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Los misiles aire-aire están ampliamente agrupados en misiles de corto alcance, también llamados “[[dogfight]]” o “within visual range” (WVR), y misiles de medio o largo alcance, [[Beyond Visual Range missile|beyond visual range]] (BVR). Los misiles de corto alcance tienden a usar guía por [[infrarrojos]], mientras que los misiles de medio y largo alcance cuentan con algún tipo de guía por [[radar]] (y algunas veces guía inercial).
Los misiles aire-aire están ampliamente agrupados en misiles de corto alcance, también llamados “[[dogfight]]” o “within visual range” (WVR), y misiles de medio o largo alcance, [[Beyond Visual Range missile|beyond visual range]] (BVR). Los misiles de corto alcance tienden a usar guía por [[infrarrojos]], mientras que los misiles de medio y largo alcance cuentan con algún tipo de guía por [[radar]] (y algunas veces guía inercial).

== Lista de misiles por país ==
[[Archivo:K-5M Air-to-Air Missile.jpg|thumb|250px|Un misil aire-aire [[Kaliningrad K-5]] en un [[MiG-21]]. (Displayed in the Military History Museum and Park in Kecel, Hungary)]]
''For each missile, short notes are given, including an indication of its range and guidance mechanism.''

=== {{bandera2|Alemania}} ===
* [[Ruhrstahl X-4]] — [[World War II]] design, first practical anti-aircraft missile, [[MCLOS]], never saw service
* [[Henschel Hs 298]] — [[World War II]] design, [[MCLOS]], never saw service
* [[MBDA Meteor]]
* [[IRIS-T]]

=== {{bandera2|Brasil}} ===
* [[Mectron MAA-1 Piranha]] — short range IR

=== {{bandera2|China}} ===
*[[PL-1]] — PRC version of the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Kaliningrad K-5]] (AA-1 Alkali), retired.
*[[Vympel K-13|PL-2]] — PRC version of the Soviet [[Vympel K-13]] (AA-2 Atoll), which was based on AIM-9B Sidewinder. [http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/weapon/pl2.asp] Retired & replaced by PL-5 in PLAAF service.
*[[Vympel K-13|PL-3]] — updated version of the PL-2, did not enter service.
*[[PL-5]] — updated version of the PL-2, known versions include: [http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/weapon/pl5.asp]
** PL-5A — semi-active radar-homing AAM intended to replace the PL-2, did not enter service. Resembles AIM-9G in appearance.
** PL-5B — IR version, entered service in 1990s to replace the PL-2 SRAAM. Limited off-boresight
** PL-5C — Improved version comparable to AIM-9H or AIM-9L in performance
** PL-5E — All-aspect attack version, resembles AIM-9P in appearance.
*[[PL-7]] — PRC version of the IR-homing French [[R550 Magic]] AAM, did not enter service. [http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/weapon/pl7.asp]
*[[Python missile|PL-8]] — PRC version of the Israeli [[Rafael Python 3]] [http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/weapon/pl8.asp]
*[[PL-9]] — short range IR guided missile, marketed for export. One known improved version (PL-9C). [http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/weapon/pl9.asp]
*[[PL-10]] — semi-active radar-homing medium-range missile based on the HQ-61 SAM, [http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/weapon/pl10.asp] often confused with PL-11. Did not enter service.
*[[PL-11]] — medium-range air-to-air missile (MRAAM), based on the HQ-61C & Italian Aspide (AIM-7) technology. Limited service with J-8-B/D/H fighters. Known versions include: [http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/weapon/pl11.asp]
** PL-11 — MRAAM with semi-active radar homing, based on the HQ-61C SAM and Aspide seeker technology, exported as FD-60 [http://mil.jschina.com.cn/huitong/missile.htm]
** PL-11A — Improved PL-11 with increased range, warhead, and more effective seeker. The new seeker only requires fire-control radar guidance during the terminal stage, providing a basic LOAL (lock-on after launch) capability.
** PL-11B — Also known as PL-11 AMR, improved PL-11 with AMR-1 active radar-homing seeker.
** LY-60 — PL-11 adopted for navy ships for air-defense, sold to Pakistan but does not appear to be in service with the Chinese Navy. [http://www.sinodefence.com/navy/navalmissile/ly60.asp]
*[[PL-12]] (SD-10) — medium-range active radar missile [http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/weapon/pl12.asp]
*[[TY-90]] — light IR-homing air-to-air missile designed for helicopters [http://www.sinodefence.com/airforce/weapon/ty90.asp]

