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Diegusjaimes (discusión · contribs.)
330 104 ediciones
m Revertidos los cambios de 201.246.114.193 a la última edición de Diegusjaimes
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{{Ficha de género musical
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|género = <font color=white>Rap</font>
|color = black
|origen musical = [[Griot]] ([[África]]), [[Dancehall|Dancehall jamaicano]]([[Ragga]]), [ [[Funk]], [[Música disco|disco]], [[Reggae]], [[rapsoda]]s ([[Antigua Grecia]]).
|origen cultural = Finales de los [[Años 1960|60]]/principios de los [[Años 1970|70]]; [[Bronx|South Bronx]], [[Nueva York]]
|instrumentos = [[Turntablism|Djing]], [[Caja de ritmos]], [[Sampler]], [[Sintetizador]], [[Beatboxing]], [[Instrumentos de percusión|percusión]], en ocasiones [[Teclado electrónico|Teclados]]
|popularidad = [[1979]] - actualidad
|subgéneros = [[Abstract]] - [[Acid]] - [[Alternative]] - [[Chopped and screwed]] - [[Christian hip hop|Christian]] - [[Conscious hip hop|Conscious]] - [[Crunk-style rap|Crunk]] - [[Freestyle rap]] -[[Gangsta rap|Gangsta]] - [[G-funk]] - [[Hardcore]] - [[Horrorcore]] - [[Hyphy]] - [[Instrumental]] - [[Jazz rap]] - [[Latin rap]] - [[Mobb Music|Mobb]] - [[Nerdcore]] - [[Old school rap|Old school]] - [[Pop rap]] - [[Snap]] - [[Darkness depresivo]] - [[Reflexivo]] - [[ Poetico ]] - [[ rap-soda ]] - [[Rap Mbalax]]
|fusiones = [[Country rap]] - [[Electro hop]] - [[Freestyle]] - [[Hip house]] - [[Hip life]] - [[Ghettotech]] - [[Gangsta rap]] - [[Hip hop soul]] - [[Miami bass]] - [[Neo soul]] - [[New jack swing]] - [[Ragga]] - [[Rapcore]] - [[Urban Pasifika]]
|enlaces = [[:Categoría:Hip hop]]
Géneros regionales: [[East Coast rap|East]] - [[West Coast rap|West]] - [[Southern rap|South]] - [[Midwest rap|Midwest]] - [[Memphis rap|Memphis]] <br />
Enlaces: [[Beatboxing]], [[Breakdance]], [[Disc jockey]], [[Turntablism]], [[Grafiti|Graffiti]], [[Hip-Hop]], [[Anexo:Lista de géneros de hip hop|Subgéneros]] </small>
}}


