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Receptor de estrógeno alfa

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(Redirigido desde «ESR1»)
Receptor de estrógeno alfa

Estructura tridimensional del receptor de estrógeno alfa.
Estructuras disponibles
PDB

Buscar ortólogos: PDBe, RCSB

 Lista de códigos PDB
1a52
Identificadores
Símbolos ESR1 (HGNC: 3467) ER; DKFZp686N23123; ESR; ESRA; Era; NR3A1
Identificadores
externos
Locus Cr. 6 q24-q27
Ortólogos
Especies
Humano Ratón
Entrez
2099
UniProt
P03372 n/a
RefSeq
(ARNm)
NP_000116 n/a
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El receptor de estrógeno alfa, también denominado ER-alfa o NR3A1 (de sus siglas en inglés "Nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group A, member 1"), es uno de los miembros de la familia de factores de transcripción de receptores nucleares, activado por una hormona sexual, el estrógeno, y codificado en humanos por el gen ESR1.[1]​[2]​[3]​

Estructura

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El receptor de estrógeno es un factor de transcripción activado por ligando compuesto de varios dominios implicados en la unión de la hormona, en la unión al ADN y en la activación de la transcripción.[4]​ Se han descrito hasta 5 variantes transcripcionales del gen ESR1 obtenidas mediante splicing alternativo, que dan lugar a 5 ARNms diferentes los cuales se diferencian en las regiones 5' no traducidas. Los receptores resultantes de estas variantes muestran menos variabilidad.[5]​[6]​

Coactivadores

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Los principales coactivadores del receptor de estrógeno alfa son los siguientes:

Interacciones

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El receptor de estrógeno alfa ha demostrado ser capaz de interaccionar con:

Referencias

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  1. ↑ «Entrez Gene: ESR1 estrogen receptor 1». 
  2. ↑ Walter P, Green S, Greene G, Krust A, Bornert JM, Jeltsch JM, Staub A, Jensen E, Scrace G, Waterfield M (diciembre de 1985). «Cloning of the human estrogen receptor cDNA». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82 (23): 7889-93. PMC 390875. PMID 3865204. doi:10.1073/pnas.82.23.7889. 
  3. ↑ Greene GL, Gilna P, Waterfield M, Baker A, Hort Y, Shine J (marzo de 1986). «Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA». Science (journal) 231 (4742): 1150-1154. PMID 3753802. doi:10.1126/science.3753802. 
  4. ↑ Dahlman-Wright K, Cavailles V, Fuqua SA, Jordan VC, Katzenellenbogen JA, Korach KS, Maggi A, Muramatsu M, Parker MG, Gustafsson JA (diciembre de 2006). «International Union of Pharmacology. LXIV. Estrogen receptors». Pharmacol. Rev. 58 (4): 773-781. PMID 17132854. doi:10.1124/pr.58.4.8. 
  5. ↑ Kos M, Reid G, Denger S, Gannon F (diciembre de 2001). «Minireview: genomic organization of the human ERalpha gene promoter region». Mol. Endocrinol. 15 (12): 2057-2063. PMID 11731608. doi:10.1210/me.15.12.2057. 
  6. ↑ «Entrez Gene: DBI diazepam binding inhibitor (GABA receptor modulator, acyl-Coenzyme A binding protein)». 
  7. ↑ Shang Y, Brown M (2002). «Molecular determinants for the tissue specificity of SERMs». Science 295 (5564): 2465-8. PMID 11923541. doi:10.1126/science.1068537. 
  8. ↑ Smith CL, O'Malley BW (2004). «Coregulator function: a key to understanding tissue specificity of selective receptor modulators». Endocr Rev 25 (1): 45-71. PMID 14769827. doi:10.1210/er.2003-0023. 
