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* [http://www.clubsaabespana.com/ Club Saab España]
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* [http://www.saab.com.mx/ Saab México] - Sitio oficial de Saab en México
* [http://www.saab.com.mx/ Saab México] - Sitio oficial de Saab en México
* [http://www.saaberos.es/ Foro SAAB en español] - Foro SAABEROS en español


[[Categoría:Saab]]
[[Categoría:Saab]]

Revisión del 08:59 30 nov 2017

Este artículo o sección se está traduciendo desde otro idioma. Por esta razón, puede haber lagunas de contenidos, errores sintácticos o escritos sin traducir. Puedes colaborar con Wikipedia continuando con la traducción desde el artículo original.
SAAB
Otros nombres National Electric Vehicle Sweden SAAB.
Tipo Aktie Bolaget (AB)
Industria Automóvil
Forma legal Aktiebolag
Fundación 1945
Fundador Saab
Disolución 2016
Sede central Bandera de Suecia Trollhättan, Suecia
Productos automóvil
Ingresos Decrecimiento 693 millones de € (en 2010)[1]​
Beneficio neto Decrecimiento -331 millones de € (en 2010)[1]​
Empleados 3.200 (en 2011)[2]​[3]​
Empresa matriz National Electric Vehicle Sweden[4]​
Coordenadas 58°17′00″N 12°17′00″E / 58.2833, 12.2833
Sitio web website de SAAB
[editar datos en Wikidata]

Saab Automobile AB es un consorcio sueco fabricante de automóviles con sede en la ciudad de Trollhättan, Suecia. Saab ha enfocado sus fábricas a la producción de automóviles de gama alta, destacando principalmente por la fiabilidad de sus motores y la seguridad de sus vehículos.

En diciembre de 2014 se escucharon rumores de que la marca india Mahindra quería adquirir la marca sueca pero aún no hay nada fijo.Nada habra.El futuro de Saab sigue en la incertidumbre.

En 1989, la división automotriz de Saab-Scania se reestructuró en una compañía independiente, Saab Automobile AB. El fabricante norteamericano General Motors adquirió un 50% de la propiedad con una inversión de 600$ millones, y en 2000 ejerció su opción de adquirir el 50% restante por 125$ millones adicionales, convirtiendo Saab Automobile en una subsidiaria de GM. En 2010 GM vendió Saab Automobile AB al fabricante automovilístico holandés Spyker Cars N.V. [5]​

Saab 900 GLE-1984

After struggling to avoid insolvency throughout 2011, the company petitioned for bankruptcy following the failure of a Chinese consortium to complete a purchase of the company; the purchase had been blocked by the former owner GM, which opposed the transfer of technology and production rights to a Chinese company.[6]​ On June 13, 2012, it was announced that a newly formed company called National Electric Vehicle Sweden (NEVS) had bought Saab Automobile's bankrupt estate.[7]​ According to "Saab United", the first Nevs Saab 9-3 drove off its pre-production line on September 19, 2013.[8]​ Full production restarted Monday December 2,[9]​ initially the same gasoline-powered 9-3 Aero sedans that were built before Saab went bankrupt, and intended to get the automaker’s supply chain back up and running as it completes development of its new Nevs products.[10]​[11]​

Saab is the exclusive automobile Royal Warrant holder as appointed by the King of Sweden.[12]​

Historia

El Ursaab, el primer prototipo del Saab 92; el primer coche de serie producido por la firma Saab.

Svenska Aeroplan AB (1948–1969)

Saab AB, "Svenska Aeroplan AB (aktiebolaget)" (acrónimo en sueco para "Corporación Aeronáutica de Suecia"), era en sus inicios una firma dedicada al ramo de los equipos de aviación, defensa y a la industria aeroespacial. Fue creada en 1937 en la ciudad de Linköping. La compañía fue fundada en 1937 con el propósito expreso de construir aviones para la Swedish Air Force para afianzar la neutralidad del país en un momento en que Europa se encaminaba hacía la Segunda Guerra Mundial. A medida que la guerra se acercaba a su fin y el mercado de los aviones de combate parecía debilitarse, la compañía comenzó a buscar nuevos mercados en los que diversificarse. An automobile design project was started in 1945 with the internal name X9248.[13]​[14]​ The design project became formally known as Project 92; the 92 being next in production sequence after the Saab 91, a single engine trainer aircraft.[15]​ In 1948, a company site in Trollhättan was converted to allow automobile assembly and the project moved there, along with the car manufacturing headquarters, which has remained there since. The company made four prototypes named Ursaab or "original Saab", numbered 92001 through to 92004, before designing the production model, the Saab 92, in 1949.

