Usuario:Waka Waka/Everybody

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«Everybody» is a song by American singer-songwriter Madonna from her self-titled debut album. It was released on October 6, 1982[1]​ by Sire Records as her debut single. Madonna had recorded a demo of the song with Steve Bray. She urged DJ Mark Kamins, who played at her dance club, to play it. He was impressed by the song and took her to Sire Records, who signed her for a two-song deal. However, after the recording of the two singles was over, Sire executive Michael Rosenblatt was not impressed with the production of the other song and decided to release only "Everybody".

By incorporating R&B infused beats in the music and not including her image on the cover artwork, marketing for the song gave the impression of Madonna as a black artist. That impression did not last long as Madonna would later convince Sire executives to shoot a music video for the song. The low-budget video directed by Ed Steinberg showed Madonna and her friends in a club singing and dancing to the song. The video helped to further promote the song and Madonna as an artist.

Critically, the song did not receive any acclaim and failed to enter the official Billboard Hot 100 chart. It did, however, appear on the dance charts. The song helped Madonna to achieve her first appearance in a dance magazine. She has performed the song live a number of times. It was performed as the final song for The Girlie Show World Tour and was one of the songs performed by her at the 2006 Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. The song was included in a remixed form on Madonna's 1987 remix album, You Can Dance, and on the deluxe edition of her 2009 compilation album, Celebration.

Origen y lanzamiento[editar]

En 1982, the 23 year old Madonna was living in New York and trying to set up her music career.[2]​ She was joined by her boyfriend from Detroit, Steve Bray, who became the drummer of her band, The Breakfast Club, which generally played hard-rock music. After that, however, they abandoned playing songs in the hard-rock genre and got signed by a music management company called Gotham Records with the plan of pursuing a new musical direction.[3]​ They decided to pursue the funk genre but the record company was not happy with their musical abilities, hence they were dropped, and Madonna and Bray left the band.[2]​ Meanwhile, Madonna had written and developed some songs on her own. She carried rough tapes of three of the songs, namely "Everybody", "Ain't No Big Deal" and "Burning Up". At that time, she frequented the Danceteria nightclub in New York. It was there that Madonna convinced the DJ Mark Kamins to play "Everybody" for the crowd,[2]​ and the song received a positive reaction. Kamins offered to get Madonna a record deal with the understanding that he would produce the single.[2]​ He took her to his boss, Chris Blackwell, who owned Island Records, but he declined to sign Madonna.[4]​ This rejection led Madonna to Sire Records in 1982. Michael Rosenblatt, who worked at the artists and repertoire department of Sire, commented that,

"Madonna is great. She will do anything to be a star, and that's exactly what I look for in an artist: total co-operation... With Madonna, I knew I had someone hot and co-operative, so I planned to build her career with singles, rather than just put an album right away and run the risk of disaster."[5]​

Rosenblatt offered Madonna $5,000 in advance plus $10,000 in royalties for each song she wrote.[6]​ Madonna was ultimately signed for two 12 inch singles by the President of Sire, Seymour Stein, who was impressed by her singing,[5]​ after listening to "Everybody" at a hospital in Lenox Hill where he was admitted.[6]​ The 12 inch version of "Everybody" was produced by Mark Kamins at Bob Blank's Blank Tapes Studio in NYC. Kamins was romantically involved with Madonna at that time. He took over the production work from Steve Bray.[6]​ The new recording ran 5:56 on one side and 9:23 for the dub version on the flipside. Madonna and Kamins had to record the single at their own cost.[7]​ Arthur Baker, friend of Mark Kamins, guided him through the role of a music producer and provided him with studio musician Fred Zarr who performed his keyboard wizardry on the track. Zarr became one of the common musical threads on the album by eventually performing on every track. [8]​ Due to the restrained budget, the recording was a hefty affair as Madonna could not understand Kamins' directions and Kamins himself faced problems directing. Hence the A-side "Ain't No Big Deal" did not become as successful as everyone expected.[9]​ Rosenblatt wanted to release "Everybody" with "Ain't No Big Deal" on the other side, but later changed his mind and put "Everybody" on both sides of the vinyl record after hearing the recorded version of "Ain't No Big Deal".[6]​ The single was commercially released in October, 1982.