  9. ↑ Anzick SL, Kononen J, Walker RL, Azorsa DO, Tanner MM, Guan XY, Sauter G, Kallioniemi OP, Trent JM, Meltzer PS (1997). «AIB1, a steroid receptor coactivator amplified in breast and ovarian cancer». Science 277 (5328): 965-8. PMID 9252329. doi:10.1126/science.277.5328.965. 
  10. ↑ Gururaj AE, Peng S, Vadlamudi RK, Kumar R (agosto de 2007). «Estrogen induces expression of BCAS3, a novel estrogen receptor-alpha coactivator, through proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1 (PELP1)». Mol. Endocrinol. 21 (8): 1847-60. PMID 17505058. doi:10.1210/me.2006-0514. 
  11. ↑ Kumar, Rakesh; Wang Rui-An, Mazumdar Abhijit, Talukder Amjad H, Mandal Mahitosh, Yang Zhibo, Bagheri-Yarmand Rozita, Sahin Aysegul, Hortobagyi Gabriel, Adam Liana, Barnes Christopher J, Vadlamudi Ratna K (Aug. de 2002). «A naturally occurring MTA1 variant sequesters oestrogen receptor-alpha in the cytoplasm». Nature (England) 418 (6898): 654-7. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 12167865. doi:10.1038/nature00889. 
  12. ↑ Mazumdar, A; Wang R A, Mishra S K, Adam L, Bagheri-Yarmand R, Mandal M, Vadlamudi R K, Kumar R (Jan. de 2001). «Transcriptional repression of oestrogen receptor by metastasis-associated protein 1 corepressor». Nat. Cell Biol. (England) 3 (1): 30-7. ISSN 1465-7392. PMID 11146623. doi:10.1038/35050532. 
  13. ↑ Abbondanza, C; Rossi V, Roscigno A, Gallo L, Belsito A, Piluso G, Medici N, Nigro V, Molinari A M, Moncharmont B, Puca G A (Jun. de 1998). «Interaction of vault particles with estrogen receptor in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell». J. Cell Biol. (UNITED STATES) 141 (6): 1301-10. ISSN 0021-9525. PMID 9628887. 
  14. ↑ a b Budhram-Mahadeo, V; Parker M, Latchman D S (Feb. de 1998). «POU transcription factors Brn-3a and Brn-3b interact with the estrogen receptor and differentially regulate transcriptional activity via an estrogen response element». Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 18 (2): 1029-41. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 9448000. 
  15. ↑ Abbondanza, C; Medici N, Nigro V, Rossi V, Gallo L, Piluso G, Belsito A, Roscigno A, Bontempo P, Puca A A, Molinari A M, Moncharmont B, Puca G A (Mar. de 2000). «The retinoblastoma-interacting zinc-finger protein RIZ is a downstream effector of estrogen action». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 97 (7): 3130-5. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 10706618. doi:10.1073/pnas.050015697. 
  16. ↑ Ma, Z Q; Liu Z, Ngan E S, Tsai S Y (Dec. de 2001). «Cdc25B functions as a novel coactivator for the steroid receptors». Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States) 21 (23): 8056-67. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 11689696. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.23.8056-8067.2001. 
  17. ↑ Shyr, Chih-Rong; Hu Yueh-Chiang, Kim Eungseok, Chang Chawnshang (Apr. de 2002). «Modulation of estrogen receptor-mediated transactivation by orphan receptor TR4 in MCF-7 cells». J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (17): 14622-8. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11844790. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110051200. 
  18. ↑ Hu, Yueh-Chiang; Shyr Chih-Rong, Che Wenyi, Mu Xiao-Min, Kim Eungseok, Chang Chawnshang (Sep. de 2002). «Suppression of estrogen receptor-mediated transcription and cell growth by interaction with TR2 orphan receptor». J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (37): 33571-9. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12093804. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203531200. 