El '''rap''' (también conocido en [[idioma inglés|inglés]] como ''emceeing'') es un tipo de [[Sprechgesang]] o recitación [[ritmo|rítmica]] de [[rima]]s, [[juegos de palabras]] y [[poesía]] surgido a mediados del [[siglo XX]] entre la comunidad [[Negro (animal)|negra]] de los [[Estados Unidos]]. Es uno de los cuatro pilares fundamentales de la cultura [[hip hop]], de ahí que a menudo también se lo llame [[metonimia|metonímicamente]] (y de forma imprecisa) ''hip hop''. Aunque puede interpretarse ''[[a capella]]'', el rap va normalmente acompañado por un fondo musical rítmico conocido con la voz inglesa ''beat''. Los intérpretes de rap son los [[Maestro de ceremonias (Hip hop)|MC]], sigla en inglés de "maestro de ceremonias".
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wait usage: wait [milliseconds]
wait ?
printreturn This command changes the text color back to normal after its used.
printcolor usage: printcolor [text] [fgcolor] [bgcolor]
printcolor Error #b2eGI 0 getinput
genrandom usage: genrandom [max number]
Error #b2eGR Y@genrandom
lessthan usage: lessthan [number 1] [number 2]
Returns a 1 if [number1] is less than [number2] else returns a 0 Error #b2eLT lessthan
add usage: add [number 1] [number 2]
Error #b2eM %s
set result= add
locate usage: locate [row] [column]
locate
paintscreen usage: paintscreen [integer COLOR]
cls paintscreen showself ConsoleWindowClass hideself clearcolor pause
changecolor usage: changecolor [fgcolor] [bgcolor]
changecolor The result will be stored in the variable %%result%%
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== Nombre ==
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La palabra [[polisemia|polisémica]] "rap" [[Alfabeto Fonético Internacional|/ræp/]] aparece en el [[inglés británico]] durante el [[siglo XVI]] y a partir del [[siglo XVIII|XVIII]] se emplea como [[sinónimo]] del verbo "decir". A mediados del [[siglo XX]] se comienza a utilizar como equivalente de "conversar" en el dialecto del inglés hablado por los [[afroamericano]]s de [[Estados Unidos]] y de ahí pasa a usarse para designar al estilo musical.<ref>{{cita web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=rap|editorial=Online Etymology Dictionary|título="Rap"|idioma=inglés|fechaacceso=10-05-2009}}</ref><ref>Safire, William (1992). ON LANGUAGE; The rap on hip-hop. [[The New York Times Magazine]]</ref>
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wait usage: wait [milliseconds]
wait ?
printreturn This command changes the text color back to normal after its used.
printcolor usage: printcolor [text] [fgcolor] [bgcolor]
printcolor Error #b2eGI 0 getinput
genrandom usage: genrandom [max number]
Error #b2eGR Y@genrandom
lessthan usage: lessthan [number 1] [number 2]
Returns a 1 if [number1] is less than [number2] else returns a 0 Error #b2eLT lessthan
add usage: add [number 1] [number 2]
Error #b2eM %s
set result= add
locate usage: locate [row] [column]
locate
paintscreen usage: paintscreen [integer COLOR]
cls paintscreen showself ConsoleWindowClass hideself clearcolor pause
changecolor usage: changecolor [fgcolor] [bgcolor]
changecolor The result will be stored in the variable %%result%%
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En ocasiones se propone también como [[etimología]] alternativa que la palabra se trata de un [[acrónimo]] de ''Rhythm and Poetry'' ("ritmo y poesía") o incluso un [[apócope]] de ''rapid'' ("rápido").
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wait usage: wait [milliseconds]
wait ?
printreturn This command changes the text color back to normal after its used.
printcolor usage: printcolor [text] [fgcolor] [bgcolor]
printcolor Error #b2eGI 0 getinput
genrandom usage: genrandom [max number]
Error #b2eGR Y@genrandom
lessthan usage: lessthan [number 1] [number 2]
Returns a 1 if [number1] is less than [number2] else returns a 0 Error #b2eLT lessthan
add usage: add [number 1] [number 2]
Error #b2eM %s
set result= add
locate usage: locate [row] [column]
locate
paintscreen usage: paintscreen [integer COLOR]
cls paintscreen showself ConsoleWindowClass hideself clearcolor pause
changecolor usage: changecolor [fgcolor] [bgcolor]
changecolor The result will be stored in the variable %%result%%
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== Flow ==
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La palabra inglesa ''flow'' ("flujo") se utiliza para referirse a los ritmos ([[cadencia]]) creados por palabras y sílabas por encima del ''beat'',<ref>Kool Moe Dee, 2003, ''There's A God On The Mic: The True 50 Greatest MCs'', Thunder's Mouth Press, inside cover, p. 10, 17 (en inglés)</ref><ref>Krims, Adam, 2001, ''Rap Music And The Poetics Of Identity'', Cambridge University Press, p. 48 (en inglés)</ref> así como la interacción del esquema o patrón de rimas con el ritmo de fondo.<ref>Krims, Adam, 2001, ''Rap Music And The Poetics Of Identity'', Cambridge University Press, p. 49.</ref> A veces se consideran parte del ''flow'' matices tales como la [[Altura (música)|altura]], el [[Timbre musical|timbre]] y el [[Volumen (sonido)|volumen]].<ref>Krims, Adam, 2001, ''Rap Music And The Poetics Of Identity'', Cambridge University Press, p. 44 (en inglés)</ref>
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== Características ==
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{{referencias}}
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El compás del rap suele ser de cuatro por cuatro. En su esencia rítmica, las canciones de rap, en lugar de un compás de 4/4 (como en otros estilos musicales, donde la canción sigue el golpe), se basa en un conteo de 3, similar a un "swing" encontrado en los golpes del [[jazz]]. Sin embargo, en el rap se toma este concepto un paso más allá. Mientras que el ritmo del jazz implica notas de tres octavos (un trío) por golpe, en el rap es el doble: 6/16 (un "doble trío") por golpe. Como el énfasis es mayor, frecuentemente se toca (o se compone) en una forma relajada.
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== Formas musicales tradicionales similares ==
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* ''' [[Décimas]] ''' en [[Perú]] y [[Cuba]].
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* ''' [[Payada]] ''' en [[Uruguay]] y [[Argentina]].
‰ÇWèô� ƒÄ�‹}�ÿw�èV� ƒÄ�‰Ç�¿ÿkÿdWè�óÿÿƒÄ�PÛ�$ƒÄ�ݝ€ùÿÿh�‚C ½óýÿÿWèØ� ƒÄ�Ý…€ùÿÿÜ5@C ‰ÇèÆ� —ƒÇ�WWÛ�$Ý�$èÐñÿÿƒÄ�‰ÇWè0óÿÿƒÄ�P½óýÿÿWè~� ƒÄ�h{ƒC hvhC èô
* ''' [[Versolari|Bertsolaris]] ''' en [[Euskal Herria]] ([[España]] y [[Francia]]).
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* ''' [[Regueifa]] ''' en las provincias de [[Galicia]] (España).
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* ''' [[Glosa]] ''' en las [[Islas Baleares]] (España).
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== Referencias ==
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== Bibliografía ==
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* ''Arbeitstexte für den Unterricht: Rap-Texte'', Reclam Verlag, ISBN 3-15-015050-7 (en alemán).
ƒÄ�ƒø �…ë ½ìùÿÿWè.