Composición[editar]

"Everybody" starts with a heavily synthesized and spoken introduction with Madonna taking a loud intake of breath.[10]​ Madonna displayed her bubblegum pop voice in the song, which was doubletracked.[10]​ The song is written in the key of A minor with the melody of the song beginning in G♭ and rising to the second scale degree on the syllable 'bo' of 'everybody', thus highlighting the chorus which follows in the chord progression of G–A–B–A.[11]​ "Everybody" incorporated R&B infused beats. Sire Records marketed the soulful nature of the dance song for the black audience[9]​ and Madonna was promoted as an African-American artist, thereby fitting the record into a radio playlist where the song might chart. In New York, the song was played on 92 KTU which had an African-American audience.[12]​ For the cover of the single, Sire Records portrayed a hip-hop collage of downtown New York, rather than a portrait shot of Madonna, further perpetuating the notion that Madonna was African-American.[9]​

Reception[editar]

Comentarios de la crítica[editar]

"I was living on the Upper West Side, 99th and Riverside, and about 7:00 at night I had the radio on in my bedroom, on WKTU, and I heard 'Everybody'. I said 'Oh, my God, that's me coming out of that box.' It was an amazing feeling.
——Madonna talking about hearing "Everybody" first time on radio.[13]​

Author Rikky Rooksby, in his book The Complete Guide to the Music of Madonna, noted that the song closed the Madonna album on a flat note. He called the music artificial, repetitive and uninspired.[10]​ Don Shewey from Rolling Stone commented that "At first, it ["Everybody"] doesn't sound like much at all. Then you notice its one distinguishing feature, a girlish hiccup that the singer uses over and over until it's irritating as hell. Finally, you get hooked, and you start looking forward to that silly little catch in her voice."[14]​ Bill Lamb from About.com commented in general that the songs from the album had "irresistible" pop hooks.[15]​ Author J. Randy Taraborrelli in his biography on Madonna commented that the song was a rhythmic call to party.[16]​ Author Santiago Fouz-Hernández in his book Madonna's Drowned Worlds, complimented the chorus of the song, saying that "Everybody" and "Music" are the two Madonna singles which define her artistic crescendo.[11]​

Desempeño comercial[editar]

The 12-inch single of "Everybody" failed to break into the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States.[17]​ It peaked at seven on Billboard's Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart on December 25, 1982.[16]​[18]​ However the song moved quickly up the dance charts,[6]​ and was Madonna's first single to chart on the Billboard Hot Dance/Club Play Chart, peaking at number three.[19]​ Since its release, the single has sold around 250,000 copies.[3]​ The song helped Madonna achieve a first magazine cover photograph. In the December issue of Dance Music Report magazine, Madonna and another band Jekyll and Hyde were nominated for awards in the sales category of a reader's poll. It was Madonna's picture that appeared on the cover.[20]​

Video musical[editar]

Sire Records had marketed the "Everybody" single as if Madonna was a black artist. This misconception was cleared by the release of the music video for the song.[12]​ Regarding the importance of shooting a music video for the song, Madonna commented that, "If I didn't have a video, I don't think all the kids in the Midwest would know about me. It takes the place of touring. Everybody sees them everywhere. That really has a lot to do with the success of my album."[21]​ She invited Sire Records executives, including Stein and Rosenblatt, to the New York nightclub Danceteria. She performed "Everybody" on the dancefloor, wearing a top hat and tails.[12]​ On the night of the performance, Madonna's friend Haoui Montag introduced her to the 300 strong audience. Cheered by them, Madonna and her dancers performed their choreographed dance moves, later described as a 'disco act backed by avant-garde dancers.'[22]​ Seeing the performance, they also realised that Madonna appeared visually stunning. They ordered an in-house video of "Everybody" to be sent to the clubs around the country which used dance videos.[12]​

