Usuario:Juan Anselmi/Taller/-Firma-digital-en-Estonia

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Firma digital en Estonia (prolegómenos y texto en taller)[editar]

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Firma digital en Estonia[editar]

La firma electrónica permite a los usuarios realizar electrónicamente las acciones para las cuales previamente se tenía que otorgar una firma en papel.[1]​ Por su parte, el sistema de firma digital de Estonia es la base de algunos de sus servicios electrónicos más populares, como ser, el registro de empresas en línea, la banca electrónica, la votación electrónica, y la gestión de impuestos administrativos, es decir, esencialmente, cualquier servicio que requiera una o más firmas para confirmar su validez.[1]​

Historia y utilización (o tal vez aplicaciones)[editar]

The first digital signature was given in 2002. A number of freeware programs were released to end users and system integrators. All of the components of the software processed the same document format – the DigiDoc format.[2]​

As of October 2013, over 130 million digital signatures have been given in Estonia.[3]​

In September 2013 the European Commissioner for Digital Agenda Neelie Kroes gave her first digital signature with an Estonian test ID-card issued to her as a present.[4]​

In October 2014 Estonian parliament passed a bill which gives any person, regardless of their citizenship or residency, possibility to apply for Estonian digital identity (e-Residency of Estonia) to give digital signatures and use Estonian government online services. The law came into force on December 1, 2014.

Legislación[editar]

The nature and use of digital signature in Estonia is regulated by the Digital Signature Act. The Estonian parliament Riigikogu passed the Digital Signature Act on March 8, 2000, and it entered into force on December 15, 2000. According to this legislation, a digital signature is equal to a hand-written signature. Pursuant to the Act it is also necessary to distinguish between valid and void digital signatures, any signatures given with a void or suspended certificate are null and void. The Digital Signature Act has been superseded by the EU-wide eSignature Directive since 2016.[5]​ It should also mandate that rest of the EU member nations accept Estonian e-signatures amongst other countries e-signatures. The eSignature Directive also specifies that member nations should use and accept signatures in the Associated Signature Containers (ASiC) format.

All Estonian authorities are obliged to accept digitally signed documents.

Prerequisitos[editar]

Users can create digitally signed documents with their ID-card, digital identity card or Mobile-ID using either the DigiDoc3 program that is installed into the computer along with the ID-card software, in the signing section of the State Portal www.eesti.ee or in the DigiDoc Portal.

Digital signature support can be added to all the applications and programs where it is required.

Contexto internacional[editar]

The Estonian digital signatures corresponds to the EU Electronic Signatures Directive (1999/93/EC) with the strictest requirements (advanced electronic signature, secure-signature-creation device, qualified certificate, certification-service-provider issuing qualified certificates).[6]​

Certificados[editar]

Upon the issuance of ID-cards or mobile ID-s, every user receives two certificates: one for authentication, the other for digital signing. The certificate may be compared to the specimen signature of a person – it is public and it can be used by anyone to examine whether the signature given by the person is authentic. The certificate also holds the personal data, name and personal identification code.[7]​

All certificates are different and correspond to the private keys of specific persons. The certificate can be used to examine digital signatures – if the certificate and the signature match mathematically (all the necessary calculations are performed by the computer on behalf of the user), it can be claimed that the signature has been given by the person named in the certificate.

Referencias[editar]

  1. ↑ a b «The simple how and why behind the Digital signature / En Estonia, las personas ahorran aproximadamente cinco días hábiles por año, gracias al ecosistema de identidad electrónica (eID), y también gracias al logical (software) DigiDoc ; El documento de identidad electrónica (eID) es un sistema seguro de autenticación de identidad, que subyace a la función de todos los servicios digitales, incluida, por supuesto, la firma digital ; El software de documentos digitales (DigiDoc) proporcionado por el Estado, permite a los usuarios dar o validar (y de forma segura) una firma digital, desde cualquier lugar y en cualquier momento.». Cibersitio e-Estonia. 
  2. ↑ Martens, Tarvi. «Digital signatures in Estonia and the rest of Europe – a look back and ahead». Estonian Ministry of Economics and Communication. Consultado el 25 October 2013. 
  3. ↑ «Digital Signature Statistics». Consultado el 25 October 2013. 
  4. ↑ «Neelie Kroes, EU Commissioner for Digital Agenda got an Estonian ID-card». Archivado desde el original el 28 October 2013. Consultado el 25 October 2013.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  5. ↑ https://ec.europa.eu/cefdigital/wiki/display/CEFDIGITAL/Introduction+to+e-signature
  6. ↑ «Estonian ID legislation». Consultado el 25 October 2013. 
  7. ↑ «Digital signing». Consultado el 25 October 2013. 

Enlaces externos[editar]

///Categoría:--Internet en Estonia]]

Y también:

///Categoría--:Firma digital|Estonia]]

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