan - Gabriel )

First Name *JlGrPl

First

Last Name * PNVGR. CJLGR. PLBDJ. NVGJGRRP.

NVYGJGRRL.

Last

Business Email(@roblosxnew155199)

Business Email *

Happy to hear from us?el sur de norte América

Keep me updated with CJ6L content

Linkedin

Youtube

The Colin James Method® – ©BYWWWCITYPNG.COMu.begokusam

Privacy Policy

Terms and Conditions

Terms of Business</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":0" />El '''Imperio Antiguo de Egipto''' es el período de la historia del [[antiguo Egipto]] comprendido entre 2686 y 2181&nbsp;a.&nbsp;C. Lo integran las dinastías [[Dinastía III de Egipto|III]], [[Dinastía IV de Egipto|IV]], [[Dinastía V de Egipto|V]] y [[Dinastía VI de Egipto|VI]].<ref>No hay unanimidad en la clasificación de los periodos de la historia del antiguo Egipto. Así, en el libro ''The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt'' se estima que el Imperio Antiguo comprende las dinastías IV a VIII.</ref>


El Imperio Antiguo consolidó el sistema político, cultural y religioso surgido durante el periodo protodinástico, con la aparición de una monarquía cuyos rasgos más notables son la divinización absoluta del [[faraón]] y un poder político fuertemente centralizado.
El Imperio Antiguo consolidó el sistema político, cultural y religioso surgido durante el periodo protodinástico, con la aparición de una monarquía cuyos rasgos más notables son la divinización absoluta del [[faraón]] y un poder político fuertemente centralizado.
Línea 135: Línea 853:
== El faraón y su corte ==
== El faraón y su corte ==


El [[faraón]] era considerado como un dios, heredero de los dioses que reinaron sobre la Tierra,<ref>Los dioses predecesores están inscritos en el [[Canon Real de Turín]]</ref> custodio de la justicia y el orden universal "[[Maat]]". Era el único que podía tener varias esposas legítimas y otras secundarias (concubinas), madres de los futuros reyes, ''[[chaty|visires]]''<ref>El término visir se emplea profusamente en textos que tratan del Antiguo Egipto para designar al primer ministro elegido por el faraón como máxima autoridad política.</ref> generalmente, sumos sacerdotes en los templos de [[Ra (mitología)|Ra]], [[Tot]] y [[Min]], con derecho a ser enterrados junto al faraón, en pirámides menores o [[mastaba]]s propias.
El [[faraón]] era considerado como un dios, heredero de los dioses que reinaron sobre la Tierra,<ref name=":0">Los dioses predecesores están inscritos en el [[Canon Real de Turín]]</ref> custodio de la justicia y el orden universal "[[Maat]]". Era el único que podía tener varias esposas legítimas y otras secundarias (concubinas), madres de los futuros reyes, ''[[chaty|visires]]''<ref>El término visir se emplea profusamente en textos que tratan del Antiguo Egipto para designar al primer ministro elegido por el faraón como máxima autoridad política.</ref> generalmente, sumos sacerdotes en los templos de [[Ra (mitología)|Ra]], [[Tot]] y [[Min]], con derecho a ser enterrados junto al faraón, en pirámides menores o [[mastaba]]s propias.


