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Revisión del 02:46 11 nov 2017

Los imperios africanos^[1] fueron Estados^[2] que incluían estructuras multinacionales que englobaban poblaciones y políticas variadas en una sola entidad, normalmente mediante las conquistas.^[3] Su número e importancia han variado^[4] a lo largo de la historia.^[5]^[6] En este artículo aparece un listado de aquellos imperios^[7] cuya capital estuvo en el continente africano,^[8] apareciendo únicamente estados que tuvieron autoridad sobre grupos unificados (estados étnicos con reyes o jefes, más que simplemente etnicidades sin liderazgo centralizado más que el emperador).^[9]

Imperios africanos por fecha

Imperio egipcio (1570 a. C. – 1070 a. C.).^[10]
Reino de Kush (760 a. C. – 656 a. C.).^[11]
Imperio cartaginés (575 BC - 146 BC).
Reino de Aksum (50-937).^[12]
Imperio Kanem-Bornu (700-1376; 1396-1893).^[13]^[14]
Imperio de Ghana (750-1076).^[15]
Califato Fatimí (910-1171).
Califato almorávide (1061 - 1147).
Imperio almohade (1121-1269).
Imperio Etíope (1137-1974).^[16]
Sultanato Ayubí (1171-1254).
Sultanato Benimerín (1195-1465).
Imperio de Malí (1235-1645).^[17]
Sultanato Mameluco de Egipto (1250-1517).
Imperio Songhay (1340-1591).^[18]
Imperio Jolof o Wólof (1360-1889).
Reino del Congo, Ouattara o Wattara (1395–1885).
Imperio Oyo (1400-1895).^[19]
Sultanato de Adal (1415-1555).
Reino de Benín (1440-1897).^[20]
Sultanato de Sennar (1502-1821).
Reino de Gabú o Senegambia (1532-1867).
Reino de Luba (1585-1885).
Imperio lunda (1660-1887).
Confederación Aro (1690-1902).
Imperio Asante (1701-1894).^[21]
Imperio Bamana o Ségou (1712-1896).
Reino de Cazembe (1740-1897).
Califato Sokoto (1804-1903).
Reino de Yeke (1840-1891).
Reino Bulozi (c. 1840-1864).
Estado Libre de Orange (1854-1902).^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25]
República Sudafricana (1856-1902).^[22]^[23]^[24]^[25]
Imperio Wassoulou o Mandinka (1878-1898).
Imperio Centroafricano (1976-1979).

Mayores imperios africanos por extensión

Califato Fatimí - 4,1 millones de km² (969 AD).^[26]
Sultanato mameluco - 2,1 millones de km² (en el año 1400).^[26]
Imperio almohade - 2 millones de km² (en el año 1220).^[26]
Imperio Songhai - 1,4 millones de km² (en 1590).^[18]
Imperio de Malí - 1,29 millones de km² (in 1312 AD).^[27]
Reino de Aksum - 1,25 millones de km² (in 350 AD).^[26]
Imperio egipcio - 1 millón de km² (in 1300 BC).^[26]
Califato almorávide - 1 millón de km² (in 1120 AD).^[26]

Cartografía de imperios africanos

Imágenes
Imperio egipcio en su apogeo (siglo XV a. C.)
Imperio cartaginés en el siglo III a. C.
Imperio aksumita c. 350.
Imperio fatimí
Imperio almorávide
Dinastía Mariní
Imperio de Malí, c. 1350
Imperio etíope, c. 1900
Imperio Songhai, c. 1500
Estado libre de Orange en la República Sudafricana (1885)

Véase también

Portal:África. Contenido relacionado con África.

.

Fuentes

Gates, Henry Louis & Kwame Anthony Appiah (1999). Africana: The Encylcopedia of the African and African American Experience. New York City: Basic Civitas Books. pp. 2095 Pages. ISBN 0-46500-071-1.
Hempstone, Smith (2007). Africa, Angry Young Giant. Whitefish: Kessinger Publishing, LLC. pp. 664 pages. ISBN 0-54844-300-9.
Hunwick, John O. (2003). Timbuktu and the Songahy Empire: pai de familia aiiii que delicia cara Al-Sa’di’s Ta’rikh Al-sudan Down to 1613 and other Contemporary Documents. Leiden: Brill Academic Publishers. pp. 488 Pages. ISBN 978-9-00412-822-4.
Innis, Harold A. (2006). Empire and Communications. Toronto: Dundurn Press Ltd. pp. 287 Pages. ISBN 1-55002-662-3.
Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2000). Africa and the West. Hauppauge: Nova Publishers. pp. 243 Pages. ISBN 1-56072-840-X.
Oliver, Roland (1975). The Cambridge History of Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-52120-981-1.
Oliver, Roland & Anthony Atmore (2001). Medieval Africa 1250-1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 251 Pages. ISBN 0-52179-372-6.
Pankhurst, Richard (2001). The Ethiopians: A History. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 299 Pages. ISBN 0-63122-493-9.
Shillington, Kevin (2005). Encyclopedia of African History Volume 1 A-G. New York: Routledge. pp. 1912 pages. ISBN 1-57958-245-1.
Török, László (1999). The Kingdom of Kush: Handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization. Leiden: BRILL. p. 589. ISBN 9-00410-448-8.

