Usuaria:Rosymonterrey/List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire

Los sultanes del Imperio otomano (en turco: Osmanlı padişahları) fueron en su totalidad miembros de la dinastía osmanlí (también llamada Casa de Osman) y gobernaron el imperio transcontinental desde sus inicios en 1299, hasta su disolución en 1922. En su apogeo, el Imperio otomano abarcó desde Hungría en el norte hasta Somalia en el sur y desde Argelia en el oeste hasta Irán en el este. Administrado al principio desde la ciudad de Bursa, la capital del imperio fue movida a Edirne en 1366 y luego a Constantinopla (actualmente conocida como Estambul) en 1453, después de que Mehmed II conquistó el Imperio bizantino.​

Los primeros años del Imperio otomano han sido objeto de diversas descripciones debido a la dificultad para distinguir los hechos de la leyenda; sin embargo, los académicos modernos coinciden en que su origen data de alrededor de 1299 y que su primer gobernante (y de quien deriva el nombre del imperio) fue Osman I, líder de la tribu Kayı de los turcos Oghuz.​ Fundó la dinastía epónima que sobrevivió durante seis siglos a través de los reinados de 36 sultanes. El imperio desapareció como consecuencia de la derrota de las Potencias Centrales con quienes se alió durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. La partición del imperio por los aliados victoriosos y la subsecuente Guerra de Independencia turca llevó a la abolición del sultanato en 1922 y al nacimiento de la moderna República de Turquía en 1923.​

#	Sultan	Portrait	Reigned from	Reigned until	Tughra	Notes
—	Emir Gazi Ertuğrul Bey ارطغرل غازی Amîr Ghazi - The Esquire (b. 1191 – d. 1281)		1230	1281	— ​	Son of Kaya Alp Oğlu Süleyman Şah and Haimā (Hayme) Ana; Reigned until his death.​ Father of Osman Ghazi and the elected leader of the Kayı clan of the Oghuz tribe.
—	Emir Gazi Osman Bey عثمان بن ارطغرل Amîr Fakhr ud-din Othman-Al Ghazi - The Esquire (b. 1258 – d. 1324)		1281	1299	— ​	Son of Ertuğrul Ghazi and Khālīma Khānūm; Elected by the Beys and Ghazis of the Kayı tribe as chief in succession to his father Ertuğrul Ghazi, and invested as Prince (Amir) by Âlâ ād-Dīn Kayqubad III, Sultan of The Anatolian Seljuq Sultanate of Rûm. Became an independent sovereign on the collapse of the Sultanate of Iconium on July 27, 1299.
Rise of Ottoman Empire (27 July 1299 – 20 July 1402)
1	Osman I GHAZI (The Warrior) BEY (The Esquire) KARA (lit. The Land or The Black for his bravery)		1299	1326	— ​	Son of Ertuğrul Ghazi and Khālîma Khānum; On 27 July 1299, declared his independence from the Anatolian Seljuk Empire. Reigned until his death.​
2	Orhan GHAZI (The Warrior) BEY (The Esquire)		1326	1362		Son of Osman I and Malhūn (Māl) Khātûn; Reigned until his death.​
3	Murad I HÜDAVENDİGÂR - Khodāvandgār (The God-like One) ŞEHÎD (Shāhīd) (Sultan, since 1383)		1362	15 June 1389		Son of Orhan and Nilūfer Khātûn; Reigned until his death; Killed on the battlefield at the Battle of Kosovo on June 15, 1389.​
4	Bayezid I YILDIRIM (The Thunderbolt)		15 June 1389	20 July 1402		Son of Murad I and Gül-Çiçek Khātûn; Captured on the battlefield at the Battle of Ankara (de facto end of reign); Died in captivity in Akşehir on 8 March 1403.​
Ottoman Interregnum (20 July 1402 – 5 July 1413)
5	Mehmed I ÇELEBİ (The Affable) KİRİŞÇİ (lit. The Bowstring Maker for his support)		5 July 1413	26 May 1421		Son of Bayezid I and Devlet Khātûn; Reigned until his death.​
6	Murad II KOCA (The Great)		25 June 1421	1444		Son of Mehmed I and Âminā (Emine) Khātûn;​ Abdicated of his own free will in favour of his son Mehmed II.​
7	Mehmed II FATİH (The Conqueror)		1444	1446		Son of Murad II and Hadice Âlime Hūmâ Khātûn;​ Surrendered the throne to his father after having asked him to return to power.​
—	Murad II KOCA (The Great)		1446	3 February 1451		Second reign; Forced to return to the throne following a Janissary insurgence;​ Reigned until his death.​
Growth of the Ottoman Empire (29 May 1453 – 11 November 1606)
—	Mehmed II FATİH (The Conqueror)		3 February 1451	3 May 1481		Second reign; Conquered Constantinople in 1453; Reigned until his death.​
8	Bayezid II VELÎ (The Saint)		19 May 1481	25 April 1512		Son of Mehmed II and Mükrîme (Sitt-î Mū’kārîmā) Khātûn; Abdicated; Died near Didymoteicho on 26 May 1512.​
9	Selim I YAVUZ (The Strong) Hadim'ul Haramain'ish-Sharifain (Servant of Mecca and Medina) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		25 April 1512	21 September 1520		Son of Bayezid II and Kül-Bahār Khātûn; Reigned until his death.​
10	Suleiman I MUHTEŞEM (The Magnificent) or KANÛNÎ (The Lawgiver) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		30 September 1520	6 or 7 September 1566		Son of Selim I and A’ishā Hafīzā (Ayşe Hafsa) Vâlidā Sultân; Reigned until his death.​
11	Selim II SARI (The Blond) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)'		29 September 1566	21 December 1574		Son of Suleiman I and Hürrem Sultan (Khūrrām or Kārimā); Reigned until his death.​