== La sociedad ==
== La sociedad ==

Revisión del 06:41 27 ago 2023

We value your privacy We use cookies to enhance your browsing experience, serve personalized ads or content, and analyze our traffic. By clicking "Accept All", you consent to our use of cookies. Cookie Policy Skip to content Alison-Carter_Facilitator MEET THE TEAM Alison Carter SPEAKER, LEAD FACILITATOR & EXECUTIVE COACH Alison Carter draws on over 25-years of blue-chip corporate experience in senior financial and managerial roles in London and Sydney. Specialist Areas COMMUNICATION SKILLS LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT INFLUENCE RESILIENCE ENTREPRENEURSHIP STORYTELLING Alison’s experience spans 25-years of blue-chip corporate employment in senior financial and managerial roles in the UK and Australia, establishing several companies of her own and working as an NFP counsellor. She understands the importance of strong communication skills and financial acumen for leaders and strongly believes that operating with authenticity and empathy is critical in the future of work. Specialising in the areas of communication, leadership, influence and resilience, Alison Carter draws on over 25-years of blue-chip corporate experience in senior financial and managerial roles in London and Sydney. Originally training as a Chartered Accountant with PricewaterhouseCoopers she then worked for a variety of companies including Nestle, MLC, Lend Lease, GPT and Babcock & Brown. Roles she has undertaken have spanned financial modelling and analysis, management accounting, project management/advisory and investor relations. Her experience is not limited to the big end of town though; her entrepreneurial spirit and passion to help others have supported her as she established several companies of her own, including a legal contracting consultancy. As well as coaching in the not-for-profit sector for two years. Hogan Leadership Assessment Accreditation Peter Berry, 2018 IECL accredited 2016 D.V. & S.A. Counselling Accreditation Lifeline, 2016 Member of the Chartered Accountants Institute of England & Wales Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) University of Oxford, 1983 – 1985 Alison was a great facilitator as she actively demonstrated the concepts throughout the program, was open to questions and provided effective feedback. Alison's pace, storytelling and ability to keep the participants engaged from start to finish were particularly good. Thank you, Alison. JONATHAN MILLEN
Imperio Antiguo de Egipto

Imperio

Bandera

c. 2686 a. C.-c. 2181 a. C.

Bandera

Ubicación de Imperio Antiguo de Egipto
Ubicación de Imperio Antiguo de Egipto
Antiguo Egipto, Imperios Antiguo y Medio
Capital Menfis
Idioma principal Egipcio antiguo
Religión Egipcia
Gobierno Monarquía absoluta divina
Historia
 • Establecida c. 2686 a. C.
 • Disolución c. 2181 a. C.

[1][2][2]​El Imperio Antiguo de Egipto es el período de la historia del antiguo Egipto comprendido entre 2686 y 2181 a. C. Lo integran las dinastías III, IV, V y VI.[3]

El Imperio Antiguo consolidó el sistema político, cultural y religioso surgido durante el periodo protodinástico, con la aparición de una monarquía cuyos rasgos más notables son la divinización absoluta del faraón y un poder político fuertemente centralizado.

Esta época surge marcada por la influencia del faraón Dyeser (Zoser), quien traslada la capital a Menfis y extiende el Imperio egipcio desde Nubia al Sinaí. Aunque más conocido que Dyeser fue su visir Imhotep, el arquitecto diseñador de la pirámide escalonada de Saqqara, sumo sacerdote de Ptah, divinizado en la época ptolemaica. También las grandes pirámides de Guiza, erigidas por los faraones Keops, Kefrén y Micerino se datan en este periodo.

Estatua de Menkaura. Museo Egipcio de El Cairo.

Tras el largo reinado del faraón Pepy II (94 años), y ante la debilidad del poder real, los nomarcas (gobernadores de los nomos) se hacen fuertes, y convierten sus cargos en hereditarios. Entonces Egipto pasó a un período histórico en el cual se descentralizó fuertemente el sistema político, siendo denominado por los historiadores primer período intermedio.

Historia del Imperio Antiguo

El Principio: III Dinastía

El primer faraón notable del Imperio Antiguo fue Dyeser, de la III Dinastía, que ordenó la construcción de una pirámide (la Pirámide Escalonada) en la necrópolis de Menfis, la actual Saqqara. La persona más importante durante el reinado de Dyeser fue su chaty, Imhotep. Durante este período, los egipcios creían que la naturaleza del tiempo era cíclica, y el faraón debía asegurar la estabilidad de aquellos ciclos. También se consideraban una gente especialmente elegida, "como los únicos seres humanos verdaderos sobre la Tierra".

El Apogeo: IV Dinastía

Gran Pirámide de Guiza.
La Gran Esfinge de Guiza.

Los faraones de la Dinastía IV alcanzaron el cénit del Imperio Antiguo, que comenzó con el faraón Seneferu, quien construyó tres pirámides: la pirámide ahora derruida de Meidum, la Pirámide acodada de Dahshur, y la Pirámide Roja, al norte de Dahshur. Utilizó una masa mayor de piedras que cualquier otro faraón.