Saab 96.--(1961)--

The Saab 92 went into production in December 1949,[16]​ selling 20,000 cars through the mid-1950s. The 92 was thoroughly redesigned and re-engineered in 1955, and accordingly was renamed the Saab 93. The car's engine gained a cylinder, going from two to three and its front fascia became the first to sport the first incarnation of Saab's trademark trapezoidal radiator grill. A wagon variant, the Saab 95, was added in 1959. The decade also saw Saab's first performance car, the Saab 94, the first of the Saab Sonetts.

1960 saw the third major revision to the 92's platform in the Saab 96. The 96 was an important model for Saab: it was the first Saab to be widely exported out of Sweden. It proved very popular, selling nearly 550,000 examples. Even more important to the company's fortunes was 1968's Saab 99. The 99 was the first all-new Saab in 19 years, and unlike its predecessors, severed all ties with the 92. The 99 had many innovations and features that would come to define Saabs for decades: wraparound windscreen, self-repairing bumpers, headlamp washers and side-impact door beams. The design by Sixten Sason was no less revolutionary than the underlying technology, and elements like the Saab "hockey stick" profile graphic continue to influence Saab design.

Saab-Scania (1969–1989)

Artículo principal: Saab-Scania
The Saab 99 was launched in 1969 as an all-new design

In 1969, Saab AB merged with the Swedish commercial vehicle manufacturer Scania-Vabis AB to form Saab-Scania AB, under the Wallenberg family umbrella.

The 99 range was expanded in 1973 with the addition of a combi coupe model, a body style which became synonymous with Saab. The millionth Saab was produced in 1976.

Saab entered into an agreement with Fiat in 1978 to sell a rebadged Lancia Delta as the Saab 600 and jointly develop a new platform. The agreement yielded 1985's Saab 9000, sister to the Alfa Romeo 164, Fiat Croma and Lancia Thema; all rode atop a common Type Four chassis. The 9000 was Saab's first proper luxury car but failed to achieve the planned sales volume.

1978 also was the first year for the 99's replacement: the Saab 900. Nearly one million 900s would be produced, making it Saab's best-selling and most iconic model.[17]​ A popular convertible version followed in 1986, all of which were made at the Saab-Valmet factory in Finland, making up nearly 20% of 900 sales. Even today, the "classic 900" retains a cult following.

General Motors and Investor AB (1989–2000)

Saab 9-5

In 1989, the Saab car division of Saab-Scania was restructured into an independent company, Saab Automobile AB, headquartered in Sweden; General Motors and Investor AB controlled 50% each. GM's investment of US$600 million gave it the option to acquire the remaining shares within a decade. General Motors' involvement spurred the launch of a new 900 in 1994. The new car shared a platform with the Opel Vectra. Due in large part to its success, Saab earned a profit in 1995 for the first time in seven years. However, the model never achieved the cult following of the "classic 900" and did not achieve the same reputation for quality.

1997 marked Saab's 50th anniversary as an automaker. The company used its jubilee owners' convention to launch a replacement for the aging 9000: the Saab 9-5. The 900 received a facelift and renaming complementary to its new larger sibling: it would now be called the Saab 9-3. The 9-5 was the first Saab without a combi coupé body style option in 20 years. Filling that space was a wagon variant, introduced in 1999.

General Motors (2000–2010)

GM exercised its option to acquire the remaining Saab shares in 2000, spending US$125 million to turn the company into a wholly owned subsidiary.

The new close relationship yielded its first product in 2003's all-new 9-3. The new model, marketed as a sport sedan, dropped Saab's iconic hatchback in favour of a more conventional four-door approach. The model shared a co-developed platform (GM's "global Epsilon 1 platform") and some other components with the Opel Vectra again, but the relationship was much more of a joint engineering effort than before.