12	Murad III HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		22 December 1574	16 January 1595		Son of Selim II and Afîfe Nûr-Bānû Vâlidā Sultân; Reigned until his death.​
13	Mehmed III ADLÎ (The Just) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		27 January 1595	20 or 21 December 1603		Son of Murad III and Sâfiyā Vâlidā Sultân; Reigned until his death;​
Stagnation of the Ottoman Empire (11 November 1606 – 26 January 1699)
14	Ahmed I BAKHTÎ (The Fortunate) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)'		21 December 1603	22 November 1617		Son of Mehmed III and Handan Vâlidā Sultân; Reigned until his death.​
15	Mustafa I DELİ (The Deranged) 'HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		22 November 1617	26 February 1618		Son of Mehmed III and Fûlâne Valide Sultan; Deposed due to his non-syndromic mental retardation in favour of his young nephew Osman II.​
16	Osman II GENÇ (The Young) ŞEHÎD (Shāhīd) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		26 February 1618	19 May 1622		Son of Ahmed I and Mâh-Firûze Hadice (Khadija) Vâlidā Sultân; Deposed in a Janissary riot on 19 May 1622; Murdered on 20 May 1622 by the Grand Vizier Kara Davud Paşa (Black Da'ud Pasha) from compression of his testicles.​
—	Mustafa I DELİ (The Deranged) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		20 May 1622	10 September 1623		Second reign; Returned to the throne after the assassination of his nephew Osman II; Deposed due to his syndromic mental retardation and confined until his death in Istanbul on 20 January 1639.​
17	Murad IV SAHİB-Î KIRAN The Conqueror of Baghdad GHAZI (The Warrior) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)'		10 September 1623	8 or 9 February 1640		Son of Ahmed I and Mâh-Peyker Kösem Vâlidā Sultân; Reigned until his death.​
18	Ibrahim DELİ (The Deranged) The Conqueror of Crete ŞEHÎD (Shāhīd) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		9 February 1640	8 August 1648		Son of Ahmed I and Mâh-Peyker Kösem Vâlidā Sultân; Deposed on 8 August 1648 in a coup led by the Sheikh ul-Islam; Strangled in Istanbul on 18 August 1648​ at the behest of the Grand Vizier Mevlevî Mehmed Paşa (Sofu Mehmed Pasha).
19	Mehmed IV AVCI (The Hunter) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		8 August 1648	8 November 1687		Son of Ibrahim and Turhan Hadice (Khadija) Vâlidā Sultân; Deposed on 8 November 1687 following the Ottoman defeat at the Second Battle of Mohács; Died in Edirne on 6 January 1693.​
20	Suleiman II GHAZI (The Warrior) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		8 November 1687	22 June 1691		Son of Ibrahim and Sâliha Dil-Âşûb (Dilâshûb) Vâlidā Sultân; Reigned until his death.​
21	Ahmed II KHAN GHAZI (The Warrior Prince) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		22 June 1691	6 February 1695		Son of Ibrahim and Hatice (Khadija) Mû’azzez İkinci Haseki Sultân; Reigned until his death.​
22	Mustafa II GHAZI (The Warrior) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		6 February 1695	22 August 1703		Son of Mehmed IV and Mâh-Pârā Ummetullah (Emetullah) Râbi’a Gül-Nûsh (Gül-Nûş) Vâlidā Sultân; Deposed on 22 August 1703 by reason of the Janissary uprising known as the Edirne Event; Died in Istanbul on 8 January 1704.​
Decline of the Ottoman Empire (26 January 1699 – 9 January 1792)
23	Ahmed III Tulip Era Sultan GHAZI (The Warrior) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		22 August 1703	1 or 2 October 1730		Son of Mehmed IV and Mâh-Pârā Ummetullah (Emetullah) Râbi’a Gül-Nûsh (Gül-Nûş) Vâlidā Sultân; Deposed in consequence of the Janissary rebellion led by Patrona Halil; Died on 1 July 1736.​
24	Mahmud I GHAZI (The Warrior) KAMBUR (The Hunchback) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		2 October 1730	13 December 1754		Son of Mustafa II and Sâliha Sebkat-î Vâlidā Sultân; Reigned until his death.​
25	Osman III SOFU (The Devout) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		13 December 1754	29 or 30 October 1757		Son of Mustafa II and Şâh-Süvar (Shah-Sûvar) Vâlidā Sultân; Reigned until his death.​
26	Mustafa III YENİLİKÇİ (The First Innovative) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		30 October 1757	21 January 1774		Son of Ahmed III and Âminā Mehr-î-Shâh (Emine Mihr-î-Şâh) İkinci Kadın Efendi; Reigned until his death.​
27	Abdülhamid I Abd ūl-Hāmīd (The Servant of God) ISLAHATÇI (The Improver) GHAZI (The Warrior) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		21 January 1774	6 or 7 April 1789		Son of Ahmed III and Râbi’a Sharm-î (Şerm-î) Kadın Efendi; Reigned until his death.​
Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire​ (9 January 1792 – 1 November 1922)
28	Selim III BESTEKÂR (The Composer) NİZÂM-Î (Regulative - Orderly) ŞEHÎD (Shāhīd) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		7 April 1789	29 May 1807		Son of Mustafa III and Mehr-î-Shâh (Mihr-î-Şâh) Vâlidā Sultân; Deposed as a result of the Janissary revolt led by Kabakçı Mustafa against his reforms; Assassinated in Istanbul on 28 July 1808​ at the behest of Ottoman Sultan Mustafa IV.