Seneferu fue sucedido por su hijo, Keops, quien construyó la Gran Pirámide de Guiza. La tradición posterior egipcia lo describe como un tirano cruel, que impuso el trabajo forzado a sus súbditos para erigir su pirámide. Después de la muerte de Keops es posible que surgieran disputas sucesorias entre sus hijos Dyedefra y Kefrén. Este último construyó la segunda pirámide y posiblemente la Gran Esfinge de Guiza.

Los últimos reyes de la IV Dinastía fueron Micerino, quien construyó la tercera mayor pirámide de Guiza, Shepseskaf y Dyedefptah.

Decadencia y colapso: V-VI Dinastías

La V Dinastía fue fundada por Userkaf, quien inició las reformas que debilitaron el poder del faraón y del gobierno central. La persona del faraón pasó de ser considerada el mismo dios Ra vivo, a serlo sólo como Hijo de Ra (lo que se constituiría en un título inherente a los faraones a partir de este momento); con esto, el monarca comenzó a depender de la casta sacerdotal, que ganó en poder e influencia. El mantenimiento de los cultos y la construcción de grandes monumentos dinamitaron las reservas económicas del Estado.

Los intereses comerciales de Egipto en mercancías como ébano, mirra, incienso, oro, cobre y otros metales útiles inspiraron a los antiguos egipcios a construir grandes barcos para navegar por mar abierto.

Ellos negociaron con Líbano para obtener cedro y viajaron por el mar Rojo hasta el Reino de Punt, ubicado en las actuales Etiopía y Somalia para obtener ébano, marfil y especias aromáticas. Los constructores de barcos de aquella época usaban cuerdas para trabar sus barcos.

Después de los reinados de Userkaf y Sahura, los poderosos nomarcas (gobernadores regionales) entablaron disputas entre ellos, que fueron cada vez a peor, minando la unidad y el gobierno central. También surgieron hambrunas.

El golpe final fue una severa sequía en la región de las fuentes del Nilo, causada por una drástica disminución de las lluvias entre 2200 y 2150 a. C., que a su vez evitó las inundaciones normales del Nilo. El resultado fue el colapso final del Imperio Antiguo después de décadas de hambre y disturbios. Una importante inscripción en la tumba de Anjtifi, uno de los nomarcas, durante el temprano Primer período intermedio, describe el estado lamentable del país después de las hambrunas.

El faraón y su corte

El faraón era considerado como un dios, heredero de los dioses que reinaron sobre la Tierra,[2]​ custodio de la justicia y el orden universal "Maat". Era el único que podía tener varias esposas legítimas y otras secundarias (concubinas), madres de los futuros reyes, visires[4]​ generalmente, sumos sacerdotes en los templos de Ra, Tot y Min, con derecho a ser enterrados junto al faraón, en pirámides menores o mastabas propias.

La sociedad

Estela de Shespy. Museo de Alejandría.

La necesidad de realizar grandes trabajos hidráulicos que regulasen las crecidas del Nilo obligó a crear una estructura organizativa cada vez más compleja que fue el germen del Estado centralizado egipcio.

La sociedad estaba jerarquizada en tres niveles:

  • Faraón: Depositario del derecho divino, se le atribuían todos los poderes por mediación de Horus.
  • Altos funcionarios: sumos sacerdotes y escribas.
  • Pueblo: campesinos, artesanos, entre otros.

Aunque la idea de un faraón opulento que sometía al pueblo se encuentra muy extendida, no es del todo exacta. Los faraones donaban una serie de derechos, estaba extendida la propiedad privada, existía la posibilidad de ascenso social y hasta que los cargos se hiciesen hereditarios. El faraón era propietario de hombres y tierras, teológicamente, pero en realidad la propiedad privada era un derecho con garantías jurídicas y legales, garantizada por el Estado si estaba registrada, existiendo censos bianuales de bienes muebles e inmuebles de la población:

He adquirido... mediante pago doscientas aruras de tierra... con buenas construcciones y bien equipada... Esto está escrito aquí de conformidad con el escrito real. Sus nombres están aquí de conformidad con el escrito real.
Autobiografía de Mechen. Daumas.

