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***Superfamilia [[Caniformia]] o [[Canoidea]]
***Superfamilia [[Caniformia]] o [[Canoidea]]
***Superfamilia [[Feliformia]] o [[Feloidea]]
***Superfamilia [[Feliformia]] o [[Feloidea]]

{{Wikificar|t=20190105110920}}
===Filogenia===
Carnivoramorpha
Las relaciones [[filogenética]]s de Carnivoramorpha son mostradas en el siguiente [[cladograma]]:<ref name=Bryant2004>Bryant, H.N., and M. Wolson (2004) [https://web.archive.org/web/20080706090739/http://www.ohiou.edu/phylocode/IPNM.pdf “Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Carnivoran Mammals.”] ''First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting''. Paris, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle</ref><ref name=asdff>{{cite book |author1=John J. Flynn |author2=John A. Finarelli |author3=Michelle Spaulding |year=2010 |chapter=Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations |editor1=Anjali Goswami |editor2=Anthony Friscia |title=Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume= |pages=25–63 |isbn=9781139193436 |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003}}</ref><ref name="Dawsonicyon">{{Cite journal |author1=Michelle Spaulding |author2=John J. Flynn |author3=Richard K. Stucky |year=2010 |title=A new basal Carnivoramorphan (Mammalia) from the 'Bridger B' (Black's Fork member, Bridger Formation, Bridgerian Nalma, middle Eocene) of Wyoming, USA |journal=Palaeontology |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=815–832 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00963.x}}</ref><ref name=Lycophocyon>{{cite journal |author=Susumu Tomiya |year=2011 |title=A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivorans |journal=PLOS One |volume=6 |issue=9 |page=e24146 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0024146 |pmid=21935380 |pmc=3173397}}</ref><ref name="SoléSmith2014">{{cite journal |last1=Solé |first1=Floréal |last2=Smith |first2=Richard |last3=Coillot |first3=Tiphaine |last4=de Bast |first4=Eric |last5=Smith |first5=Thierry |title=Dental and tarsal anatomy of ''Miacis latouri'' and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=34 |issue=1 |year=2014 |pages=1–21 |issn=0272-4634 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2013.793195}}</ref><ref name="SoléSmith2016">{{cite journal |last1=Solé |first1=Floréal |last2=Smith |first2=Thierry |last3=De Bast |first3=Eric |last4=Codrea |first4=Vlad |last5=Gheerbrant |first5=Emmanuel |title=New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia) |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=36 |issue=2 |year=2016 |pages=e1082480 |issn=0272-4634 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480}}</ref><ref>Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ede.12219 "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars."] Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.</ref><ref>Prevosti, F. J., & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018). [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-03701-1_1 "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies"]</ref>
|?- †Aelurotherium
{{clade |style=font-size:85%;line-height:100%;
|?- †Eosictis
|label1=&nbsp;'''[[Ferae]]'''&nbsp;
|?- †Elmensius
|1={{clade
|?- †Intyrictis vanvaleni
|1='''[[Pholidotamorpha]]''' [[File:Pangolin Hardwicke (white background).jpg|60px]]
|?- †Notoamphicyon
|2={{clade
|?- †Ravenictis krausei (cimolesto)
|1=†'''[[Oxyaenidae|Oxyaenodonta]]''' [[File:Patriofelis ferox by R. B. Horsfall (coloured).png|60px]]
|?- †Vishnucyon
|2={{clade
`--+-- †Miacoidea (parafilético)
|thickness2=2 |label1=&nbsp;†'''Hyaenodonta'''&nbsp; |sublabel1=&nbsp;''sensu lato''&nbsp;
`--+-- †Viverravidae [Viverraroidea]
|1={{clade
`--+-- †Miacidea (parafilético)
|1=†[[Hyaenodonta|'''Hyaenodonta''' {{small|(''sensu stricto'')}}]] [[File:Hyaenodon_horridus_by_R._B._Horsfall_(coloured).jpg|55px]]
`--+-- †Oodectes
`--+-- †Vulpavus
|2={{clade
`--+-- †Miacis