  19. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Kang, Yun Kyoung; Guermah Mohamed, Yuan Chao-Xing, Roeder Robert G (Mar. de 2002). «The TRAP/Mediator coactivator complex interacts directly with estrogen receptors alpha and beta through the TRAP220 subunit and directly enhances estrogen receptor function in vitro». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (United States) 99 (5): 2642-7. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 11867769. doi:10.1073/pnas.261715899. 
  20. ↑ a b Sheppard, H M; Harries J C, Hussain S, Bevan C, Heery D M (Jan. de 2001). «Analysis of the steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC1)-CREB binding protein interaction interface and its importance for the function of SRC1». Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 21 (1): 39-50. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 11113179. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.1.39-50.2001. 
  21. ↑ a b c Fan, Saijun; Ma Yong Xian, Wang Chenguang, Yuan Ren-Qi, Meng Qinghui, Wang Ji-An, Erdos Michael, Goldberg Itzhak D, Webb Paul, Kushner Peter J, Pestell Richard G, Rosen Eliot M (Jan. de 2002). «p300 Modulates the BRCA1 inhibition of estrogen receptor activity». Cancer Res. (United States) 62 (1): 141-51. ISSN 0008-5472. PMID 11782371. 
  22. ↑ Schlegel, A; Wang C, Pestell R G, Lisanti M P (Oct. de 2001). «Ligand-independent activation of oestrogen receptor alpha by caveolin-1». Biochem. J. (England) 359 (Pt 1): 203-10. ISSN 0264-6021. PMID 11563984. 
  23. ↑ a b c Kitagawa, Hirochika; Fujiki Ryoji, Yoshimura Kimihiro, Mezaki Yoshihiro, Uematsu Yoshikatsu, Matsui Daisuke, Ogawa Satoko, Unno Kiyoe, Okubo Mataichi, Tokita Akifumi, Nakagawa Takeya, Ito Takashi, Ishimi Yukio, Nagasawa Hiromichi, Matsumoto Toshio, Yanagisawa Junn, Kato Shigeaki (Jun. de 2003). «The chromatin-remodeling complex WINAC targets a nuclear receptor to promoters and is impaired in Williams syndrome». Cell (United States) 113 (7): 905-17. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 12837248. 
  24. ↑ Wärnmark, Anette; Treuter Eckardt, Gustafsson Jan-Ake, Hubbard Roderick E, Brzozowski Andrzej M, Pike Ashley C W (Jun. de 2002). «Interaction of transcriptional intermediary factor 2 nuclear receptor box peptides with the coactivator binding site of estrogen receptor alpha». J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (24): 21862-8. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11937504. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200764200. 
  25. ↑ a b c d e f Watanabe, M; Yanagisawa J; Kitagawa H; Takeyama K; Ogawa S; Arao Y; Suzawa M; Kobayashi Y; Yano T; Yoshikawa H; Masuhiro Y; Kato S (Mar. de 2001). «A subfamily of RNA-binding DEAD-box proteins acts as an estrogen receptor alpha coactivator through the N-terminal activation domain (AF-1) with an RNA coactivator, SRA». EMBO J. (England) 20 (6): 1341-52. ISSN 0261-4189. PMID 11250900. doi:10.1093/emboj/20.6.1341. 
  26. ↑ He, Bin; Wilson Elizabeth M (Mar. de 2003). «Electrostatic modulation in steroid receptor recruitment of LXXLL and FXXLF motifs». Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States) 23 (6): 2135-50. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 12612084. 
  27. ↑ Fenne, Ingvild S; Hoang Tuyen, Hauglid Marianne, Sagen Jørn Vegard, Lien Ernst A, Mellgren Gunnar (Sep. de 2008). «Recruitment of coactivator glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1 to an estrogen receptor transcription complex is regulated by the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase». Endocrinology (United States) 149 (9): 4336-45. ISSN 0013-7227. PMID 18499756. doi:10.1210/en.2008-0037. 