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↑ Cultural Atlas of Africa, pp. 48 (Dr. Jocelyn Murray, 1998)
↑ Guide to African history. pp.9 (1971, by Basil Davidson)
↑ Mwakikagile, page 206
↑ Writing African History pp. 303 (2007, ed John Edward Philips, art Dr Isaac Olawale Albert)
↑ African empires and civilizations: ancient and medieval (1992, by George O Cox)
↑ African glory: the story of vanished Negro civilizations pp. 77, (Prof. John Coleman De Graft-Johnson, 1954)
↑ The gift of Black folk: the Negroes in the making of America, pp. 111 (1967, 1975, 2007 by Dr W.E.B. Du Bois)
↑ Basil Davidson (1995) Africa in History
↑ Webster's II Dictionary Editors, page 376
↑ Innis, page 40
↑ Török, page 132
↑ *East-West Orientation of Historical Empires. Peter Turchin, Jonathan M. Adams, and Thomas D. Hall. University of Connecticut. November 2004.
↑ Shillington, page 733
↑ Oliver & Atmore, page 12
↑ Ancient Ghana
↑ Pankhurst, page 45
↑ Oliver & Atmore, page 62
↑ ^a ^b Hunwick, page xlix
↑ Oliver, page 89
↑ Gates, page 223
↑ Giblert, Erik Africa in World History: From Prehistory to the Present 2004
↑ ^a ^b The Destruction of the Zulu Kingdom: The Civil War in Zululand, 1879-1884. pp. 263
↑ ^a ^b Land and Liberation: The South African National Liberation Movements and the Agrarian Question, 1920s-1960s, by Colin Bundy
↑ ^a ^b Basutoland Advances by Dan Tloome, 1955
↑ ^a ^b Social Construction of Race and Citizenship in South Africa by Ben Magubane, 2001
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Turchin, Peter and Jonathan M. Adams and Thomas D. Hall: "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States", page 222. Journal of World-Systems Research, Vol. XII, No. II, 2006
↑ Hempstone, page 312

[1] Cultural Atlas of Africa, pp. 48 (Dr. Jocelyn Murray, 1998)

[2] Guide to African history. pp.9 (1971, by Basil Davidson)

[3] Mwakikagile, page 206

[4] Writing African History pp. 303 (2007, ed John Edward Philips, art Dr Isaac Olawale Albert)

[5] African empires and civilizations: ancient and medieval (1992, by George O Cox)

[6] African glory: the story of vanished Negro civilizations pp. 77, (Prof. John Coleman De Graft-Johnson, 1954)

[7] The gift of Black folk: the Negroes in the making of America, pp. 111 (1967, 1975, 2007 by Dr W.E.B. Du Bois)

[8] Basil Davidson (1995) Africa in History

[Webster's_II_Dictionary_Editors_page_376-9] Webster's II Dictionary Editors, page 376

[10] Innis, page 40

[11] Török, page 132

[12] *East-West Orientation of Historical Empires. Peter Turchin, Jonathan M. Adams, and Thomas D. Hall. University of Connecticut. November 2004.

[13] Shillington, page 733

[14] Oliver & Atmore, page 12

[15] Ancient Ghana

[16] Pankhurst, page 45

[17] Oliver & Atmore, page 62

[Hunwick,_page_xlix-18] Hunwick, page xlix

[19] Oliver, page 89

[20] Gates, page 223

[21] Giblert, Erik Africa in World History: From Prehistory to the Present 2004

[Zulu_Kingdom_1884._pp._263-22] The Destruction of the Zulu Kingdom: The Civil War in Zululand, 1879-1884. pp. 263

[ReferenceA-23] Land and Liberation: The South African National Liberation Movements and the Agrarian Question, 1920s-1960s, by Colin Bundy

[Basutoland_1-24] Basutoland Advances by Dan Tloome, 1955

[Social_Construction_1-25] Social Construction of Race and Citizenship in South Africa by Ben Magubane, 2001

[africanempires-26] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Turchin, Peter and Jonathan M. Adams and Thomas D. Hall: "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States", page 222. Journal of World-Systems Research, Vol. XII, No. II, 2006

[27] Hempstone, page 312

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 *{{cita libro |autor=Török, László |título=The Kingdom of Kush: Handbook of the Napatan-Meroitic Civilization |editorial=BRILL |ubicación=Leiden |año=1999 |páginas= 589|isbn=9-00410-448-8}}
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-== Enlaces externos ==
-*[http://www.brown.edu/Facilities/Haffenreffer/yoruba2.html Haffenreffer Museum of Anthropology]
-[[Categoría:Imperios|Africanos]]
-[[Categoría:Civilizaciones]]
-[[Categoría:Antiguos imperios de África| ]]
-[[de:Liste historischer Staaten Afrikas]]
-[[pl:Cywilizacja afrykańska]]