|1=†''[[Altacreodus]]''
`--+--+-- †Tapocyon
|2=†''[[Tinerhodon]]''
| `--+-- †Miacis sylvestris
}} }}
|label2=&nbsp;'''Carnivoramorpha'''&nbsp; |sublabel2=&nbsp;{{small|('''Carnivora''' ''sensu lato'')}}&nbsp;
| `-- †Prohesperocyon wilsoni
|2={{clade
`--+-- †Quergygale angustidens
|thickness=2
`-- †Nimravidae? (muy inestable posición con respecto a Carnivora -
|1={{clade
sin resolver en agosto de 2007)
|thickness=2 |label1=&nbsp;†'''[[Viverravidae|Viverravoidea]]'''&nbsp;
`-- Carnivora
`-- Caniformia
|1=†'''[[Viverravidae]]'''
`-- Aeluroidea
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dashed
|2=†''Carnivoramorfo'' sp. (''UALVP 50993'' & ''UALVP 50994'')
|label3=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state3=dashed
|3=†''[[Ravenictis]]''
}}
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dashed
|2=†''Carnivoramorfo'' sp. (''UALVP 31176'')
|label3=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state3=dashed
|3=†''Carnivoramorfo'' sp. (''WW-84: USNM 538395'')
|label4=&nbsp;'''Carnivoraformes'''&nbsp;
|4={{clade
|thickness=2
|1={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Neovulpavus]]'' |barbegin1=green
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dashed
|2=†''Carnivoraforme'' indet. Género A (''UCMP 110072'') |bar2=green |barlabel2='''''Neovulpavus'''''<br>clade
|3=†''"Miacis" medius'' |barend3=green
}}
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dashed
|2=†''Carnivoraforme'' indet. Género B (''SDSNH 56335'')
|3={{clade
|thickness=2
|1={{clade
|thickness=2 |grouplabel1=Clado de<br>'''''Vulpavus'''''
|1={{clade
|thickness=2
|1={{clade
|thickness=2
|1={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Dormaalocyon]]'' |barbegin1=#DF73FF
|2=†''"Miacis" exiguus'' |bar2=#DF73FF
}}
|2={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Vassacyon]]'' |bar1=#DF73FF
|2=†''[[Vulpavus]]'' |bar2=#DF73FF
}} }}
|2=†''"Miacis" deutschi'' |barend2=#DF73FF
}}
|grouplabel2=Clado de<br>'''''Uintacyon'''''
|2={{clade
|thickness=2
|1={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Miocyon]]'' |barbegin1=#81D8D0
|2=†''[[Simamphicyon]]'' |bar2=#81D8D0
}}
|2=†''[[Zodiocyon]]'' |bar2=#81D8D0
|3={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Uintacyon]]'' |bar1=#81D8D0
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dashed
|2=†''"Miacis" lushiensis'' |bar2=#81D8D0
|label3=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state3=dashed
|3=†''"Miacis" thailandicus'' |bar3=#81D8D0
|label4=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state4=dashed
|4=†''"Miacis" invictus'' |barend4=#81D8D0
}} }}
|3=†''[[Miacis]]'' [[File:Miacis restoration.jpg|55px]]
|4=†''Carnivoraforme'' sp. (''PM 3868'')
|5=†''[[Dawsonicyon]]''
|6=†''"Miacis" petilus''
|7=†''"Miacis" latidens''
|label8=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state8=dashed
|8=†''"Miacis" boqinghensis''
|label9=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state9=dashed
|9=†''"Miacis" hookwayi''
|label10=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state10=dashed
|10=†''"Miacis" vulpinus''
|grouplabel11=Clado de<br>'''''Oodectes'''''
|11={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Paroodectes]]'' |barbegin1=#FFBF00
|2=†''[[Paramiacis]]'' |bar2=#FFBF00
|3=†''[[Eogale]]'' |bar3=#FFBF00
|4={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Gracilocyon]]'' |bar1=#FFBF00
|2=†''[[Oodectes]]'' |barend2=#FFBF00
}} }} }}
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dashed
|2=†''[[Ceruttia]]''
|3={{clade
|thickness=2
|1=†''[[Prodaphaenus]]''
|label2=&nbsp;'''?'''&nbsp; |state2=dashed
|2=†''[[Walshius]]''
|label3=&nbsp;'''[[Carnivora]]'''&nbsp; |sublabel3=&nbsp;''sensu stricto''&nbsp;
|3={{clade
|thickness=2
|1='''[[Feliformia]]''' [[File:Stamp-russia2014-save-russian-cats-(snow_leopard).png|50px]]
|2='''[[Caniformia]]''' [[File:Dogs,_jackals,_wolves,_and_foxes_(Plate_XI).jpg|50px]]
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}