  28. ↑ a b Johnsen, Steven A; Güngör Cenap, Prenzel Tanja, Riethdorf Sabine, Riethdorf Lutz, Taniguchi-Ishigaki Naoko, Rau Thomas, Tursun Baris, Furlow J David, Sauter Guido, Scheffner Martin, Pantel Klaus, Gannon Frank, Bach Ingolf (Jan. de 2009). «Regulation of estrogen-dependent transcription by the LIM cofactors CLIM and RLIM in breast cancer». Cancer Res. (United States) 69 (1): 128-36. PMID 19117995. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-1630. 
  29. ↑ Zwijsen, R M; Wientjens E, Klompmaker R, van der Sman J, Bernards R, Michalides R J (Feb. de 1997). «CDK-independent activation of estrogen receptor by cyclin D1». Cell (UNITED STATES) 88 (3): 405-15. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 9039267. 
  30. ↑ Wong, C W; Komm B, Cheskis B J (Jun. de 2001). «Structure-function evaluation of ER alpha and beta interplay with SRC family coactivators. ER selective ligands». Biochemistry (United States) 40 (23): 6756-65. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 11389589. 
  31. ↑ Tikkanen, M K; Carter D J, Harris A M, Le H M, Azorsa D O, Meltzer P S, Murdoch F E (Nov. de 2000). «Endogenously expressed estrogen receptor and coactivator AIB1 interact in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 97 (23): 12536-40. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 11050174. doi:10.1073/pnas.220427297. 
  32. ↑ Cavaillès, V; Dauvois S, L'Horset F, Lopez G, Hoare S, Kushner P J, Parker M G (Aug. de 1995). «Nuclear factor RIP140 modulates transcriptional activation by the estrogen receptor». EMBO J. (ENGLAND) 14 (15): 3741-51. ISSN 0261-4189. PMID 7641693. 
  33. ↑ a b Thénot, S; Henriquet C, Rochefort H, Cavaillès V (mayo. de 1997). «Differential interaction of nuclear receptors with the putative human transcriptional coactivator hTIF1». J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 272 (18): 12062-8. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 9115274. 
  34. ↑ L'Horset, F; Dauvois S, Heery D M, Cavaillès V, Parker M G (Nov. de 1996). «RIP-140 interacts with multiple nuclear receptors by means of two distinct sites». Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 16 (11): 6029-36. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 8887632. 
  35. ↑ Wormke, Mark; Stoner Matthew, Saville Bradley, Walker Kelcey, Abdelrahim Maen, Burghardt Robert, Safe Stephen (Mar. de 2003). «The aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates degradation of estrogen receptor alpha through activation of proteasomes». Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States) 23 (6): 1843-55. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 12612060. 
  36. ↑ Klinge, C M; Kaur K, Swanson H I (Jan. de 2000). «The aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacts with estrogen receptor alpha and orphan receptors COUP-TFI and ERRalpha1». Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (UNITED STATES) 373 (1): 163-74. ISSN 0003-9861. PMID 10620335. doi:10.1006/abbi.1999.1552. 
  37. ↑ Endoh, H; Maruyama K; Masuhiro Y; Kobayashi Y; Goto M; Tai H; Yanagisawa J; Metzger D; Hashimoto S; Kato S (Aug. de 1999). «Purification and identification of p68 RNA helicase acting as a transcriptional coactivator specific for the activation function 1 of human estrogen receptor alpha». Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 19 (8): 5363-72. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 10409727. 
  38. ↑ Schuur, E R; Loktev A V, Sharma M, Sun Z, Roth R A, Weigel R J (Sep. de 2001). «Ligand-dependent interaction of estrogen receptor-alpha with members of the forkhead transcription factor family». J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 276 (36): 33554-60. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11435445. doi:10.1074/jbc.M105555200. 
