Pável Bulánov

Pável Bulánov
Información personal
Nacimiento	12 de febrero de 1895 ; Insar (Rusia)
Fallecimiento	15 de marzo de 1938 ; Campo de fusilamiento de Communarka (Rusia)
Causa de muerte	Pena de muerte
Sepultura	Campo de fusilamiento de Communarka
Nacionalidad	Rusa y soviética
Información profesional
Ocupación	Político
Rango militar	Mayor Principal del NKVD
Partido político	Partido Comunista de la Unión Soviética
Distinciones	Orden de Lenin ;
	[editar datos en Wikidata]

Pável Petróvich Bulánov (ruso: Пáвел Петрóвич Булáнов) nació en la Gubernia de Penza en 1895, y fue ejecutado el 15 de marzo de 1938 en Moscú. Fue un agente de la Seguridad del Estado (Checa-NKVD-OGPU)^[1] procesado en el Juicio de los Veintiuno dentro de la Gran Purga de Stalin.

Nació en una familia de relojeros,^[2]^[1] cursó sus estudios en el Instituto Geodésico de Penza,^[2] graduándose en 1916,^[1] incorporándose al ejército en agosto de ese año, durante la Primera Guerra Mundial, permaneciendo en una unidad de reserva en Sarátov.^[2]^[1]^[3]

Revolución rusa

Antes de la Revolución de Octubre formó parte del Comité de Distribución de Alimentos del Uezd de Insara (Penza),^[2]^[1]^[3] convirtiéndose en el presidente del mismo en 1918. En agosto de ese año se afilió al Partido Comunista,^[3] siendo nombrado en 1921 secretario del partido del uezd de Insara.^[2]^[1]^[3]

Incorporación a la Seguridad del Estado

En agosto de 1921 es destinado a la Checa de la Gubernia de Penza,^[4]^[2]^[1]^[3] siendo nombrado en diciembre del mismo año ayudante del jefe del 5.º Departamento la Sección Operativa de Checa-OGPU, y entre 1922 y 1923 fue el subjefe de la misma unidad.^[2] En 1923 fue subjefe de la 2º Sección (enero-marzo) y de la 11º Sección de la Sección Operativa del GPU (marzo-octubre).^[2]

El 20 de marzo de 1923 fue nombrado secretario de Asuntos Secretos del GPU (OGPU),^[4] ejerciendo el cargo hasta el 30 de julio de 1927,^[4]^[2]^[1] que se reorganiza la unidad, pasando de ser Asuntos Secretos del GPU, SOU del OGPU (SOU - “Control Secreto Operacional" - Секретно-оперативного управления) en la que sigue ejerciendo el mismo cargo de secretario hasta el 1 de diciembre de 1929.^[2] Al mismo tiempo, compatibiliza tales cargos entre el 26 de abril de 1926 y el 23 de mayo de 1928 con el de jefe de la 7.º Sección de la Sección Operativa del OGPU.^[2]^[1]

El 1 de diciembre de 1929 es nombrado secretario del Gabinete (Colegio) del OGPU (Коллегия ОГПУ), hasta el 11 de noviembre de 1931, cuando fue nombrado Primer Secretario del OGPU.^[2]^[1] Con la reorganización de unidades, fue nombrado Secretario del NKVD de la URSS entre 1931 y 1934 y de la Conferencia Especial (Особого Совещания) para el NKVD entre 1934 y hasta el momento de su detención en 1937.^[4]^[2]^[1]^[3]

Fue un íntimo colaborador de Génrij Yagoda.^[1] De Bulanov se afirma que se ocupó de la repartición de las propiedades confiscadas a los altos dirigentes del partido que fueron represaliados.^[1] En 1936, con la llegada de Nikolái Yezhov al NKVD, perdió sus prerrogativas por no ser de su confianza.^[1]