=== {{bandera2|Estados Unidos}} ===
* [[AIM-4 Falcon]] — radar (later IR) guided
* [[AIM-7 Sparrow]] — medium range semi-active radar
* [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]] — short range IR
* [[AIM-54 Phoenix]] — long range, semi-active and active radar
* [[AIM-120 AMRAAM]] — medium range, active radar; replaces [[AIM-7 Sparrow]]

=== {{bandera2|Europa}} ===
* [[MBDA Meteor]] — medium range, [[active radar homing]]; design to replace AMRAAM
* [[IRIS-T]] — short range [[infrared homing]]; replacement for [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]]

=== {{bandera2|Francia}} ===
*Matra [[R550 Magic]] — short-range, IR guided
*[[Matra Magic II]] — IR guided missile.
*[[Super 530|Magic Super 530F/Super 530D]] — medium-range, radar-guided
*[[MBDA MICA]] — medium-range, IR or radar guided

=== {{bandera2|India}} ===
*[[Astra missile]] BVRAAM

=== {{bandera2|Irán}} ===
* Fatter&nbsp;— copy of U.S. [[AIM-9 Sidewinder]]<ref>[http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Air-Launched-Weapons/Fatter-Iran.html Fatter - Jane's Air-Launched Weapons]</ref>
* Sedjil&nbsp;— copy of U.S. [[MIM-23 Hawk]] converted to be carried by aircraft<ref>[http://www.janes.com/articles/Janes-Air-Launched-Weapons/Sedjil-Project-Sky-Hawk-Iran.html Sedjil - Jane's Air-Launched Weapons]</ref>

=== {{bandera2|Iraq}} ===
* [[Al Humurrabi]]&nbsp;— Long range, semi active radar

=== {{bandera2|Israel}} ===
* [[Rafael Python 5|Rafael Shafrir]]&nbsp;— first Israeli domestic AAM
* [[Rafael Python 5|Rafael Shafrir 2]]&nbsp;— improved Shafrir missile
* [[Rafael Python 5|Rafael Python 3]]&nbsp;— medium range IR-homing missile with all aspect capability [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/python3.htm]
* [[Rafael Python 5|Rafael Python 4]]&nbsp;— medium range IR-homing missile with HMS-guidance capability [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/python4.htm]
* [[Rafael Python 5]]&nbsp;— improved Python 4 with electro-optical imaging seeker [http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/missile_systems/air_missiles/python/Python5.html]
* [[Rafael Python 5|Rafael Derby]]&nbsp;— Also known as the Alto, this is a medium-range, BVR active radar-homing missile [http://www.israeli-weapons.com/weapons/missile_systems/air_missiles/derby/Derby.html]

=== {{bandera2|Italia}} ===
* [[AIM-7|Alenia Aspide]]&nbsp;— Italian manufactured version of the [[AIM-7 Sparrow]], based on the AIM-7E.

=== {{bandera2|Japón}} ===
*[[Mitsubishi AAM-3|AAM-3]]&nbsp;— short-range Type 90 air-to-air missile
*[[Mitsubishi AAM-4|AAM-4]]&nbsp;— middle-range Type 99 air-to-air missile
*[[Mitsubishi AAM-5|AAM-5]]&nbsp;— short-range Type 04 air-to-air missile

=== {{bandera2|Pakistán}} ===
* [[Kahota Research Laboraties|Sarab 1]]&nbsp;— Pakistani version of Matra Magic Missile, Short Range Missile Project Cancelled due to unsatisfactory results.
* [[H-2 BVR-AAM]] Infrared radar guided missile, developed by [[National Engineering and Scientific Commission]] ([[NESCOM]])
* [[H-4 BVR-AAM]] Active radar-guided beyond visual range missile,developed by [[National Engineering and Scientific Commission]] ([[NESCOM]])