  39. ↑ Migliaccio, A; Castoria G, Di Domenico M, de Falco A, Bilancio A, Lombardi M, Barone M V, Ametrano D, Zannini M S, Abbondanza C, Auricchio F (Oct. de 2000). «Steroid-induced androgen receptor-oestradiol receptor beta-Src complex triggers prostate cancer cell proliferation». EMBO J. (ENGLAND) 19 (20): 5406-17. ISSN 0261-4189. PMID 11032808. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.20.5406. 
  40. ↑ a b Teo, A K; Oh H K, Ali R B, Li B F (Oct. de 2001). «The modified human DNA repair enzyme O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase is a negative regulator of estrogen receptor-mediated transcription upon alkylation DNA damage». Mol. Cell. Biol. (United States) 21 (20): 7105-14. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 11564893. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.20.7105-7114.2001. 
  41. ↑ Kim, H J; Yi J Y, Sung H S, Moore D D, Jhun B H, Lee Y C, Lee J W (Sep. de 1999). «Activating signal cointegrator 1, a novel transcription coactivator of nuclear receptors, and its cytosolic localization under conditions of serum deprivation». Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 19 (9): 6323-32. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 10454579. 
  42. ↑ Slentz-Kesler, K; Moore J T, Lombard M, Zhang J, Hollingsworth R, Weiner M P (Oct. de 2000). «Identification of the human Mnk2 gene (MKNK2) through protein interaction with estrogen receptor beta». Genomics (UNITED STATES) 69 (1): 63-71. ISSN 0888-7543. PMID 11013076. doi:10.1006/geno.2000.6299. 
  43. ↑ Qi, Chao; Chang Jeffrey, Zhu Yiwei, Yeldandi Anjana V, Rao Sambasiva M, Zhu Yi-Jun (Aug. de 2002). «Identification of protein arginine methyltransferase 2 as a coactivator for estrogen receptor alpha». J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (32): 28624-30. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12039952. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201053200. 
  44. ↑ Jung, Dong-Ju; Na Soon-Young, Na Doe Sun, Lee Jae Woon (Jan. de 2002). «Molecular cloning and characterization of CAPER, a novel coactivator of activating protein-1 and estrogen receptors». J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 277 (2): 1229-34. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11704680. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110417200. 
  45. ↑ a b DiRenzo, J; Shang Y; Phelan M; Sif S; Myers M; Kingston R; Brown M (Oct. de 2000). «BRG-1 is recruited to estrogen-responsive promoters and cooperates with factors involved in histone acetylation». Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 20 (20): 7541-9. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 11003650. 
  46. ↑ Kalkhoven, E; Valentine J E, Heery D M, Parker M G (Jan. de 1998). «Isoforms of steroid receptor co-activator 1 differ in their ability to potentiate transcription by the oestrogen receptor». EMBO J. (ENGLAND) 17 (1): 232-43. ISSN 0261-4189. PMID 9427757. doi:10.1093/emboj/17.1.232. 
  47. ↑ Rubino, D; Driggers P; Arbit D; Kemp L; Miller B; Coso O; Pagliai K; Gray K; Gutkind S; Segars J (mayo. de 1998). «Characterization of Brx, a novel Dbl family member that modulates estrogen receptor action». Oncogene (ENGLAND) 16 (19): 2513-26. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 9627117. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201783. 
  48. ↑ Ogawa, S; Inoue S; Watanabe T; Hiroi H; Orimo A; Hosoi T; Ouchi Y; Muramatsu M (Feb. de 1998). «The complete primary structure of human estrogen receptor beta (hER beta) and its heterodimerization with ER alpha in vivo and in vitro». Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (UNITED STATES) 243 (1): 122-6. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 9473491. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7893. 
  49. ↑ Poelzl, G; Kasai Y, Mochizuki N, Shaul P W, Brown M, Mendelsohn M E (Mar. de 2000). «Specific association of estrogen receptor beta with the cell cycle spindle assembly checkpoint protein, MAD2». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (UNITED STATES) 97 (6): 2836-9. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 10706629. doi:10.1073/pnas.050580997. 