==Referencias==
==Referencias==

Revisión del 08:14 6 ago 2020

 
Carnivoramorpha
Rango temporal: Paleoceno - Presente 65 Ma - 0 Ma
Taxonomía
Reino: Animalia
Filo: Chordata
Clase: Mammalia
(sin rango): Carnivoramorpha
subgrupos
[editar datos en Wikidata]

Los carnivoromorfos (Carnivoramorpha, gr. "con forma de carnívoro") son un clado de mamíferos que incluye al moderno orden Carnivora y a sus más cercanos parientes extintos del orden Miacoidea (las familias Miacinae y Viverravidae), pero excluye a los creodontos. El orden Creodonta es el taxón hermano de Carnivoramorpha datando de hace 58,7 millones de años. Los más antiguos carnivoramorfos son los viverrávidos, y el más antiguo viverrávido generalmente aceptado es Protictis de hace unos 63 millones de años. Ravenictis, de Canadá, puede ser también un carnivoramorfo y esto podría extender el linaje hasta hace unos 65 millones de años en el pasado.[1]​

Clasificación y filogenia

Filogenia

Las relaciones filogenéticas de Carnivoramorpha son mostradas en el siguiente cladograma:[2]​[3]​[4]​[5]​[6]​[7]​[8]​[9]​

 Ferae 
 

Pholidotamorpha

 
 
 

†Oxyaenodonta

 
 
 †Hyaenodonta 
 

†Hyaenodonta (sensu stricto)

 
 
 

†Altacreodus

 
 

†Tinerhodon

 
 
 sensu lato 
 Carnivoramorpha 
 
 †Viverravoidea 

†Viverravidae

 
 ? 

†Carnivoramorfo sp. (UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994)

 
 ? 

†Ravenictis

 
 
 ? 

†Carnivoramorfo sp. (UALVP 31176)

 
 ? 

†Carnivoramorfo sp. (WW-84: USNM 538395)

 
 Carnivoraformes 
 
 

†Neovulpavus

 
 ? 

†Carnivoraforme indet. Género A (UCMP 110072)

Neovulpavus
clade
 
 

†"Miacis" medius

 
 
 ? 

†Carnivoraforme indet. Género B (SDSNH 56335)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

†Dormaalocyon

 
 

†"Miacis" exiguus

 
 
 
 

†Vassacyon

 
 

†Vulpavus

 
 
 
 

†"Miacis" deutschi

 
Clado de
Vulpavus
 
 
 
 

†Miocyon

 
 

†Simamphicyon

 
 
 

†Zodiocyon

 
 
 

†Uintacyon

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" lushiensis

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" thailandicus

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" invictus

 
 
Clado de
Uintacyon
 
 

†Miacis

 
 

†Carnivoraforme sp. (PM 3868)

 
 

†Dawsonicyon

 
 

†"Miacis" petilus

 
 

†"Miacis" latidens

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" boqinghensis

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" hookwayi

 
 ? 

†"Miacis" vulpinus

 
 
 

†Paroodectes

 
 

†Paramiacis

 
 

†Eogale

 
 
 

†Gracilocyon

 
 

†Oodectes

 
 
Clado de
Oodectes
 
 
 ? 

†Ceruttia

 
 
 

†Prodaphaenus

 
 ? 