La población urbana

La población urbana se concentraba fundamentalmente en varias poblaciones del delta y el valle del Nilo. Los núcleos urbanos eran el motor ideológico de Egipto. Allí se asentaba el comercio, las clases altas y las élites cultas. Se constituyeron en centros culturales y religiosos. La ciudad más importante de esta época fue Menfis, la capital.


La población rural

Era la base de la economía. Asentada en poblaciones menores, estaba compuesta fundamentalmente por agricultores, ganaderos y trabajadores libres que recibían un salario en especie. La existencia de mercados implicaba que también entre ellos estuviera extendida la propiedad privada.

La administración

El escriba sentado. Museo del Louvre

El cargo más importante era el de visir, quien presidía la administración central, y era designado por el faraón. Disponía de su propio consejo: los jefes de misión. Presidía la corte de justicia como jefe de la Gran Casa de Justicia. También era el custodio de los archivos. Además dirigía la hacienda pública, que centralizaba los impuestos y los productos del campo, era el encargado de la agricultura y de la casa real.

En un rango inferior al de visir estaba el canciller del rey del Bajo Egipto, título que acabó siendo meramente honorífico; y el canciller del dios, encargado de las expediciones militares y comerciales. La justicia, prerrogativa real, disponía de un conjunto de leyes escritas (conocidas parcialmente por referencias), sin pena de muerte ni castigos cruentos. Era un derecho egipcio apelar en última instancia al rey.

El ministerio de agricultura se ocupaba de dos asuntos: campos y ganados. Nace la figura del arrendatario de una propiedad real. Los escribas: Existía un archivo al que se llamaba Casa de Vida en el cual se reunían todos los documentos relativos al funcionamiento de la ciudad. Entre los escribas se encontraba el jefe de los secretos, que se ocupaba de las cuestiones religiosas.

La administración provincial estaba basada en la figura del nomarca: "el que abre los canales", que era responsable de la irrigación, del rendimiento agrícola, recaudar impuestos y fijar los límites de las propiedades después de la inundación anual. En esta época el número de nomos fue de 38 o 39.[5]

Arquitectura

Pirámides de Guiza. Litografía del s. XIX.

Los monumentos de esta época muestran la inteligencia y capacidad organizativa de los arquitectos para construirlos, unida a la destreza y habilidad de los artesanos egipcios, y pone de manifiesto el alto grado de esplendor que alcanzó la civilización egipcia.

Los complejos funerarios del Imperio Antiguo, constituidos en piedra, formaban parte de un conjunto en el que se disponían, normalmente, la pirámide principal, el templo funerario junto a la pirámide, un templo del valle con un embarcadero, y un camino procesional que comunicaba estos edificios. Se complementaban con pirámides subsidiarias, barcos solares en fosos, capillas, almacenes, etc. Eran extraordinarios espacios arquitectónicos ideados para realizar solemnemente las ceremonias de enterramiento.

Los faraones de la Dinastía III iniciaron la construcción de pirámides en Saqqara, en la ribera opuesta de la nueva capital, Menfis. El sabio y arquitecto Imhotep construyó para el faraón Dyeser (Zoser) el complejo funerario de Saqqara, por primera vez totalmente ejecutado en piedra, constituido por una pirámide escalonada, y un conjunto de templos simbólicos intercomunicados mediante patios. La pirámide escalonada del faraón Dyeser es el edificio más antiguo conservado de arquitectura monumental; erigido a modo de 6 mastabas superpuestas, es considerado la primera fase del desarrollo de las pirámides, que sustituyeron a las mastabas como tumbas reales o cenotafios.

Los faraones de la Dinastía IV erigieron monumentales pirámides. Seneferu fue el artífice de tres grandes pirámides, construyendo la primera pirámide clásica. Sus sucesores comenzaron el complejo funerario monumental de Guiza. Keops erigió la Gran Pirámide, de 146 metros de altura, conformada por unos 2,5 millones de bloques de piedra, la única de las siete maravillas del mundo que ha perdurado. Kefrén construyó una pirámide, algo menor, y Micerino levantó la tercera gran pirámide de Guiza, donde según la tradición fueron enterrados.