  50. ↑ Chan, S W; Hong W (Jul. de 2001). «Retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 (Rbp2) potentiates nuclear hormone receptor-mediated transcription». J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 276 (30): 28402-12. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 11358960. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100313200. 
  51. ↑ Chen, D; Riedl T, Washbrook E, Pace P E, Coombes R C, Egly J M, Ali S (Jul. de 2000). «Activation of estrogen receptor alpha by S118 phosphorylation involves a ligand-dependent interaction with TFIIH and participation of CDK7». Mol. Cell (UNITED STATES) 6 (1): 127-37. ISSN 1097-2765. PMID 10949034. 
  52. ↑ Thénot, S; Bonnet S, Boulahtouf A, Margeat E, Royer C A, Borgna J L, Cavaillès V (Dec. de 1999). «Effect of ligand and DNA binding on the interaction between human transcription intermediary factor 1alpha and estrogen receptors». Mol. Endocrinol. (UNITED STATES) 13 (12): 2137-50. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 10598587. 
  53. ↑ Ding, Lihua; Yan Jinghua, Zhu Jianhua, Zhong Hongjun, Lu Qiujun, Wang Zonghua, Huang Cuifen, Ye Qinong (Sep. de 2003). «Ligand-independent activation of estrogen receptor alpha by XBP-1». Nucleic Acids Res. (England) 31 (18): 5266-74. PMID 12954762. 
  54. ↑ Chen, Dongsheng; Lucey Marie J, Phoenix Fladia, Lopez-Garcia Jorge, Hart Stephen M, Losson Régine, Buluwela Lakjaya, Coombes R Charles, Chambon Pierre, Schär Primo, Ali Simak (Oct. de 2003). «T:G mismatch-specific thymine-DNA glycosylase potentiates transcription of estrogen-regulated genes through direct interaction with estrogen receptor alpha». J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (40): 38586-92. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12874288. doi:10.1074/jbc.M304286200. 
  55. ↑ Aiyar, Sarah E; Sun Jian-long, Blair Ashley L, Moskaluk Christopher A, Lu Yun-zhe, Ye Qi-Nong, Yamaguchi Yuki, Mukherjee Amitava, Ren Da-ming, Handa Hiroshi, Li Rong (Sep. de 2004). «Attenuation of estrogen receptor alpha-mediated transcription through estrogen-stimulated recruitment of a negative elongation factor». Genes Dev. (United States) 18 (17): 2134-46. ISSN 0890-9369. PMID 15342491. doi:10.1101/gad.1214104. 
  56. ↑ Zheng, L; Annab L A, Afshari C A, Lee W H, Boyer T G (Aug. de 2001). «BRCA1 mediates ligand-independent transcriptional repression of the estrogen receptor». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (United States) 98 (17): 9587-92. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 11493692. doi:10.1073/pnas.171174298. 
  57. ↑ Fan, S; Ma Y X, Wang C, Yuan R Q, Meng Q, Wang J A, Erdos M, Goldberg I D, Webb P, Kushner P J, Pestell R G, Rosen E M (Jan. de 2001). «Role of direct interaction in BRCA1 inhibition of estrogen receptor activity». Oncogene (England) 20 (1): 77-87. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 11244506. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204073. 
  58. ↑ Kawai, Hideki; Li Huchun, Chun Philip, Avraham Shalom, Avraham Hava Karsenty (Oct. de 2002). «Direct interaction between BRCA1 and the estrogen receptor regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transcription and secretion in breast cancer cells». Oncogene (England) 21 (50): 7730-9. ISSN 0950-9232. PMID 12400015. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205971. 
  59. ↑ Seol, W; Hanstein B, Brown M, Moore D D (Oct. de 1998). «Inhibition of estrogen receptor action by the orphan receptor SHP (short heterodimer partner)». Mol. Endocrinol. (UNITED STATES) 12 (10): 1551-7. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 9773978. 