Under GM's direction, the badge-engineered Saab 9-2X (based on the Subaru Impreza) and Saab 9-7X (based on the Chevrolet Trailblazer) were introduced in the American market in 2005 with the hope of increasing sales. Both models were a critical and commercial failure and were cancelled a few years after production began. GM also delayed the 9-3 wagon by three years, shelved a hatchback derivative of the 9-3 sedan, stalled plans for all-wheel-drive capabilities in Saab models until 2008, cancelled a 9–5 replacement in 2005, and announced a planned shift of production away from Saab's historic home in Trollhättan to Opel's factory in Rüsselsheim.

Saab 9-3 sport combi

Owing to fading fortunes across its entire business, GM announced that the Saab brand was "under review" in December 2008, a process which included the possibility of selling or shuttering the car maker. Reportedly, 27 potential buyers emerged, including BMW, Fiat, Geely, Hyundai, Magna, Renault and Tata Motors; serious talks progressed with three bidders: the Swedish supercar maker Koenigsegg, Merbanco and Renco Group.[cita requerida]

As the talks progressed, GM's support receded, and Saab went into administration, the Swedish equivalent of America's Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Saab's managing director Jan-Åke Jonsson said that this was "the best way to create a truly independent entity that is ready for investment".[18]​ For its part, the Swedish government was reluctant to become involved, with Maud Olofsson, industry minister, stating: "The Swedish state and taxpayers in Sweden will not own car factories. Sometimes you get the impression that this is a small, small company but it is the world's biggest automaker so we have a right to make demands."[19]​

Saab Aero-X

On 16 June 2009, Koenigsegg, announced its intention to purchase the brand from GM.[18]​ The bid was backed by a group of Norwegian investors and the Chinese car maker Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Co Ltd (BAIC). The following month, both parties announced that GM had consented to the deal. There were outstanding financial details, but a loan from the European Investment Bank was expected to cover them. The loan was approved in October, but on November 24, 2009, Koenigsegg announced that it had "come to the painful and difficult conclusion that it could no longer carry out the acquisition."[20]​ much because of the constant delays and the difficulties coordinating the involved parties; GM, the European Investment Bank, the Swedish National Debt Office and BAIC.

It was announced on 14 December 2009 that the Chinese automaker would acquire the intellectual property rights and production equipment for the previous generation Saab 9-3 and Saab 9-5 in a deal worth about US$197 million, which was enough for the company to run for three months.[21]​[22]​ BAIC expressed its intention to create a new brand around the purchased technology and admitted to the purchase of "three overall vehicle platforms, two engine technologies and two transmission systems."[23]​

second generation Saab 9-5

Following the collapse of talks with Koenigsegg, GM announced that the brand would be eliminated in 2010 if it failed to secure a buyer before the close of 2009.[24]​ As talks with several firms failed, including the Netherlands-based boutique supercar maker Spyker, GM formally announced its intention to wind down the Saab brand.[25]​

Undeterred, a new offer round materialized. Earlier bidders Spyker and Merbanco revised their offers and were joined by a submission from Luxembourg-based Genii Capital, which boasted the support of F1 chief Bernie Ecclestone.[26]​ GM continued accepting bids until a self-imposed deadline of January 7, 2010. Acknowledging that the chances for reaching a deal with any party were very slim, they pledged to evaluate each offer with due diligence.[27]​[28]​

Spyker/Swedish Automobile (2010–2011)

Plantilla:Details

2010 – Purchase of Saab

On 26 January, General Motors (GM) confirmed that Spyker N.V. and GM had come to an agreement allowing Spyker to purchase Saab,[29]​ subject to regulatory and government approval; the sale was completed on February 23, 2010.[30]​ General Motors would continue to supply Saab with engines and transmissions, and also completed vehicles in the shape of the new Saab 9-4x from GM's Mexican factory. The deal included a loan from the European Investment Bank, guaranteed by the Swedish government. It comprised US$74m in cash up front, payable to GM by July 2010, and shares in Spyker to the tune of US$320m.