Los faraones de la Dinastía V erigieron en Saqqara complejos de pirámides más sencillos, peor ejecutados constructivamente, dedicando gran empeño en la erección de un nuevo tipo de edificios: los Templos Solares, reflejo de una nueva doctrina religiosa, la mística solar del clero de Heliópolis, abandonando las prácticas de los sacerdotes de Menfis.

Literatura

Textos de las Pirámides en la cámara sepulcral de Teti.

Los textos que nos han llegado de este periodo se clasifican en varios tipos:

Los textos religiosos, son los más antiguos que se conocen de esta época, y tienen relación con el Más Allá, la Duat, la vida después de la muerte física, describiendo qué deberá hacer el espíritu del faraón para conseguir la inmortalidad, el único egipcio que podía obtenerla.

Estos son los Textos de las Pirámides, un conjunto heterogéneo de himnos, conjuros y normas útiles, compilados por el clero menfita, para después de la muerte, en el viaje por la Duat, y grabados en el interior de las pirámides durante el Imperio Antiguo, aunque la procedencia de algunos textos sería predinástica, como el himno caníbal. Su evolución dará lugar a los Textos de los Sarcófagos, en el Imperio Medio, y el Libro de los Muertos, en el Imperio Nuevo.

Las lecciones sapienciales, textos pedagógicos con enseñanzas y consejos cívicos y morales, gestados en las Casas de Vida por los escribas, eran buenos ejemplos de retórica, como Las enseñanzas de Ptahhotep, Las enseñanzas para Kagemny, o Las enseñanzas de Hordyedef.

No estés orgulloso de tu saber, toma consejo tanto del ignorante como del sabio.
No se alcanzan los límites del arte y ningún artista posee la perfección total.
Una bella palabra está más escondida que la esmeralda, pero se la puede encontrar en la sirvienta que trabaja en el molino.
Las enseñanzas de Ptahhotep (Bresciani. Letteratura)

Los textos de carácter histórico, narrando acontecimientos e hitos de gran valor histórico, como la biografía de Neferseshemra, o los fragmentos de la Piedra de Palermo, con anales que incluyen reyes predinásticos. Los textos de carácter técnico, como los papiros, de carácter administrativo, hallados en los archivos del templo de Neferirkara, en Abusir. Se han encontrado también textos de teatro religioso, donde se escenificaban las aventuras del dios Horus.

Ciencia

Durante el Imperio Antiguo alcanzaron un desarrollo notable varias ciencias, tales como la aritmética y la geometría, por la necesidad de calcular correctamente las superficies de los campos, tras la inundación anual. También sabían calcular volúmenes, como el de la pirámide y el tronco de pirámide, problemas de imposible resolución sin una demostración racional previa. La construcción de los monumentos de esta época implica amplios conocimientos de estas ciencias. También la astronomía disfrutó de un avance significativo al organizar un calendario solar relacionado con los movimientos estelares, que les permitió orientar las inmensas pirámides con gran precisión.

La mayor parte de los textos médicos de épocas posteriores están redactados en egipcio antiguo, como posibles copias de este periodo, indicando el gran nivel alcanzado en medicina durante el Imperio Antiguo. El papiro Edwin Smith es un buen manual quirúrgico con diagnósticos racionales y prácticas recomendaciones. Además, de esta época hay inscripciones citando a dentistas, ginecólogos, traumatólogos, cardiólogos, etc. La farmacopea también se desarrolló ampliamente.