=== {{bandera2|Rusia}} ===
* [[Kaliningrad K-5]] ([[NATO reporting name]] '''AA-1 'Alkali'''')&nbsp;— beam-riding
* [[Vympel K-13]] (NATO reporting name '''AA-2 'Atoll'''')&nbsp;— short-range IR or SARH
* [[Kaliningrad K-8]] (NATO reporting name '''AA-3 'Anab'''')&nbsp;— IR or SARH
* [[Raduga K-9]] (NATO reporting name '''AA-4 'Awl'''')&nbsp;— IR or SARH
* [[Bisnovat R-4]] (NATO reporting name '''AA-5 'Ash'''')&nbsp;— IR or SARH
* [[Bisnovat R-40]] (NATO reporting name '''AA-6 'Acrid'''')&nbsp;— long-range IR or SARH
* [[Vympel R-23]] (NATO reporting name '''AA-7 'Apex'''')&nbsp;— medium-range SARAH or IR
* [[Molniya R-60]] (NATO reporting name '''AA-8 'Aphid'''')&nbsp;— short-range IR
* [[Vympel R-33]] (NATO reporting name '''AA-9 'Amos'''')&nbsp;— long range active radar
* [[Vympel R-27]] (NATO reporting name '''AA-10 'Alamo'''')&nbsp;— medium-range SARH or IR
* [[Vympel R-73]] (NATO reporting name '''AA-11 'Archer'''')&nbsp;— short-range IR
* [[Vympel R-77]] (NATO reporting name '''AA-12 'Adder'''')&nbsp;— medium-range active radar
* [[Vympel R-37]] (NATO reporting name '''AA-X-13 'Arrow'''')&nbsp;— long-range SARH or active radar
* [[Novator KS-172 AAM-L]]&nbsp;— extreme long range, [[inertial navigation]] with active radar for terminal homing

=== {{bandera2|Sudáfrica}} ===
*[[A-Darter (missile)|A-Darter]]&nbsp;— short range IR
*[[R-Darter (missile)|R-Darter]]&nbsp;— beyond visual range (BVR) radar-guided missile

=== {{bandera2|República de China}} ===
*[[Sky Sword I]] (TC-1)&nbsp;— air-to-air
*[[Sky Sword II]] (TC-2)&nbsp;— air-to-air

=== {{bandera2|Reino Unido}} ===
*[[Fairey Fireflash|Fireflash]]&nbsp;— short range beam-riding
*[[Fairey Firestreak|Firestreak]]&nbsp;— short range IR
*[[Hawker Siddeley Red Top|Red Top]]&nbsp;— short range IR
* [[Skyflash]]&nbsp;— medium-range radar-guided missile based on the AIM-7E2, said to have quick warm-up times of 1 to 2 seconds.
* [[AIM-132 ASRAAM]]&nbsp;— short range IR
* [[MBDA Meteor]]&nbsp;— long range radar guided missile due to enter service in 2013.


== Véase también ==
== Véase también ==

Revisión del 09:06 7 may 2009

El texto que sigue es una traducción incompleta. Si quieres colaborar con Wikipedia, busca el artículo original y finaliza esta traducción.
Copia y pega el siguiente código en la página de discusión del autor de este artículo: {{subst:Aviso traducción incompleta|Misil aire-aire}} ~~~~
Un caza F-14 Tomcat de la Armada de los Estados Unidos lanza un misil aire-aire de largo alcance AIM-54 Phoenix.
Un misil aire-aire moderno IRIS-T de la Luftwaffe.
Un misil aire-aire AIM-132 ASRAAM en un Eurofighter Typhoon de la Royal Air Force.

Un misil aire-aire (en inglés: air-to-air missile, abreviado AAM) es un misil guiado que se dispara desde una aeronave con el propósito de destruir a otra aeronave. Los misiles aire-aire son propulsados por un o más motores cohete, normalmente de combustible sólido pero a veces de combustible líquido. Los motores de tipo estatorreactor, como los usados en el misil MBDA Meteor actualmente en desarrollo, están surgiendo como propulsores para futuros misiles de medio alcance para mantener una velocidad media elevada.