2011 – Bankruptcy

On February 25, Spyker Cars N.V. announced that it had agreed to sell the sports car arm to focus on Saab. Spyker intended to change its name, in May, to include the Saab name.[31]​

On 28 October, media reports stated that the Chinese carmaker Youngman and the Chinese automotive retailer Pang Da had agreed to a joint US$140 million takeover of Saab Automobile and its UK dealer network unit from Swedish Automobile, with Youngman and Pang Da taking 60 and 40 percent stakes respectively.[32]​[33]​[34]​

On 6 December, GM announced that it would not continue its licenses to GM patents and technology to Saab if the company was sold to Pang Da and Zhejiang Youngman, stating that the new owner's use of the technology is not in the best interest of GM investors. This was somewhat ironic since most of the patents in question were Saab's in origin but surrendered to GM's ownership back in 2000.[35]​ Because of this, Saab started working on a new proposal which would not change the original ownership structure and would not include a Chinese partner as an owner of the company, but instead as a 50% owner of a new daughter company.

On 19 December 2011, with no alternatives left after GM continued to block any form of involvement with a Chinese partner, Saab officially filed for bankruptcy after a three-year fight for survival. Under Sweden's bankruptcy laws, a party that files for bankruptcy can be bought out of bankruptcy.

On 16 April 2012, a meeting on Saab’s bankruptcy was held at the District Court of Vänersborg.[36]​ The official receivers in charge of the Saab liquidation valued the assets at us$500m and the debt at US$2,000m. After subtracting the value of the assets, Saab leaves a debt of US$1,500m.[37]​

2012 – $3 billion damages claim

On 6 August 2012, Spyker, represented by the law firm Patton Boggs, filed a lawsuit against General Motors in the United States District Court of the Eastern District of Michigan claiming US$3 billion in damages for the actions GM took in the fall of 2011 to stop the various proposed deals between Spyker and Youngman concerning Saab Automobile where Youngman claimed to be ready to invest several billion dollars in Saab Automobile to guarantee its future. More precisely, under the Automotive Technology License Agreement (ATLA) between GM Global Technology Operations Inc (GTO) and Saab, GM refused licensing of the platforms and technology in Saab cars if any Chinese party were to be involved in Saab's ownership structure.

To solve this issue, Spyker and Youngman came up with a deal where Youngman would provide Saab with a loan of €200 million which would be converted into an equity interest in Saab only after Saab ceased using GM technology in its vehicles. Despite this, GM maintained that it would still refuse licensing of platforms and technology needed for production of Saab cars in Trollhättan and also threatened to cease 9-4X production at GM's plant in Mexico, should the deal go through.

Consequently, the deal finally collapsed and Saab was forced to file for bankruptcy. According to Spyker, the actions taken by GM were not legal. Since Saab had been in receivership since the bankruptcy, and would be until the deal with Nevs was closed, Spyker and the receivers of Saab Automobile had entered into an agreement where Spyker would bear the costs of the litigation in exchange for 90% of the claim if the case is successful.[38]​[39]​[40]​[41]​

2013 - Claim dismissed

In June 2013, the district court dismissed the lawsuit, ruling that General Motors was within its rights to block the sale.[42]​

National Electric Vehicle Sweden (2012–)

Véase también: National Electric Vehicle Sweden
Saab 9-3 Aero Sedan MY14 in silver colour

El 13 de junio de 2012, en una rueda de prensa, se anunció que la mayoría de los activos en uso de la antigua Saab Automobile AB, así como sus filiales Saab Automobile Powertrain AB y Saab Automobile Tools AB y la planta de producción de la Saab habían sido adquiridas por una firma inversora china llamada National Electric Vehicle Sweden (NEVS).[43]​ Saab Automobile Parts AB no fue incluida en el acuerdo de compra y la Oficina Nacional Sueca de Deudores continuará siendo su propietaria hasta que un mejor postor aparezca.[44]​ El plan de la sociedad NEVS era el de producir únicamente automóviles de propulsión eléctrica, comenzando con una versión de dicha motorización para el modelo Saab 9-3, y posteriormente continuar con el desarrollo del reemplazo de dicho modelo, el Phoenix. GM continued to refuse licensing of the technology in the Saab 9-5 and 9-4X, so these models would not be produced. The rights to use of the Saab trademark had not yet been granted by Saab AB and Scania AB and negotiations on that matter continued.[45]​[46]​