ƒÄ�hcƒC ½ìùÿÿWè†
[[Categoría:Rap]]
ƒÄ�ƒø u�hý€C ½ìùÿÿWèy

ƒÄ�h�‚C ½óýÿÿWèe
[[als:Rap]]
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[[ar:راب]]
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[[ast:Rap]]
ƒÄ�j�èO� ƒÄ�ÿµäûÿÿ½óýÿÿWè^� ƒÄ�ÿµäûÿÿè8� ƒÄ�j è"� ƒÄ�‹}�ÿw�è`òÿÿƒÄ�‰Çhå€C Wè � ƒÄ�ƒø �…�� ƒ}���ŒÌ ‹}�Áç�ƒï�‹u�ÿ4>èÎ� ƒÄ�‰Ç‹u�Áæ�ƒî�‹]�ÿ43èµ� ƒÄ�‰ÆVWÿ5fhC èhôÿÿƒÄ�hcƒC ½óýÿÿWèC� ƒÄ�ÇEü� ë5ƒ}ü�t�hgƒC ½óýÿÿWè�� ƒÄ�‹}ü‹u�ÿ4¾½óýÿÿWèð� ƒÄ�ÿEü‹}�ƒï�9}ü|À½óýÿÿWè‹� ƒÄ�j j�ÿ5fhC èêóÿÿƒÄ�j è'� ƒÄ�ëCj j�ÿ5fhC èÌóÿÿƒÄ�h«€C èN� ƒÄ�hg€C èA� ƒÄ�h¾‚C èÄ� ƒÄ�j�èâ
[[be:Рэп]]
ƒÄ�‹}�ÿw�è ñÿÿƒÄ�‰Çh[€C Wè`� ƒÄ�ƒø u�hY€C èú
[[be-x-old:Рэп]]
ƒÄ�j è¨
[[bg:Рап]]
ƒÄ�‹}�ÿw�èæðÿÿƒÄ�‰ÇµëûÿÿVWè$� ƒÄ�ƒø �…0� j j�ÿ5fhC è&óÿÿƒÄ�jBè§íÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWèû
[[br:Rap]]
ƒÄ�jrèíÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWèÉ
[[ca:RAP]]
ƒÄ�jaèsíÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWè¯
[[cs:Rap]]
ƒÄ�jnèYíÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWè•
[[da:Rap]]
ƒÄ�jdè?íÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWè{
[[de:Rap]]
ƒÄ�joè%íÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWèa
[[en:Rapping]]
ƒÄ�jnè�íÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWèG
[[eo:Repo]]
ƒÄ�j èñìÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWè-
[[et:Räpp]]
ƒÄ�jDè×ìÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWè�
[[eu:Rap]]
ƒÄ�jaè½ìÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWèù ƒÄ�jrè£ìÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWèß ƒÄ�jgè‰ìÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWèÅ ƒÄ�joèoìÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWè« ƒÄ�jpèUìÿÿƒÄ�P½XöÿÿWè© ƒÄ�jaè;ìÿÿƒÄ�P½XöÿÿWèw ƒÄ�juè!ìÿÿƒÄ�P½XöÿÿWè] ƒÄ�jsè�ìÿÿƒÄ�P½XöÿÿWèC ƒÄ�jeèíëÿÿƒÄ�P½XöÿÿWè) ƒÄ�jbèÓëÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè' ƒÄ�jrè¹ëÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèõ� ƒÄ�jaèŸëÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèÛ� ƒÄ�jnè…ëÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèÁ� ƒÄ�jdèkëÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè§� ƒÄ�joèQëÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè� ƒÄ�jnè7ëÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWès� ƒÄ�j@è�ëÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèY� ƒÄ�jbè�ëÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè?� ƒÄ�jdèéêÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè%� ƒÄ�jaèÏêÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè�� ƒÄ�jrèµêÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèñ� ƒÄ�jgè›êÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè×� ƒÄ�joèêÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè½� ƒÄ�j.ègêÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè£� ƒÄ�jcèMêÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè‰� ƒÄ�joè3êÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèo� ƒÄ�jmè�êÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèU� ƒÄ�½\÷ÿÿWèþ� ƒÄ�j èðéÿÿƒÄ�‰ÇWèé� ƒÄ�½`øÿÿWèÚ� ƒÄ�j