Los misiles aire-aire están ampliamente agrupados en misiles de corto alcance, también llamados “dogfight” o “within visual range” (WVR), y misiles de medio o largo alcance, beyond visual range (BVR). Los misiles de corto alcance tienden a usar guía por infrarrojos, mientras que los misiles de medio y largo alcance cuentan con algún tipo de guía por radar (y algunas veces guía inercial).

Lista de misiles por país

Un misil aire-aire Kaliningrad K-5 en un MiG-21. (Displayed in the Military History Museum and Park in Kecel, Hungary)

For each missile, short notes are given, including an indication of its range and guidance mechanism.

Bandera de Alemania Alemania

Bandera de Brasil Brasil

Bandera de la República Popular China China

  • PL-1 — PRC version of the Soviet Kaliningrad K-5 (AA-1 Alkali), retired.
  • PL-2 — PRC version of the Soviet Vympel K-13 (AA-2 Atoll), which was based on AIM-9B Sidewinder. [1] Retired & replaced by PL-5 in PLAAF service.
  • PL-3 — updated version of the PL-2, did not enter service.
  • PL-5 — updated version of the PL-2, known versions include: [2]
    • PL-5A — semi-active radar-homing AAM intended to replace the PL-2, did not enter service. Resembles AIM-9G in appearance.
    • PL-5B — IR version, entered service in 1990s to replace the PL-2 SRAAM. Limited off-boresight
    • PL-5C — Improved version comparable to AIM-9H or AIM-9L in performance
    • PL-5E — All-aspect attack version, resembles AIM-9P in appearance.
  • PL-7 — PRC version of the IR-homing French R550 Magic AAM, did not enter service. [3]
  • PL-8 — PRC version of the Israeli Rafael Python 3 [4]
  • PL-9 — short range IR guided missile, marketed for export. One known improved version (PL-9C). [5]
  • PL-10 — semi-active radar-homing medium-range missile based on the HQ-61 SAM, [6] often confused with PL-11. Did not enter service.
  • PL-11 — medium-range air-to-air missile (MRAAM), based on the HQ-61C & Italian Aspide (AIM-7) technology. Limited service with J-8-B/D/H fighters. Known versions include: [7]
    • PL-11 — MRAAM with semi-active radar homing, based on the HQ-61C SAM and Aspide seeker technology, exported as FD-60 [8]
    • PL-11A — Improved PL-11 with increased range, warhead, and more effective seeker. The new seeker only requires fire-control radar guidance during the terminal stage, providing a basic LOAL (lock-on after launch) capability.
    • PL-11B — Also known as PL-11 AMR, improved PL-11 with AMR-1 active radar-homing seeker.
    • LY-60 — PL-11 adopted for navy ships for air-defense, sold to Pakistan but does not appear to be in service with the Chinese Navy. [9]
  • PL-12 (SD-10) — medium-range active radar missile [10]
  • TY-90 — light IR-homing air-to-air missile designed for helicopters [11]

Bandera de Estados Unidos Estados Unidos

Plantilla:Geodatos Europa

Bandera de Francia Francia

Bandera de la India India

Bandera de Irán Irán

Bandera de Irak Irak

Bandera de Israel Israel

Bandera de Italia Italia

Bandera de Japón Japón

  • AAM-3 — short-range Type 90 air-to-air missile
  • AAM-4 — middle-range Type 99 air-to-air missile
  • AAM-5 — short-range Type 04 air-to-air missile

Bandera de Pakistán Pakistán

Bandera de Rusia Rusia

Bandera de Sudáfrica Sudáfrica

  • A-Darter — short range IR
  • R-Darter — beyond visual range (BVR) radar-guided missile

Bandera de la República de China República de China

Bandera del Reino Unido Reino Unido

  • Fireflash — short range beam-riding
  • Firestreak — short range IR
  • Red Top — short range IR
  • Skyflash — medium-range radar-guided missile based on the AIM-7E2, said to have quick warm-up times of 1 to 2 seconds.
  • AIM-132 ASRAAM — short range IR
  • MBDA Meteor — long range radar guided missile due to enter service in 2013.

Véase también

Referencias

  1. ↑ Fatter - Jane's Air-Launched Weapons
  2. ↑ Sedjil - Jane's Air-Launched Weapons

Enlaces externos

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