On 26 August 2012, Scania AB let the Swedish press know that the griffin logo used in both Scania's and Saab Automobile's trademark would not be allowed for use on future Saab cars with Nevs as the owner of Saab Automobile. Scania believed the logo is of high value in China and feared that it would end up in the wrong hands through the Chinese interests behind Nevs.[47]​

On 3 September 2012, Nevs announced that it had finalized the acquisition of Saab Automobiles assets. Nevs would be able to use the name Saab on future cars but not the griffin logo. Production of the 9-3 would initially focus on a turbo-charged petrol variant, but an electric version - initially aimed at the Chinese market - would start production in 2014.[48]​

On 8 January 2013, Nevs announced a deal with Qingdao Qingbo Investment Co, Ltd, for a 22% stake in the company. In return, Nevs/Saab would receive SEK 2bn, along with a production facility for models sold in China. Cars sold in North America and most of Europe would continue to be made in Trollhättan, Sweden. The possibility of using Fiat/Chrysler sourced drive train components for non- electric models was also being examined.[49]​[50]​

On 12 August 2013, the Saab plant at Trollhättan reopened its doors to welcome back employees for preparations and restructuring of the production line. Production of the existing 9-3 would commence shortly with a new electric motor, while Saab finished the preparations for the new 9-3 Phoenix.

On 19 September 2013, the first Saab-branded vehicle produced by Nevs rolled off of the assembly line. The first pre-production model was mostly aesthetically identical to the previous Saab 9-3 and mainly used to test new components and assembly line equipment. Nevs announced a facelift of the exterior to be shown on a finalised production model. On 29 November 2013 Nevs announced that full-scale production would commence on 2 December 2013, having replaced the 20 percent of parts originally sourced from former Saab owner General Motors.[51]​

Production of the gasoline version of the Saab 9-3 has resumed as of December 2013.[52]​ On 10 December 2013, NEVS started selling their Saab 9-3 Aero directly from their homepage to Swedish customers.[53]​

On 20 May 2014, NEVS announced that production had been stopped, 100 consultants had to be let go and 53 blue-collar and 19 white-collar workers had been given notice that their contracts would not be prolonged after the summer. According to NEVS, this was due to Qingdao Qingbo Investment Co Ltd not fulfilling their commitment to finance NEVS operations and as a result had forced NEVS main owner Kai Johan Jiang to fund operations for several months through private funds as well as through assets in NEVS parent company National Modern Energy Holdings Ltd.[54]​[55]​[56]​[57]​

On 27 May 2014, NEVS communication officer Mikael Östlund confirmed through a video interview that NEVS was in talks with two large automobile companies regarding funding of operations and co-development of the Phoenix platform.[58]​

On 9 June 2014, Swedish media reported that a number of companies had filed debts from NEVS at the National enforcement agency in Sweden for a total sum of 10.4 million SEK.[59]​

On 28 August 2014, NEVS itself filed for bankruptcy protection.[60]​

On 29 August 2014, Saab AB announced it was cancelling the licensing agreement that allows NEVS to use the Saab name. NEVS' financial problems was cited as the reason.[61]​ A spokesman for NEVS said that the company expects to renegotiate the agreement after a solution to the company's financial problems is reached.

By June 2015, NEVS had acquired two new Chinese partners, an IT company and a development authority for the city of Tianjin. Both are state-owned. In late June, NEVS began construction of a factory in Tianjin, with the goal of manufacturing electric cars for the Chinese market. As of this point, NEVS has not re-acquired the rights to the Saab name, and it is developing a new brand for the Chinese market. There was no indication that restarting production at the plant in Trollhättan, Sweden was planned.

On June 21, 2016, NEVS announced they will no longer use the Saab trademark, instead using their company name on its car, which will still be based on the Saab 9-3 platform. The first NEVS car will go into production in 2017.

Plantas y cifras de producción

Factoría de Saab Automobile en Trollhättan.