†Walshius

 
 Carnivora 
 

Feliformia

 
 

Caniformia

 
 sensu stricto 
 
 
 
 (Carnivora sensu lato) 
 
 
 

Referencias

  1. ↑ Bryant, H.N., and M. Wolson (2004) “Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Carnivoran Mammals.” First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting. Paris, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, July 6-9, 2004. «Copia archivada». Archivado desde el original el 6 de julio de 2008. Consultado el 20 de noviembre de 2013. 
  2. ↑ Bryant, H.N., and M. Wolson (2004) “Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Carnivoran Mammals.” First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting. Paris, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle
  3. ↑ John J. Flynn; John A. Finarelli; Michelle Spaulding (2010). «Phylogeny of the Carnivora and Carnivoramorpha, and the use of the fossil record to enhance understanding of evolutionary transformations». En Anjali Goswami; Anthony Friscia, eds. Carnivoran evolution. New views on phylogeny, form and function. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25-63. ISBN 9781139193436. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139193436.003. 
  4. ↑ Michelle Spaulding; John J. Flynn; Richard K. Stucky (2010). «A new basal Carnivoramorphan (Mammalia) from the 'Bridger B' (Black's Fork member, Bridger Formation, Bridgerian Nalma, middle Eocene) of Wyoming, USA». Palaeontology 53 (4): 815-832. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00963.x. 
  5. ↑ Susumu Tomiya (2011). «A new basal caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and remarks on the phylogeny of early carnivorans». PLOS One 6 (9): e24146. PMC 3173397. PMID 21935380. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024146. 
  6. ↑ Solé, Floréal; Smith, Richard; Coillot, Tiphaine; de Bast, Eric; Smith, Thierry (2014). «Dental and tarsal anatomy of Miacis latouri and a phylogenetic analysis of the earliest carnivoraforms (Mammalia, Carnivoramorpha)». Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34 (1): 1-21. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.793195. 
  7. ↑ Solé, Floréal; Smith, Thierry; De Bast, Eric; Codrea, Vlad; Gheerbrant, Emmanuel (2016). «New carnivoraforms from the latest Paleocene of Europe and their bearing on the origin and radiation of Carnivoraformes (Carnivoramorpha, Mammalia)». Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36 (2): e1082480. ISSN 0272-4634. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1082480. 
  8. ↑ Solé, F. & Ladevèze, S. (2017). "Evolution of the hypercarnivorous dentition in mammals (Metatheria, Eutheria) and its bearing on the development of tribosphenic molars." Evolution & Development, 19(2), 56–68.
  9. ↑ Prevosti, F. J., & Forasiepi, A. M. (2018). "Introduction. Evolution of South American Mammalian Predators During the Cenozoic: Paleobiogeographic and Paleoenvironmental Contingencies"
  • Archibold, J.D., and K.D. Rose (eds.). (2005). “The Rise of Placental Mammals: Origins and Relationships of the Major Clades.” Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8022-X
  • Archibold, J.D., and K.D. Rose. (2005). “Womb with a View: the Rise of Placentals.” [1]
  • Benton, Michael J. and Philip C.J. Donoghue. (2007). “Paleontological Evidence to Date the Tree of Life.” Dating the Tree of Life 31. [2]
  • Flynn, John J. and Gina D. Wesley-Hunt. 2005. "Phylogeny of the Carnivora: Basal Relationships Among the Carnivoramorphans, and Assessment of the Position of 'Miacoidea' Relative to Carnivora." Journal of Systematic Paleontology, 3: 1-28. Abstract: [3]
  • Haaramo, Mikko. (2005). “Mikko's Phylogeny Archive Carnivoramorpha - Carnivores and relatives.” Retrieved February 17, 2007, from: [4] Archivado el 19 de mayo de 2001 en Wayback Machine.
  • Stiles, David P. (2005). “An investigation of the Vulpes and Urocyon phylogenetic classification: Feliformia or Caniformia?” Fox Phylogeny. Vertebrate Evolution – Fall 2005, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA. [5]
  • Wesley-Hunt, Gina D. (2006). “The Morphological Diversification of Carnivores in North America.” Paleobiology. Vol. 31, Issue 1, pp. 35–55. [6]
  • Wyss, A. R. & Flynn, J. J. (1993). “A Phylogenetic Analysis and Definition of the Carnivora.” in Mammal Phylogeny – Placentals, Szalay, F.S., M.J. Novacek and M.C. McKenna (eds.). ISBN 0387978534.
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