  60. ↑ Klinge, Carolyn M; Jernigan Sarah C, Risinger Kelly E (Mar. de 2002). «The agonist activity of tamoxifen is inhibited by the short heterodimer partner orphan nuclear receptor in human endometrial cancer cells». Endocrinology (United States) 143 (3): 853-67. ISSN 0013-7227. PMID 11861507. 
  61. ↑ Townson, Steven M; Kang Kaiyan, Lee Adrian V, Oesterreich Steffi (Jun. de 2004). «Structure-function analysis of the estrogen receptor alpha corepressor scaffold attachment factor-B1: identification of a potent transcriptional repression domain». J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 279 (25): 26074-81. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 15066997. doi:10.1074/jbc.M313726200. 
  62. ↑ Oesterreich, S; Zhang Q, Hopp T, Fuqua S A, Michaelis M, Zhao H H, Davie J R, Osborne C K, Lee A V (Mar. de 2000). «Tamoxifen-bound estrogen receptor (ER) strongly interacts with the nuclear matrix protein HET/SAF-B, a novel inhibitor of ER-mediated transactivation». Mol. Endocrinol. (UNITED STATES) 14 (3): 369-81. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 10707955. 
  63. ↑ Boruk, M; Savory J G, Haché R J (Nov. de 1998). «AF-2-dependent potentiation of CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta-mediated transcriptional activation by glucocorticoid receptor». Mol. Endocrinol. (UNITED STATES) 12 (11): 1749-63. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 9817600. 
  64. ↑ Stein, B; Yang M X (Sep. de 1995). «Repression of the interleukin-6 promoter by estrogen receptor is mediated by NF-kappa B and C/EBP beta». Mol. Cell. Biol. (UNITED STATES) 15 (9): 4971-9. ISSN 0270-7306. PMID 7651415. 
  65. ↑ Song, Robert X-D; McPherson Robert A, Adam Liana, Bao Yongde, Shupnik Margaret, Kumar Rakesh, Santen Richard J (Jan. de 2002). «Linkage of rapid estrogen action to MAPK activation by ERalpha-Shc association and Shc pathway activation». Mol. Endocrinol. (United States) 16 (1): 116-27. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 11773443. 
  66. ↑ Lee, S K; Anzick S L, Choi J E, Bubendorf L, Guan X Y, Jung Y K, Kallioniemi O P, Kononen J, Trent J M, Azorsa D, Jhun B H, Cheong J H, Lee Y C, Meltzer P S, Lee J W (Nov. de 1999). «A nuclear factor, ASC-2, as a cancer-amplified transcriptional coactivator essential for ligand-dependent transactivation by nuclear receptors in vivo». J. Biol. Chem. (UNITED STATES) 274 (48): 34283-93. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 10567404. 
  67. ↑ Ko, Lan; Cardona Guemalli R, Iwasaki Toshiharu, Bramlett Kelli S, Burris Thomas P, Chin William W (Jan. de 2002). «Ser-884 adjacent to the LXXLL motif of coactivator TRBP defines selectivity for ERs and TRs». Mol. Endocrinol. (United States) 16 (1): 128-40. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 11773444. 
  68. ↑ Belandia, Borja; Orford Rob L, Hurst Helen C, Parker Malcolm G (Aug. de 2002). «Targeting of SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complexes to estrogen-responsive genes». EMBO J. (England) 21 (15): 4094-103. ISSN 0261-4189. PMID 12145209. 
  69. ↑ Townson, Steven M; Dobrzycka Klaudia M, Lee Adrian V, Air Mamie, Deng Wanleng, Kang Kaiyan, Jiang Shiming, Kioka Noriyuki, Michaelis Kai, Oesterreich Steffi (mayo. de 2003). «SAFB2, a new scaffold attachment factor homolog and estrogen receptor corepressor». J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (22): 20059-68. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12660241. doi:10.1074/jbc.M212988200. 