Rosenblatt contacted Ed Steinberg, who ran the Rock America video company and asked him if he could spare a few hours to make a music video for "Everybody" with Madonna on stage at her next performance in Danceteria.[23]​ The idea was to play the video as promotion across the United States so that people will come to recognize an image of Madonna and her performance. Rosenblatt offered Steinberg $1,000 for the in-house production video, when artists like Duran Duran and Michael Jackson were spending six figure sums on videos.[23]​ They finally agreed on $1,500. With the low-budget,[24]​ the video was directed by Steinberg.[25]​ Steinberg suggested shooting the video on location at the Paradise Garage, a downtown gay disco, instead of filming a live performance. Madonna's friend Debi Mazar did the makeup and joined her other backup dancers, namely Erika Belle and Bags Rilez. Mazar brought a few of her friends to act as a disco crowd in the video, including African-American graffiti artist Michael Stewart.[23]​ Steinberg was impressed by Madonna's professionalism on the set and he helped to send copies of the tape to nightclubs across America which used dance music videos for their entertainment. This promotion helped the song to grow from being a dance hit in New York to a nationwide hit.[20]​

The video starts with Madonna and her two backup dancers dancing in a club while lights blink in the background.[26]​ The shots continue while interspersing close-up shots of Madonna dancing while wearing a coat and junk jewelry.[26]​ Author Douglas Kellner in his book Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Identity, and Politics Between the Modern and the Postmodern noted that already with her first video, Madonna was deploying fashion, sexuality and the construction of an individual image to present herself both as an alluring sex object and as a transgressor of established norms.[27]​ The band Fab Five Freddy reminisce that with the video Madonna "is attracting those who were more street, more savvy, more flavorful."[20]​

Interpretaciones en vivo[editar]

Madonna interpretó «Everybody» en dos giras musciales y una promocional. En The Virgin Tour de 1985, Madonna wore a blue see-through crop-top which revealed her black bra, a purple skirt, lacy leggings and a brightly patterned jacket. She also wore crucifixes in her hair, and on her ears and neck.[28]​ Tras la actuación de «Into the Groove», Madonna took the microphone and danced around the stage while singing "Everybody". The performance was included in the home video release titled Live - The Virgin Tour.[29]​ Madonna utilizó un sample de la línea, Dance and sing, get up and do your thing (en español: Baila y canta, levántante y haz lo tuyo) durante los primeros compaces de «Express Yourself» para la gira de 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour.[30]​[31]​ En su gira de 1983 The Girlie Show World Tour, Madonna interpretó «Everybody» como la última canción del concierto Vestía pale shorts and a simple yellow and green V-necked shirt, which she hitched up into a bra revealing top.[32]​ Empezó tras cantar «Justify My Love». El comienzo contuvo el coro de «Everybody Is a Star» de Sly & The Family Stone. Cuando la canción progresa, se incluyeron extractos musicales de «Dance to the Music», «After the Dance» y «It Takes Two».[33]​ Jon Pareles de The New York Times felicitó a la presentación, diciendo: «el final del show es verdaderamente sano, con la compañía [de bailarines] en vaquero y tops blancos, invitando a la audiencia a bailar con 'Everybody'. Es solo una canción alegre y bailable teatral, no una provocación».[34]​ En el cierre del espectáculo, Madonna apareció vestida como una payasa y cantó de nuevo la línea Everybody Is a Star de la pista de título homónimo.[33]​

Madonna tocó el tema en el Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival mientras promocionaba su décimo álbum de estudio Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005).[35]​ She performed the song wearing a tank top and high boots, with a silver glitter band around her hair.[36]​ It was also performed at London's Koko Club. Madonna was dressed in an all-purple ensemble of jacket, velvet pedal pushers and knee-high boots. Before performing "Everybody", she announced that, "I feel like I'm really out of shape right now, I don't like falling off horses, so I'm going to do one more song."[37]​ El 22 de noviembre de 2008, Madonna cantó la canción en los bises del Boardwalk Hal de Atlantic City como parte de su gira Sticky & Sweet Tour.[38]​ En la etapa de 2009, se añadieron elementos de «Everybody» y «Celebration» durante la actuación de «Holiday», así como un tributo al cantante Michael Jackson que falleció el 25 de junio del mismo año. Este incluyó un popurrí de «Jam», «2000 Watts», «Billie Jean», «Another Part of Me» y «Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'».[39]​[40]​

Track listing and formats[editar]