[[fa:رپ]]
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[[fi:Rap]]
è·éÿÿƒÄ�‰ÇWè°� ƒÄ�½XöÿÿWè1� ƒÄ�j èO� ƒÄ�‹}�ÿw�èìÿÿƒÄ�‰ÇhW€C WèÍ� ƒÄ�ƒø �…0� j j�ÿ5fhC èÏîÿÿƒÄ�jBèPéÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWè¤� ƒÄ�jrè6éÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWèr� ƒÄ�jaè�éÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWèX� ƒÄ�jnè�éÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWè>� ƒÄ�jdèèèÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWè$� ƒÄ�joèÎèÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWè
[[fr:Rap]]
� ƒÄ�jnè´èÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWèð� ƒÄ�j èšèÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWèÖ� ƒÄ�jDè€èÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWè¼� ƒÄ�jaèfèÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWè¢� ƒÄ�jrèLèÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWèˆ� ƒÄ�jgè2èÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWèn� ƒÄ�joè�èÿÿƒÄ�P½\÷ÿÿWèT� ƒÄ�jpèþçÿÿƒÄ�P½XöÿÿWèR� ƒÄ�jaèäçÿÿƒÄ�P½XöÿÿWè � ƒÄ�juèÊçÿÿƒÄ�P½XöÿÿWè�� ƒÄ�jsè°çÿÿƒÄ�P½XöÿÿWèì� ƒÄ�jeè–çÿÿƒÄ�P½XöÿÿWèÒ� ƒÄ�jbè|çÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèÐ� ƒÄ�jrèbçÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèž� ƒÄ�jaèHçÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè„� ƒÄ�jnè.çÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèj� ƒÄ�jdè�çÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèP� ƒÄ�joèúæÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè6� ƒÄ�jnèàæÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè�� ƒÄ�j@èÆæÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè�� ƒÄ�jbè¬æÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèè� ƒÄ�jdè’æÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèÎ� ƒÄ�jaèxæÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè´� ƒÄ�jrè^æÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèš� ƒÄ�jgèDæÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè€� ƒÄ�joè*æÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèf� ƒÄ�j.è�æÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèL� ƒÄ�jcèöåÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè2� ƒÄ�joèÜåÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWè�� ƒÄ�jmèÂåÿÿƒÄ�P½`øÿÿWèþ� ƒÄ�½\÷ÿÿWè§� ƒÄ�j è™åÿÿƒÄ�‰ÇWè’� ƒÄ�½`øÿÿWèƒ� ƒÄ�j
[[fy:Rap]]
èuåÿÿƒÄ�‰ÇWèn� ƒÄ�j
[[gd:Rap]]