Cronología del Imperio Antiguo

Cronología estimada por los siguientes egiptólogos:

  • Primer faraón: Sanajt
    • 2740-2720 (Krauss)
    • 2688-2682 (Redford)
    • 2686-2667 (Shaw)
    • 2682-2665 (von Beckerath)
    • 2649-2630 (Allen)
    • 2647-2628 (Malek)
  • Último faraón: Nitocris:
    • 2205-2200 (Redford)
    • 2193-2191 (von Beckerath)
    • 2184-2181 (Shaw)
    • 2180 (Krauss) (Franke)
    • 2152-2150 (Allen)
    • 2141-2140 (Malek)

Cronograma

Dinastía VI de EgiptoDinastía V de EgiptoDinastía IV de EgiptoDinastía III de Egipto

Referencias

  1. We value your privacy We use cookies to enhance your browsing experience, serve personalized ads or content, and analyze our traffic. By clicking "Accept All", you consent to our use of cookies. Cookie Policy Skip to content Alison-Carter_Facilitator MEET THE TEAM Alison Carter SPEAKER, LEAD FACILITATOR & EXECUTIVE COACH Alison Carter draws on over 25-years of blue-chip corporate experience in senior financial and managerial roles in London and Sydney. Specialist Areas COMMUNICATION SKILLS LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT INFLUENCE RESILIENCE ENTREPRENEURSHIP STORYTELLING Alison’s experience spans 25-years of blue-chip corporate employment in senior financial and managerial roles in the UK and Australia, establishing several companies of her own and working as an NFP counsellor. She understands the importance of strong communication skills and financial acumen for leaders and strongly believes that operating with authenticity and empathy is critical in the future of work. Specialising in the areas of communication, leadership, influence and resilience, Alison Carter draws on over 25-years of blue-chip corporate experience in senior financial and managerial roles in London and Sydney. Originally training as a Chartered Accountant with PricewaterhouseCoopers she then worked for a variety of companies including Nestle, MLC, Lend Lease, GPT and Babcock & Brown. Roles she has undertaken have spanned financial modelling and analysis, management accounting, project management/advisory and investor relations. Her experience is not limited to the big end of town though; her entrepreneurial spirit and passion to help others have supported her as she established several companies of her own, including a legal contracting consultancy. As well as coaching in the not-for-profit sector for two years. Hogan Leadership Assessment Accreditation Peter Berry, 2018 IECL accredited 2016 D.V. & S.A. Counselling Accreditation Lifeline, 2016 Member of the Chartered Accountants Institute of England & Wales Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) University of Oxford, 1983 – 1985 Alison was a great facilitator as she actively demonstrated the concepts throughout the program, was open to questions and provided effective feedback. Alison's pace, storytelling and ability to keep the participants engaged from start to finish were particularly good. Thank you, Alison. JONATHAN MILLEN | Senior Manager – Capability Tabcorp, Australia Ali's knowledge, application of the techniques, energy, commitment and research on participants was very impressive. CINDY BATCHELOR | Deputy CEO Australian Red Cross, Australia Ali is very engaging, we had a small group and she was able to keep everyone engaged over the 2-days. She is very good at expressing, providing good examples to explain the theory and provides good feedback to participants. KATHY GLEADHILL | Internal Audit & Risk Assurance Manager Collins Foods Limited, Australia Ali is great, full of energy, with awesome feedback to the group. A top facilitator. MARK KARLSON | Associate Director Gresham, Australia Alison was a great facilitator as she actively demonstrated the concepts throughout the program, was open to questions and provided effective feedback. Alison's pace, storytelling and ability to keep the participants engaged from start to finish were particularly good. Thank you, Alison. JONATHAN MILLEN | Senior Manager – Capability Tabcorp, Australia Ali's knowledge, application of the techniques, energy, commitment and research on participants was very impressive. CINDY BATCHELOR | Deputy CEO Australian Red Cross, Australia Ali is very engaging, we had a small group and she was able to keep everyone engaged over the 2-days. She is very good at expressing, providing good examples to explain the theory and provides good feedback to participants. KATHY GLEADHILL | Internal Audit & Risk Assurance Manager Collins Foods Limited, Australia Ali is great, full of energy, with awesome feedback to the group. A top facilitator. MARK KARLSON | Associate Director Gresham, Australia Alison was a great facilitator as she actively demonstrated the concepts throughout the program, was open to questions and provided effective feedback. Alison's pace, storytelling and ability to keep the participants engaged from start to finish were particularly good. Thank you, Alison. JONATHAN MILLEN | Senior Manager – Capability Tabcorp, Australia Ali's knowledge, application of the techniques, energy, commitment and research on participants was very impressive. CINDY BATCHELOR | Deputy CEO Australian Red Cross, Australia Ali is very engaging, we had a small group and she was able to keep everyone engaged over the 2-days. She is very good at expressing, providing good examples to explain the theory and provides good feedback to participants. KATHY GLEADHILL | Internal Audit & Risk Assurance Manager Collins Foods Limited, Australia Ali is great, full of energy, with awesome feedback to the group. A top facilitator. MARK KARLSON | Associate Director Gresham, Australia MEET THE REST OF THE TEAM Led by our expert trainers Internationally acclaimed speakers, corporate facilitators and coaches guide you through the course. Paul-Bindig_Facilitator-and-Coach PAUL BINDIG