  • US 12" single[41]​
  1. "Everybody" – 6:00
  2. "Everybody" (Dub Version) – 9:23
  • US 7" Vinyl single[42]​
  1. "Everybody" – 3:58
  2. "Everybody" (Instrumental) – 4:13
  • UK 12" single[43]​
  1. "Everybody" (Remix) – 6:16
  2. "Everybody" (Dub Version) – 5:59
  1. "Everybody" (Remix Edit)– 3:20
  2. "Everybody" (Dub Version) – 4:40
  • Germany 5" CD single[45]​
  1. "Everybody (Album Version)" – 4:55
  2. "Everybody (Dub Version)" – 8:58
  1. "Everybody" – 5:56
  2. "Everybody" (Instrumental) – 9:23
  • Germany / UK CD Maxi Single[48]​
  1. "Everybody" – 6:00
  2. "Everybody" (Dub Version) – 9:23
  • Notes: UK 7" and 12" versions included a remix by Rusty Egan and Steve Short at Trident Studios Reduction Suite, which was only ever released in the UK.[44]​

Credits and personnel[editar]

Credits adapted from the album liner notes.[49]​

Posicionamiento en listas[editar]

Listas (1982) Posición
E.E.U.U Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles[16]​ 7
E.E.U.U Hot Dance Music/Club Play[19]​ 3

Notes[editar]