Detención y juicio

El 29 de marzo de 1937 fue detenido por el propio NKVD como “enemigo del pueblo".^[4]^[2] Es juzgado en el Colegio Militar de la Corte Suprema de la URSS entre el 2 y 13 de marzo de 1938 junto a eminentes figuras bolcheviques como Alekséi Rýkov, Nikolái Bujarin, Nikolái Krestinski y Christian Rakovski, así como también el ejecutor de las anteriores purgas Génrij Yagoda, y otros acusados en el proceso que fue conocido como Juicio de los Veintiuno o Tercer Juicio de Moscú, aunque oficialmente denominado “Proceso del Bloque Trotskista-Derechista" (делу право-троцкистского блока).^[2]^[5]

Estos eran antiguos líderes soviéticos que eran enemigos de Stalin, o se presumían que lo eran, y a los que se acusó de oponerse a las políticas de rápida industrialización, colectivización forzada y planeamiento centralizado, así como cargos de espionaje internacional, intento de derribar a la Unión Soviética, y planear la eliminación de los líderes soviéticos.

Cargo por intento de asesinato de Yezhov

En el juicio, Pável Bulánov reconoció su culpabilidad en el intento de envenenamiento por mercurio de Nikolái Yezhov, pulverizando en su despacho una solución venenosa de mercurio con intención de asesinarlo.^[1] Más adelante se probó que tales hechos fueron invención personal de Yezhov.^[6] Estos hechos fueron novelados por Bulgakov en su novela “El maestro y Margarita".^[1]^[7]

Asesinato de Serguéi Kírov

Estuvo implicado en la investigación del asesinato de Serguéi Kírov, hecho que desencadenó la Gran Purga, declarando contra Zaparozhets, dejando entrever el complot para hacer desaparecer al asesino del mismo, y supuestamente, las pruebas del complot organizado.^[8]^[9] En las mismas declaraciones, establece la implicación de Génrij Yagoda en el asesinado de Kírov, el anterior jefe del NKVD del que Bulánov fue secretario y hombre de confianza.^[10]^[11]

El 13 de marzo de 1938 es sentenciado a la pena de muerte por fusilamiento,^[1] siendo ejecutado dos días después, el 15 de marzo de 1938.^[4]^[3]

Fue rehabilitado en 1988 y readmitido póstumamente en el partido.^[1]^[3]

Condecoraciones

Alcanzó el grado de Mayor el 29 de noviembre de 1935. En 1929 fue condecorado como “Honorable Trabajador de la Checa-GPU (V)" en el acuerdo n.º 458, y nuevamente con la misma condecoración el 20 de diciembre de 1932 (XV). También fue galardonado con la Orden de Lenin el 28 de noviembre de 1936.^[2]