FACILITATOR & COACH A history in financial services working with high-performance teams informs the development and coaching work Colin does to support the success of corporate leaders. View Profile Michelle Atkinson Executive Coach MICHELLE ATKINSON EXECUTIVE COACH An inclusive, authentic coach and learning facilitator. Michelle is deeply experienced working 1:1 and virtually with leaders to empower and build performance. View Profile TIM CHILVERS PRINCIPAL, SPEAKER, LEAD FACILITATOR & EXECUTIVE COACH Accomplished facilitator with over 25-years of international experience leading commercial divisions banks in London and Australia View Profile Nachelle-Crowther_coach_Cjm NACHELLE CROWTHER COACH Nachelle has also been a leadership and entrepreneurial coach for the past 9-years supporting teams and helping them to connect, communicate and achieve tangible results. View Profile ANDREW LEE FACILITATOR & COACH Andrew has over 25 years of experience as a facilitator and coach helping organisations identify challenges and developing the capability to overcome them. View Profile Imtiyaz-Foolat IMTIYAZ FOOLAT FACILITATOR & COACH A talent UK facilitator who creates an open, diverse and trusted learning environment where real change can be achieved. View Profile Paul Mischel_Facilitator_Headshot PAUL MISCHEL FACILITATOR & COACH Paul is an experienced facilitator – teaching and designing training for organisations across Australia. Helping your team meet their goals. View Profile Rakesh Pankhania RAKESH PANKHANIA COACH & REGIONAL DIRECTOR, CLIENT PARTNERSHIPS: AUSTRALIA AND EUROPE A specialist in growing businesses at pace, Rakesh is also passionate about people. Helping others achieve their goals and see success. View Profile Eddy-Harrison-Lee-facilitator-and-coach-portrait EDDY HARRISON-LEE COACH A supportive and trusted coach with many years experience helping professionals in a variety of business sectors. View Profile Colin-James_Lead-facilitator COLIN JAMES CO-FOUNDER, SPEAKER, LEAD FACILITATOR & EXECUTIVE COACH World-renowned facilitator and keynote speaker Colin James will deeply engage and inspire at your next event. View Profile Erica-Bagshaw_Lead-Facilitator ERICA BAGSHAW CO-FOUNDER, SPEAKER, LEAD FACILITATOR, EXECUTIVE COACH A passionate educator, who cares deeply about shifting capability and driving change in your organisations View Profile Jason-Tebble_Facilitator_Website JASON TEBBLE COACH & FACILITATOR Jason’s coaching philosophy is to provide challenging coaching with care, in a non-directive way that works towards clear outcomes. View Profile Critter-Gilpin_Facilitator CRITTER GILPIN FACILITATOR, COACH & HEAD OF GLOBAL FACULTY Working in the education space helping organisations and individuals achieve key outcomes and positive growth for 18-years. View Profile ANNABEL MURPHY COACH Encouraging coach with international experience across a variety of industries that empowers her to connect and build rapport easily with participants. View Profile Elspeth-Mills-Rendall_Facilitator-and-Coach ELSPETH MILLS RENDALL FACILITATOR & COACH An ex barrister who is passionate about enhancing the communication, leadership and stakeholder relationship skills of participants. View Profile Dr-Darien-Cohen_Coach-and-Facilitator DR. DARIEN COHEN. PH.D COACH & FACILITATOR Dr. Cohen is actively engaged in the facilitation, training and development of staff and is committed to positioning team members to achieve success. View Profile Natasha Osmond-Dreyer_Facilitator and Coach NATASHA OSMOND-DREYER COO, FACILITATOR AND COACH Facilitator and Coach Natasha Osmond-Dreyer brings a wealth of corporate banking experience to her work. Supporting professionals to thrive. View Profile Dana Eisenstein Facilitator DANA EISENSTEIN FACILITATOR & COACH With a long career in leadership development, Dana creates a fun and inspiring learning experiences with real world skills application. View Profile Paul-Bindig_Facilitator-and-Coach PAUL BINDIG FACILITATOR & COACH A history in financial services working with high-performance teams informs the development and coaching work Colin does to support the success of corporate leaders. View Profile Michelle Atkinson Executive Coach MICHELLE ATKINSON EXECUTIVE COACH An inclusive, authentic coach and learning facilitator. Michelle is deeply experienced working 1:1 and virtually with leaders to empower and build performance. View Profile Ready to accelerate your success? Contact Us Latest tips from our blog AI And Technology In The Workplace – A Friend Or Foe To Soft Skills? Read More 7 Business Strengths (& Weaknesses) of Gen Z Read More TRAINING OPTIONS Face to Face Training Live Virtual Training 1:1 Coaching Online Training Keynotes & Masterclasses TRAINING SOLUTIONS FOR Emerging Leaders Managers Senior Leaders Sales Professionals Remote Teams Graduate Training SPECIALIST INDUSTRIES Banking Tech & IT Superannuation STAY IN THE KNOW Subscribe to our newsletter. Name(Juan - Gabriel ) First Name *JlGrPl First Last Name * PNVGR. CJLGR. PLBDJ. NVGJGRRP. NVYGJGRRL. Last Business Email(@roblosxnew155199) Business Email * Happy to hear from us?el sur de norte América Keep me updated with CJ6L content Linkedin Youtube The Colin James Method® – ©BYWWWCITYPNG.COMu.begokusam Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Terms of Business
  2. a b c Los dioses predecesores están inscritos en el Canon Real de Turín
  3. No hay unanimidad en la clasificación de los periodos de la historia del antiguo Egipto. Así, en el libro The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt se estima que el Imperio Antiguo comprende las dinastías IV a VIII.
  4. El término visir se emplea profusamente en textos que tratan del Antiguo Egipto para designar al primer ministro elegido por el faraón como máxima autoridad política.
  5. Padró: 2006, pag. 112.