Saab fabricaba varios modelos en su dos Plantas localizadas en la ciudad de Trollhattan en Suecia;entre 1945 y 2012.La producción total de Saab Automobile en 2008 fue de 75,073 vehículos producidos.[62]​[63]​

En 2012 la compañía National Electric Vehicle Sweden AB (NEVS), consorcio con capital de la japonesa Sun Investment y de la compañía china National Modern Energy Holdings intentó adquirir Saab con la intención de reanudar la producción de un modelo eléctrico basado en el Saab 9-3 basado en tecnología japonesa,[64]​ pero la falta de liquidez del consorcio hizo fracasar la retoma de la operación comercial, por problemas de marca y otros.[65]​

País Automoviles

(2011)

Automóviles (2010) Automóviles (2009) Automóviles (2008) Automóviles (2007) Modelos
Suecia
Trollhättan 		17,520 32,048 20,950[66]​ 75,073 102,915 9–3 y 9-5, todas las versiones
Total 17,520 32,048 20,950 75,073 102,915

Productos

Últimos modelos

El 'Ursaab'
Saab 92.--(1955)--
Saab 96.--(1965)--
Frente basculante del Saab Sonett II.--(1974)--
Saab Sonett III.--(1978)--
Saab 900.GLE--(1984)--
Saab 9000.CSE--(1994)--
Saab 9-5 type1 (1998-2001).
Saab Aero X.--(2008)--Del que se fabrico una unidad para el Salon del Automovil y Exposicion.

Futuros pero sin confirmar

Históricos

Motores

Curiosidades

Saab Automobile sigue ligada al mundo de la aviación de varias formas, entre otras la marca Saab es la responsable de la fabricación de los vehículos que realizan los friction tester en muchos aeropuertos, entre ellos los aeropuertos españoles. En esta prueba un vehículo con dispositivos telemétricos especiales recorre las pistas de despegue/aterrizaje a gran velocidad para comprobar el óptimo estado del asfalto.

En el caso de los aeropuertos españoles, Aena utiliza modelos 9-5 para hacer los tests. Los coches llevan acoplada una quinta rueda en la parte trasera que baja hasta el suelo con un sistema hidráulico. Esta quinta rueda que simula un tren de aterrizaje aéreo lleva asociado un sistema de telemetría, cuyos datos son recogidos y enviados a un ordenador para que los técnicos evalúen el estado de las pistas.[71]​