è`åÿÿƒÄ�‰ÇWèY� ƒÄ�½XöÿÿWèÚ� ƒÄ�j èø� ƒÄ�‹}�ÿw�è6èÿÿƒÄ�‰ÇhR€C Wèv� ƒÄ�ƒø uuƒ}��u9èã ‰EüèÛ ‰Ç‹u�ÿv�è¦� ƒÄ�)Ç;}üs j�è�� ëÛj è˜� ƒÄ�ë6j j�ÿ5fhC è=êÿÿƒÄ�h0€C è¿� ƒÄ�h¾‚C èB� ƒÄ�j�è`� ƒÄ�1À_^[Éà U‰åƒÄôÙ}þf‹Eþ€Ì�f‰EüÙmüÛ]ôÙmþ‹EôÉà U‰åƒì�Ù}þf‹Eþ€Ì�f‰EüÙmüß}ìÙmþ‹Eì‹UðÉà ÿ%`‘C  ÿ%d‘C  ÿ%h‘C  ÿ%l‘C  ÿ%p‘C  ÿ%t‘C  ÿ%x‘C  ÿ%|‘C  ÿ%€‘C  ÿ%„‘C  ÿ%ˆ‘C  ÿ%Œ‘C  ÿ%˜‘C  ÿ%œ‘C  ÿ% ‘C  ÿ%¤‘C  ÿ%¨‘C  ÿ%¬‘C  ÿ%¸‘C  ÿ%¼‘C  ÿ%À‘C  ÿ%Ä‘C  ÿ%È‘C  ÿ%Ì‘C  ÿ%БC  ÿ%Ô‘C  ÿ%Ø‘C  ÿ%Ü‘C  ÿ%à‘C  ÿ%ä‘C  ÿ%è‘C  ÿ%ì‘C  ÿ%ð‘C  ÿ%ô‘C  ÿ%ø‘C  ÿ%ü‘C  ÿ% ’C  ÿ%�’C  ÿ%�’C  ÿ%�’C  ÿ%�’C  €
[[gl:Rap]]
wait usage: wait [milliseconds]
[[hu:Rap]]
wait ?
[[id:Rap]]
printreturn This command changes the text color back to normal after its used.
[[it:Musica rap]]
[[ja:ラップ]]
printcolor usage: printcolor [text] [fgcolor] [bgcolor]
[[ko:랩 (음악)]]
printcolor Error #b2eGI 0 getinput
[[ku:Rap]]
genrandom usage: genrandom [max number]
[[la:Rap]]
Error #b2eGR Y@genrandom
[[lt:Repas]]
lessthan usage: lessthan [number 1] [number 2]
[[mk:Рап]]
Returns a 1 if [number1] is less than [number2] else returns a 0 Error #b2eLT lessthan
[[nds:Rap]]
add usage: add [number 1] [number 2]
[[nl:Rap (muziekstijl)]]
Error #b2eM %s
[[no:Rapping]]
set result= add
[[pl:Rap]]
locate usage: locate [row] [column]
[[pt:Rap]]
locate
[[ro:Rap]]
paintscreen usage: paintscreen [integer COLOR]
[[ru:Рэп]]
cls paintscreen showself ConsoleWindowClass hideself clearcolor pause
[[sc:Musica rap]]
changecolor usage: changecolor [fgcolor] [bgcolor]
[[scn:Rap]]
changecolor The result will be stored in the variable %%result%%
[[sk:Rep (hudba)]]
\ %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s %s%s%s%s%s%s %s % .16g >nul del wb \a.txt ,”� `‘� Ž”� ¸‘� j”� ˜‘� �’� .’� >’� N’� ^’� l’� z’� Š’� –’� ®’� Ê’� ä’� ì’� ú’�
[[sl:Rap]]
“� �“� .“� B“� P“� `“� j“� t“� |“� „“� Ž“� –“� ž“� ¦“� °“� º“� “� Ê“� Ô“� Þ“� æ“� ð“� ú“� �”� �”� �”� "”� �’� .’� >’� N’� ^’� l’� z’� Š’� –’� ®’� Ê’� ä’� ì’� ú’�
[[sq:Rap]]
“� �“� .“� B“� P“� `“� j“� t“� |“� „“� Ž“� –“� ž“� ¦“� °“� º“� “� Ê“� Ô“� Þ“� æ“� ð“� ú“� �”� �”� �”� "”� GetModuleFileNameA GetStdHandle GetTempPathA GetTickCount GlobalAlloc GlobalLock GlobalUnlock RtlUnwind SetConsoleCursorInfo SetConsoleCursorPosition SetConsoleTextAttribute Sleep FindWindowA OpenClipboard CloseClipboard EmptyClipboard SetClipboardData ShowWindow __GetMainArgs _strlwr _strupr atol exit fclose fopen fputs gets memmove printf raise rand signal sprintf srand strcat strcmp strcpy strlen strncpy strtod system KERNEL32.DLL C C C C C C C C C C C C USER32.DLL �C �C �C �C �C �C CRTDLL.DLL (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C (C � 2 @ L �
[[stq:Rapmusik]]
[[sv:Rap]]
[[sw:Kurap]]
[[th:แร็ป]]
[[tr:Rap]]
[[uk:Реп]]
[[vec:Mùxega rap]]
[[wo:Rap]]
[[yi:ראפ מוזיק]]
[[zh:饒舌]]
[[zh-yue:饒舌]]