29	Mustafa IV HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		29 May 1807	28 July 1808		Son of Abdülhamid I and Bash Iqbal Nushatzaza (Nüzhet-Zâdāh / Nükhet-Sedâ) Khānūm Effendi; Deposed in an insurrection led by Alemdar Mustafa Pasha; Executed in Istanbul on 17 November 1808​ by order of Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II.
30	Mahmud II İNKILÂPÇI (The Reformer) GHAZI (The Warrior) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		28 July 1808	1 July 1839		Son of Abdülhamid I and Naksh-î-Dil (Nakş-î-Dil) Haseki Vâlidā Sultân (adoptive mother of Mahmud II); Disbanded the Janissaries in consequence of the Auspicious Event in 1826; Reigned until his death.​
31	Abdülmecid I TANZİMÂTÇI (The Strong Reformist or The Advocate of Reorganization) GHAZI (The Warrior) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		1 July 1839	25 June 1861		Son of Mahmud II and Bezm-î-Âlem Vâlidā Sultân; Proclaimed the Hatt-ı Sharif (Imperial Edict) of Gülhane (Tanzimât Fermânı) that launched the Tanzimat period of reforms and reorganization on 3 November 1839 at the behest of reformist Grand Vizier Great Mustafa Rashid Pasha; Accepted the Islâhat Hatt-ı Hümayun (Imperial Reform Edict) (Islâhat Fermânı) on 18 February 1856; Reigned until his death.​
32	Abdülaziz I BAHTSIZ (The Unfortunate) ŞEHÎD (Shāhīd) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		25 June 1861	30 May 1876		Son of Mahmud II and Pertav-Nihâl (Pertevniyâl) Vâlidā Sultân; Deposed by his ministers; Found dead (suicide or murder) five days later.​
33	Murad V HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		30 May 1876	31 August 1876		Son of Abdülmecid I and Shāvk-Efzâ (Şevk-Efzâ) Vâlidā Sultân; Deposed due to his efforts to implement democratic reforms in the empire; Ordered to reside in Çırağan Palace where he died on 29 August 1904.​
34	Abdülhamid II Ulû Sultân Abd ūl-Hāmīd Khan (The Sublime Khan) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		31 August 1876	27 April 1909		Son of Abdülmecid I and Tîr-î-Müjgan Üçüncü Kadın Efendi; and later the adoptive son of Rahime Perestû (Piristû) Vâlidā Sultân (adoptive mother of Abdul Hamid II). Reluctantly allowed the First Constitutional Era on 23 November 1876 and then suspended it and reverted to personal rule on 13 February 1878; Forced to restore the Second Constitutional Era on 3 July 1908; Deposed after the 31 March Incident (on 13 April 1909); Confined to Beylerbeyi Palace where he died on 10 February 1918.​
35	Mehmed V REŞÂD (Rashād) (The True Path Follower) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		27 April 1909	3 July 1918		Son of Abdülmecid I and Gül-Cemâl Dördüncü Kadın Efendi; Reigned as a figurehead of Mehmed Talât, İsmail Enver, and Ahmed Cemal (Djemal) Pashas until his death.​
36	Mehmed VI VAHDETTİN (Wāhīd ād-Dīn) (The Unifier of Religion (Islam) or The Oneness of Islam) HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		4 July 1918	1 November 1922		Son of Abdülmecid I and Gül-İstü (Gülistan Münire) Dördüncü Kadın Efendi; Sultanate abolished; Left Istanbul on 17 November 1922; Died in exile in Sanremo, Italy on 16 May 1926.​
Republican Caliphate ( 1 November 1922 – 3 March 1924 )
—	Abdülmecid II HALİFE (Caliph of Islam)		18 November 1922	3 March 1924	— ​	Son of Abdülaziz I and Hayrân-î-Dil Kadın Efendi;​ Elected caliph by the TBMM; Exiled after the abolition of the caliphate;​ Died in Paris, France on 23 August 1944.​