Referencias

  1. ↑ a b allabolag.se
  2. ↑ saab.com
  3. ↑ reuters.com
  4. ↑ caradvice.com.au
  5. ↑ «Spyker Cars finalizes the purchase of Saab» (PDF). Spyker. 23 de febrero de 2010. 
  6. ↑ Saab Automobile Files for Bankruptcy (press release), Saab Automobile, 19 de diciembre de 2011, consultado el 20 de diciembre de 2011 ..
  7. ↑ «Saab har fatt en kopare» [Saab's new owners will hire hundreds]. SVT (en sueco). SE. 13 June 2012 [13 juni 2012 7:21]. Consultado el 20 de octubre de 2012. 
  8. ↑ «First Nevs Saab Rolls off Pre-Production Line» (Youtube) (video Posted). Trollhättan: Saab. 19 de septiembre de 2013. 
  9. ↑ Lönnroth, Valdemar (28 de noviembre de 2014), «Lööf på plats nar Nevs drar igang produktion» [Lööf in place when Nevs kicks off production], Ttela (en sueco) (SE) ..
  10. ↑ «Saab restarts production». News. Fox. 2 de diciembre de 2013. Consultado el 2 de diciembre de 2013. 
  11. ↑ «Saab Automobile Is Poised to Resume Production». Auto news. Gasgoo. 10 de abril de 2014. Consultado el 27 de junio de 2014. 
  12. ↑ «Saab Automobile AB by appointment to His Majesty the King of Sweden». Trollhättan: Saab. 1 de febrero de 2008. Archivado desde el original el 26 de noviembre de 2015. 
  13. ↑ Bayley, Stephen (February 2012). Cars: Freedom, Style, Sex, Power, Motion, Colour, Everything. UK: Hachette. ISBN 9781840916065. Consultado el 20 de abril de 2012. 
  14. ↑ Donnelly, Jim (December 2008). «Sixten Sason». Hemmings Motor News. Consultado el 20 de abril de 2012. 
  15. ↑ «Ursaab». The Saab Museum. 2012. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2012. 
  16. ↑ Chapman, Giles (May 2009). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Extraordinary Automobiles. Dorling Kindersley. p. 118. ISBN 9781405336956. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2012. 
  17. ↑ Koueiter, Michelle (13 de mayo de 2011). «Iconic Saab 900 convertible turns 25 – Autoweek». Autoweek. Archivado desde el original el 26 de noviembre de 2015. Consultado el 3 de mayo de 2012. 
  18. ↑ a b «Saab requests creditor protection». BBC. 20 de febrero de 2009. Consultado el 20 de febrero de 2009.  Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; el nombre «BBC» está definido varias veces con contenidos diferentes
  19. ↑ Pagnamenta, Robin (18 de febrero de 2009). «Saab may go bust in 10 days, warns GM». Times Online (London). Consultado el 18 de febrero de 2009. 
  20. ↑ «Saabaffären avbryts | Dagens Nyheter». dn.se. Archivado desde el original el 26 de noviembre de 2015. Consultado el 24 de noviembre de 2009. 
  21. ↑ Schwartz, Nelson D. (14 de diciembre de 2009). «Chinese Company Seeks to Make Old Saab Models». nytimes.com. Consultado el 28 de enero de 2010. 
  22. ↑ «BAIC paid $197 mln for Saab assets – paper». www.reuters.com. 14 de diciembre de 2009. Consultado el 28 de enero de 2010. 
  23. ↑ «UPDATE 3-BAIC in overdrive to develop brand with Saab tech». Reuters. 10 de diciembre de 2009. Consultado el 23 de diciembre de 2009. 
  24. ↑ «Companies / Automobiles – Dutch sports car maker in Saab talks». Ft.com. Consultado el 5 de diciembre de 2009. 
  25. ↑ «GM to 'wind down' Saab business». BBC. 18 de diciembre de 2009. Consultado el 18 de diciembre de 2009. 
  26. ↑ «Bernie Ecclestone joins bid to buy Saab». BBC. Consultado el 8 de enero de 2009. 
  27. ↑ «Spyker makes a new offer for Saab; General Motors will evaluate». Autoweek.com. Consultado el 28 de diciembre de 2009. 
  28. ↑ «Saab wind-up begins, GM still reviewing bids». reuters.com. 8 de enero de 2010. Consultado el 9 de enero de 2010. 
  29. ↑ «Spyker buys Saab». Autocar. UK. Consultado el 26 de enero de 2010. 
  30. ↑ «Spyker Cars finalizes the purchase of Saab». Saabs United. Consultado el 23 de febrero de 2010. 
  31. ↑ Kinnander, Ola (24 de febrero de 2011). «Spyker to Sell Sports-Car Unit to Vladimir Antonov to Focus on Saab Brand». Bloomberg. Consultado el 8 de marzo de 2011. 
  32. ↑ Jolly, David (28 de octubre de 2011). «Saab Sputters On, Saved by 2 Chinese Automakers». The New York Times. Consultado el 29 de octubre de 2011. 
  33. ↑ «Sweden's Saab heads for Chinese owners after rescue bid». Reuters. 28 de octubre de 2011. Consultado el 29 de octubre de 2011. 