Revisión del 19:36 28 oct 2009

Rap
Orígenes musicales Griot (África), Dancehall jamaicano(Ragga), [ Funk, disco, Reggae, rapsodas (Antigua Grecia).
Orígenes culturales Finales de los 60/principios de los 70; South Bronx, Nueva York
Instrumentos comunes Djing, Caja de ritmos, Sampler, Sintetizador, Beatboxing, percusión, en ocasiones Teclados
Popularidad 1979 - actualidad
Subgéneros
Abstract - Acid - Alternative - Chopped and screwed - Christian - Conscious - Crunk - Freestyle rap -Gangsta - G-funk - Hardcore - Horrorcore - Hyphy - Instrumental - Jazz rap - Latin rap - Mobb - Nerdcore - Old school - Pop rap - Snap - Darkness depresivo - Reflexivo - Poetico - rap-soda - Rap Mbalax
Fusiones
Country rap - Electro hop - Freestyle - Hip house - Hip life - Ghettotech - Gangsta rap - Hip hop soul - Miami bass - Neo soul - New jack swing - Ragga - Rapcore - Urban Pasifika
[editar datos en Wikidata]

El rap (también conocido en inglés como emceeing) es un tipo de Sprechgesang o recitación rítmica de rimas, juegos de palabras y poesía surgido a mediados del siglo XX entre la comunidad negra de los Estados Unidos. Es uno de los cuatro pilares fundamentales de la cultura hip hop, de ahí que a menudo también se lo llame metonímicamente (y de forma imprecisa) hip hop. Aunque puede interpretarse a capella, el rap va normalmente acompañado por un fondo musical rítmico conocido con la voz inglesa beat. Los intérpretes de rap son los MC, sigla en inglés de "maestro de ceremonias".

Nombre

La palabra polisémica "rap" /ræp/ aparece en el inglés británico durante el siglo XVI y a partir del XVIII se emplea como sinónimo del verbo "decir". A mediados del siglo XX se comienza a utilizar como equivalente de "conversar" en el dialecto del inglés hablado por los afroamericanos de Estados Unidos y de ahí pasa a usarse para designar al estilo musical.[1]​[2]​

En ocasiones se propone también como etimología alternativa que la palabra se trata de un acrónimo de Rhythm and Poetry ("ritmo y poesía") o incluso un apócope de rapid ("rápido").

Flow

La palabra inglesa flow ("flujo") se utiliza para referirse a los ritmos (cadencia) creados por palabras y sílabas por encima del beat,[3]​[4]​ así como la interacción del esquema o patrón de rimas con el ritmo de fondo.[5]​ A veces se consideran parte del flow matices tales como la altura, el timbre y el volumen.[6]​

Características

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El compás del rap suele ser de cuatro por cuatro. En su esencia rítmica, las canciones de rap, en lugar de un compás de 4/4 (como en otros estilos musicales, donde la canción sigue el golpe), se basa en un conteo de 3, similar a un "swing" encontrado en los golpes del jazz. Sin embargo, en el rap se toma este concepto un paso más allá. Mientras que el ritmo del jazz implica notas de tres octavos (un trío) por golpe, en el rap es el doble: 6/16 (un "doble trío") por golpe. Como el énfasis es mayor, frecuentemente se toca (o se compone) en una forma relajada.

Formas musicales tradicionales similares

Referencias

  1. ↑ «"Rap"» (en inglés). Online Etymology Dictionary. Consultado el 10-05-2009. 
  2. ↑ Safire, William (1992). ON LANGUAGE; The rap on hip-hop. The New York Times Magazine
  3. ↑ Kool Moe Dee, 2003, There's A God On The Mic: The True 50 Greatest MCs, Thunder's Mouth Press, inside cover, p. 10, 17 (en inglés)
  4. ↑ Krims, Adam, 2001, Rap Music And The Poetics Of Identity, Cambridge University Press, p. 48 (en inglés)
  5. ↑ Krims, Adam, 2001, Rap Music And The Poetics Of Identity, Cambridge University Press, p. 49.
  6. ↑ Krims, Adam, 2001, Rap Music And The Poetics Of Identity, Cambridge University Press, p. 44 (en inglés)

Bibliografía

  • Arbeitstexte für den Unterricht: Rap-Texte, Reclam Verlag, ISBN 3-15-015050-7 (en alemán).
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