Referencias digitales

Bibliografía

  • Cerqueiro, Daniel 2012. "Aegyptos fragmentos de una aegyptiaca recóndita". Buenos Aires:Ed.Peq.Ven. ISBN 978-987-9239-22-3.
  • Padró, Josep. Historia del Egipto Faraónico. Alianza Editorial, 1999 ISBN 84-206-8190-3
  • Serrano Delgado, José Miguel. Textos para la Historia Antigua de Egipto. 1993. Ediciones Cátedra, S.A. ISBN 84-376-1219-5
  • Gardiner, Alan. El Egipto de los Faraones, 1994. Ed. Laertes. ISBN 84-7584-266-6
  • Grimal, Nicolás. Historia del antiguo Egipto. Akal Ediciones. ISBN 84-460-0621-9
  • Trigger, B.G.; Kemp, B.J.; O’Connor, D.; Lloyd, A.B. Historia del Egipto Antiguo Ed. Crítica. ISBN 84-7423-838-2
  • Clayton, Peter A. Crónica de los Faraones. Ediciones Destino, 1996. ISBN 84-233-2604-7
  • Kemp, Barry J. El antiguo Egipto: Anatomía de una Civilización. 1992. Crítica, Grijalbo Mondadori, S.A. ISBN 84-7423-538-3

Enlaces externos


Periodo precedente Periodo Periodo siguiente
Periodo arcaico Imperio Antiguo
Dinastías: III - IV - V - VI
Primer Período Intermedio