  34. ↑ «Saab chief Victor Muller reflects on sale of car maker». News (BBC). 28 de octubre de 2011. Consultado el 29 de octubre de 2011. 
  35. ↑ «saab automobile» (search). Google. Consultado el 11 de octubre de 2013. 
  36. ↑ «Saab bankruptcy site». Konkursboet. December 2011. Consultado el 13 de abril de 2012. 
  37. ↑ Zander, Christina (April 2012). «Saab Auto Left $2 Billion in Debts». Wall Street Journal. Consultado el 27 de abril de 2012. 
  38. ↑ «Hugin.info» (PDF). Consultado el 20 de octubre de 2012. 
  39. ↑ «Spyker». Consultado el 20 de octubre de 2012. 
  40. ↑ «GM sued by Saab's parent company for blocking reorganisation», Auto news, 6 de agosto de 2012 ..Uso incorrecto de la plantilla enlace roto (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última).
  41. ↑ Lönnroth, Valdemar. «Spyker stammer G pa 20 miljarder kronor» (en sueco). SE: Ttela. Consultado el 20 de octubre de 2012. 
  42. ↑ Saab parent's $3 billion lawsuit versus GM thrown out by U.S. judge .
  43. ↑ «konkursboet.se» (PDF). Consultado el 20 de octubre de 2012. 
  44. ↑ «saab.com». saab.com. 13 de junio de 2012. Archivado desde el original el 26 de noviembre de 2015. Consultado el 20 de octubre de 2012. 
  45. ↑ TT. «www.dn.se». www.dn.se. Consultado el 20 de octubre de 2012. 
  46. ↑ «ttela.se» (en sueco). ttela.se. Consultado el 20 de octubre de 2012. 
  47. ↑ «www.svd.se» (en sueco). www.svd.se. 20 de octubre de 1987. Consultado el 20 de octubre de 2012. 
  48. ↑ «national-ev.se». national-ev.se. 31 de agosto de 2012. Archivado desde el original el 26 de noviembre de 2015. Consultado el 20 de octubre de 2012. 
  49. ↑ «national-ev.se». national-ev.se. 8 de enero de 2013. Archivado desde el original el 26 de noviembre de 2015. Consultado el 8 de enero de 2013. 
  50. ↑ «saabsunited.com». saabsunited.com. 8 de enero de 2013. Consultado el 8 de enero de 2013. 
  51. ↑ «Saab will resume series production of the 9-3 sedan on Monday». Automotive News Europe. 29 de noviembre de 2013. Consultado el 29 de noviembre de 2013. 
  52. ↑ Chris Morran (3 December 2013-12-03). «Saab Rises From The Dead… Sort Of». consumerist.com. Consultado el 27 de junio de 2014. 
  53. ↑ Mattias Rabe (11 de diciembre de 2013). «15 nya Saab 9-3 beställdes första dagen». Teknikens Värld. Consultado el 27 de junio de 2014.  (en sueco)
  54. ↑ «National Electric Vehicle Sweden AB». Saabcars.com. 30 de mayo de 2013. Archivado desde el original el 26 de noviembre de 2015. Consultado el 27 de junio de 2014. 
  55. ↑ «Situation analysis regarding NEVS financial difficulties». Saabsunited. 21 de mayo de 2014. Archivado desde el original el 26 de noviembre de 2015. Consultado el 27 de junio de 2014. 
  56. ↑ «Reduction of workers at Saab Cars in Trollhättan». Saabsunited. 27 de mayo de 2014. Consultado el 27 de junio de 2014. 
  57. ↑ Victor Jensen (29 de mayo de 2014). «Nevs förhandlingar går framåt». Sveriges Radio. Consultado el 27 de junio de 2014.  (en sueco)
  58. ↑ «Interview with Mikael Östlund». YouTube. 27 de mayo de 2014. Consultado el 27 de junio de 2014. 
  59. ↑ Maria Carling (9 de junio de 2014). «NEVS klarar inte betalningar till underleverantörer». Svenska Dagbladet. Consultado el 27 de junio de 2014.  (en sueco)
  60. ↑ http://online.wsj.com/articles/saab-autos-chinese-backed-owner-goes-bust-1409212885?tesla=y&mg=reno64-wsj&url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203937904580119102887304246.html
  61. ↑ http://europe.autonews.com/article/20140829/ANE/140829863/saab-carmaker-nevs-granted-creditor-protection-by-court,
  62. ↑ «WORLD MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION» (PDF). oica.net. Consultado el 19 de diciembre de 2009. 
  63. ↑ «Saab Company Snapshot 2009». saabsunited.com. Consultado el 19 de diciembre de 2009. 
  64. ↑ evwind.com
  65. ↑ thetruthaboutcars.com
  66. ↑ «Saab Global sales 2010». saabsunited.com. Consultado el 29 de enero de 2011. 
  67. ↑ Saab 9-1 2010
  68. ↑ El Saab 9-1 se presentará durante el próximo Junio
  69. ↑ Un Saab 92 para luchar contra el MINI
  70. ↑ Nuevo Saab 9-4 X, en 2009
  71. ↑ motorpasion.com

Enlaces externos

Obtenido de «https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saab_Automobile&oldid=103817742»