  1. ↑ Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; no se ha definido el contenido de las referencias llamadas rd
  2. ↑ a b c d Rooksby, 2004, p. 4
  3. ↑ a b Cross, 2007, p. 27
  4. ↑ Morton, 2002, p. 142
  5. ↑ a b Rooksby, 2004, p. 5
  6. ↑ a b c d e Cross, 2007, p. 25
  7. ↑ Morton, 2002, p. 143
  8. ↑ Morton, 2002, p. 145
  9. ↑ a b c Morton, 2002, p. 146
  10. ↑ a b c Rooksby, 2004, p. 14
  11. ↑ a b Fouz-Hernández y Jarman-Ivens, 2004, p. 66
  12. ↑ a b c d Cross, 2007, p. 26
  13. ↑ Scaggs, Austin (29 de octubre de 2009). «Madonna Looks Back: The Rolling Stone Interview». Rolling Stone (San Francisco: Jann Wenner) 1090 (90): 51. ISSN 0035-791X. 
  14. ↑ Shewey, Don (23 de septiembre de 1983). «Madonna: Madonna: Album review». Rolling Stone. Jann Wenner. Consultado el 29 de junio de 2009. 
  15. ↑ Lamb, Bill (3 de junio de 2001). «Madonna Discography». About.com. The New York Times Company. Consultado el 29 de junio de 2009. 
  16. ↑ a b c Taraborelli, 2002, p. 77
  17. ↑ «Madonna – Induction year: 2008». Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. 2 de julio de 2008. Consultado el 29 de junio de 2009. 
  18. ↑ Grein, Paul (22 de abril de 2010). «Week Ending April 11, 2010: Bieber Bounces Back». Yahoo!. Consultado el 22 de septiembre de 2010. 
  19. ↑ a b Letkemann, Jessica (10 de marzo de 2008). «Rock And Roll Hall Of Fame, Class Of 2008». Billboard (Nielsen Business Media, Inc.). Consultado el 29 de junio de 2009. 
  20. ↑ a b c Morton, 2002, p. 151
  21. ↑ Rooksby, 2004, p. 8
  22. ↑ Morton, 2002, p. 149
  23. ↑ a b c Morton, 2002, p. 150
  24. ↑ Cross, 2007, p. 29
  25. ↑ Morton, p. 332
  26. ↑ a b «Everybody Music Video on Yahoo! Music». Yahoo!. Consultado el 30 de junio de 2009. 
  27. ↑ Kellner, 1995, p. 271
  28. ↑ Clerk, p. 85
  29. ↑ Madonna (1985). Live - The Virgin Tour (VHS). Warner Home Video. 
  30. ↑ Live! - Blond Ambition World Tour 90 (1990) [VHS].Warner Home Video
  31. ↑ Tyler, Stephanie (19 de mayo de 1990). «A Material Girl Bids To Become A Golden Legend». San Jose Mercury News (en inglés) (MediaNews Group). Consultado el 2 de septiembre de 2012. 
  32. ↑ Clerk, 2002, p. 243
  33. ↑ a b The Girlie Show - Live Down Under (1993) [VHS]. Warner Home Video
  34. ↑ Pareles, Jon (16 de octubre de 1993). «From Madonna A New Palatibility, But Still Spicy Show». The New York Times (en inglés). Consultado el 2 de septiembre de 2012. 
  35. ↑ Vourn, Coraline (6 de noviembre de 2005). «Madonna mini-show wows London» (en inglés). CNN. Consultado el 2 de septiembre de 2012. 
  36. ↑ Hiatt, Brian; Orloff, Brian (1 de mayo de 2006). «Madonna, Franz Heat Up Coachella». Rolling Stone (Jann Wenner) 1081 (9). ISSN 0035-791X. 
  37. ↑ Reporter, Daily Mail (16 de noviembre de 2005). «Madonna sends London wild». Daily Mail (Associated Newspapers). Consultado el 30 de junio de 2009. 
  38. ↑ «Sticky & Sweet Tour News». Icon: Official Madonna website. Madonna.com. 26 de noviembre de 2008. Consultado el 30 de junio de 2009. 
  39. ↑ Reporter, SF (6 de julio de 2009). «Madonna's emotional tribute to Jackson». San Francisco Chronicle (en inglés) (Hearst Corporation). Consultado el 2 de septiembre de 2012. 
  40. ↑ Sticky & Sweet Tour (2009). Live Nation Entertainment.
  41. ↑ (Media notes).  Parámetro desconocido |PID= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Type= ignorado (se sugiere |type=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Name= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Publisher= ignorado (se sugiere |publisher=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Format= ignorado (se sugiere |format=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Artist= ignorado (se sugiere |artist=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Year= ignorado (se sugiere |year=) (ayuda); Falta el |título= (ayuda)
  42. ↑ (Media notes).  Parámetro desconocido |PID= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Type= ignorado (se sugiere |type=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Name= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Publisher= ignorado (se sugiere |publisher=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Format= ignorado (se sugiere |format=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Artist= ignorado (se sugiere |artist=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Year= ignorado (se sugiere |year=) (ayuda); Falta el |título= (ayuda)
  43. ↑ (Media notes).  Parámetro desconocido |PID= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Type= ignorado (se sugiere |type=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Name= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Publisher= ignorado (se sugiere |publisher=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Format= ignorado (se sugiere |format=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Artist= ignorado (se sugiere |artist=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Year= ignorado (se sugiere |year=) (ayuda); Falta el |título= (ayuda)
  44. ↑ a b (Media notes).  Parámetro desconocido |PID= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Type= ignorado (se sugiere |type=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Name= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Publisher= ignorado (se sugiere |publisher=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Format= ignorado (se sugiere |format=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Artist= ignorado (se sugiere |artist=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Year= ignorado (se sugiere |year=) (ayuda); Falta el |título= (ayuda)
  45. ↑ (Media notes).  Parámetro desconocido |PID= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Type= ignorado (se sugiere |type=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Name= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Publisher= ignorado (se sugiere |publisher=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Format= ignorado (se sugiere |format=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Artist= ignorado (se sugiere |artist=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Year= ignorado (se sugiere |year=) (ayuda); Falta el |título= (ayuda)
  46. ↑ (Media notes).  Parámetro desconocido |PID= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Type= ignorado (se sugiere |type=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Name= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Publisher= ignorado (se sugiere |publisher=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Format= ignorado (se sugiere |format=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Artist= ignorado (se sugiere |artist=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Year= ignorado (se sugiere |year=) (ayuda); Falta el |título= (ayuda)
  47. ↑ (Media notes).  Parámetro desconocido |PID= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Type= ignorado (se sugiere |type=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Name= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Publisher= ignorado (se sugiere |publisher=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Format= ignorado (se sugiere |format=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Artist= ignorado (se sugiere |artist=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Year= ignorado (se sugiere |year=) (ayuda); Falta el |título= (ayuda)
  48. ↑ (Media notes).  Parámetro desconocido |PID= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Type= ignorado (se sugiere |type=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Name= ignorado (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Publisher= ignorado (se sugiere |publisher=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Format= ignorado (se sugiere |format=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Artist= ignorado (se sugiere |artist=) (ayuda); Parámetro desconocido |Year= ignorado (se sugiere |year=) (ayuda); Falta el |título= (ayuda)
  49. ↑ Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; no se ha definido el contenido de las referencias llamadas liner

Biblografía consultada[editar]

External links[editar]

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