  70. ↑ Bu, Hengfu; Kashireddy Papreddy, Chang Jeffrey, Zhu Yiwei Tony, Zhang Zhongyi, Zheng Wei, Rao Sambasiva M, Zhu Yi-Jun (Apr. de 2004). «ERBP, a novel estrogen receptor binding protein enhancing the activity of estrogen receptor». Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (United States) 317 (1): 54-9. ISSN 0006-291X. PMID 15047147. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.02.179. 
  71. ↑ Nair, S C; Toran E J, Rimerman R A, Hjermstad S, Smithgall T E, Smith D F (Dec. de 1996). «A pathway of multi-chaperone interactions common to diverse regulatory proteins: estrogen receptor, Fes tyrosine kinase, heat shock transcription factor Hsf1, and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor». Cell Stress Chaperones (UNITED STATES) 1 (4): 237-50. ISSN 1355-8145. PMID 9222609. 
  72. ↑ Lee, Mi Ock; Kim Eun Ok, Kwon Ho Jeong, Kim Young Mi, Kang Hyo Jin, Kang Heonjoong, Lee Jong Eun (Feb. de 2002). «Radicicol represses the transcriptional function of the estrogen receptor by suppressing the stabilization of the receptor by heat shock protein 90». Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. (Ireland) 188 (1-2): 47-54. ISSN 0303-7207. PMID 11911945. 
  73. ↑ Fajas, Lluis; Egler Viviane, Reiter Raphael, Hansen Jacob, Kristiansen Karsten, Debril Marie-Bernard, Miard Stéphanie, Auwerx Johan (Dec. de 2002). «The retinoblastoma-histone deacetylase 3 complex inhibits PPARgamma and adipocyte differentiation». Dev. Cell (United States) 3 (6): 903-10. ISSN 1534-5807. PMID 12479814. 
  74. ↑ Ichinose, H; Garnier J M, Chambon P, Losson R (Mar. de 1997). «Ligand-dependent interaction between the estrogen receptor and the human homologues of SWI2/SNF2». Gene (NETHERLANDS) 188 (1): 95-100. ISSN 0378-1119. PMID 9099865. 
  75. ↑ Gay, F; Anglade I; Gong Z; Salbert G (Oct. de 2000). «The LIM/homeodomain protein islet-1 modulates estrogen receptor functions». Mol. Endocrinol. (UNITED STATES) 14 (10): 1627-48. ISSN 0888-8809. PMID 11043578. 
  76. ↑ Talukder, Amjad H; Mishra Sandip K, Mandal Mahitosh, Balasenthil Seetharaman, Mehta Sonal, Sahin Aysegul A, Barnes Christopher J, Kumar Rakesh (Mar. de 2003). «MTA1 interacts with MAT1, a cyclin-dependent kinase-activating kinase complex ring finger factor, and regulates estrogen receptor transactivation functions». J. Biol. Chem. (United States) 278 (13): 11676-85. ISSN 0021-9258. PMID 12527756. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209570200. 
  77. ↑ Métivier, Raphaël; Gay Frédérique A, Hübner Michael R, Flouriot Gilles, Salbert Gilles, Gannon Frank, Kah Olivier, Pakdel Farzad (Jul. de 2002). «Formation of an hER alpha-COUP-TFI complex enhances hER alpha AF-1 through Ser118 phosphorylation by MAPK». EMBO J. (England) 21 (13): 3443-53. ISSN 0261-4189. PMID 12093745. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf344. 
  78. ↑ Lu Q, Pallas DC, Surks HK, Baur WE, Mendelsohn ME, Karas RH (2004). «Striatin assembles a membrane signaling complex necessary for rapid, nongenomic activation of endothelial NO synthase by estrogen receptor alpha». Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 101 (49): 17126-31. PMC 534607. PMID 15569929. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407492101. 

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