Referencias

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^ñ ^o ^p ^q Biografía de Pavel Bulanov HRONO (en ruso)
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^ñ ^o Biografía de Pavel Bulanov Historia del NKVD
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Biografía de Bulanov en Mirslovarei (en ruso)
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Biografía de Pavel Bulanov en Rusravdedka
↑ http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/k/king-commissar.html The state prosecutor of the time was the universally loathed and feared Andrei Yanuarievich Vyshinsky. Vyshinsky plumbed new depths of cruelty in the late 1930s, when he willingly acted as Stalin's mouthpiece in the three notorious Moscow show trials. At these trials he had many of the "Old Bolsheviks"--those who had created the Revolution that he never took part in--put to death. False confessions to ridiculous charges were extracted from the defendants by sadistic interrogators. Independent defense counsel was unheard of. Confession was sufficient to convict.
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20050524205653/http://harikumar.brinkster.net/MLRB/MLRB13-KIROV.HTM As Robert Conquest comments:
'Once again, the story was not incompatible with the Yagoda-Bulanov version. . . . Khrushchev . effectively repeated the accusations against Yagoda, Zaporozhets and the NKVD".
(Robert Conqest (1989): op. cit.; p. 115, 116).
↑ Bulgákov Master and Margarita; Capítulo 13 Yagoda had been removed as head of the NKVD in 1936 and - supposedly fearing implication in the murder of Kirov (in 1934) - he had ordered his secretary Pavel Petrovich Bulanov (1936-1938) to spray the walls of the office of his successor Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov (1895-1940) with poison. Yagoda and Bulanov were sentenced to be shot. Bulgakov understood all the farce of the fabricated charges, and Yagoda and Bulanov join the ranks of the imaginary poisoners at the ball. Of course Yagoda's name could not be mentioned in print after his removal.
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20050524205653/http://harikumar.brinkster.net/MLRB/MLRB13-KIROV.HTM … However, as the defendant Pavel BULANOV* testified at the 1938 treason trial, Zaporozhets had ordered him to be released: "I recall that . . . several days before the assassination of Kirov, the guard detained Nicolayev . . . and a notebook and revolver were found in his portfolio, but that Zaporozhets released him in time." (Pavel Bulanov: Testimony at 1938 Treason Trial (March 1938), in: Report of Court Proceedings in the Case of the Anti-Soviet 'Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites' (hereafter listed as 'Trial' (1938)); Moscow; 1938; p. 558).
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20050524205653/http://harikumar.brinkster.net/MLRB/MLRB13-KIROV.HTM
The Murder of Borisov (1934)
A vital witness in the case was clearly the head of Kirov's personal bodyguard, a man named BORISOV:
"Accounts are agreed that Borisov was devoted to Kirov". (Robert Conquest (1989): op. cit.; p. 42).
Late in the morning of 2 December, in response to a request from Leningrad NKVD headquarters, Borisov was driven to the Smolny: "Zaporozhets, being alarmed by this and fearing that Borisov would betray those who stood behind Nikolayev, decided to kill Borisov. Zaporozhetz so arranged it that an accident occurred to the automobile which took Borisov to the Smolny, Borisov was killed in the accident, and in this way they got rid of a dangerous witness." (Pavel Bulanov: Testimony at 1938 Treason Trial, in: 'Trial' (1938); op. cit.; p. 558-59).
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20050524205653/http://harikumar.brinkster.net/MLRB/MLRB13-KIROV.HTM It was now revealed that Cenrikh Yagoda, who had held the post of People's Commissar for Internal Affairs (in charge of the NKVD) from July 1934 to September 1936, had been a leading member of the conspiracy. Yagoda's secretary, Pavel Bulanov, testified that:
"In the early part of 1936 . . . Yagoda . . . said that he had known that an attempt on S. M. Kirov was being prepared, that he had a reliable man in Leningrad who was inititiated into everything, Zaporozhets, Assistant Chief of the Leningrad Regional Administration of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, and that he had so arranged matters as to facilitate the assassination of Kirov by Nikolayev. . . . The whole affair was nearly exposed when, several days before the assassination of Kiroy, the guard detained Nikolayev by mistake, and a notebook and revolver were found in his portfilio, but . . . Zaporozhets released him in time".
('Report' (1938): op. cit.; p. 558).
↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20050524205653/http://harikumar.brinkster.net/MLRB/MLRB13-KIROV.HTM Bulanov also testified that Yagoda and Zaporozhets had arranged the murder of Kirov's bodyguard, Borisov:
"Yagoda further told me that . . . when members of the government came to Leningrad and summoned this Borisov to the Smolny to interrogate him as a witness in connection with the assassination of Kirov, Zaporozhets, being alarmed by this and fearing that Borisov would betray those who stood behind Nikolayev, decided to kill Borisoy. On Yagoda's instructions, Zaporozhets arranged it that an accident occurred to the automobile which took Borisov to the Smolny. Borisov was killed in the accident, and in this way they got rid of a dangerous witness". ('Report' (1938): ibid.; p. 558-59).

Véase también

Enlaces externos

Biografía de Pavel Bulanov HRONO (en ruso)
Biografía de Pavel Bulanov (en ruso)
Biografía de Pavel Bulanov (en ruso)
Biografía de Pavel Bulanov (en ruso)
Andrei Vishinski, The Treason Case Summed Up abril de 1938 (en inglés)
Bulgakov El maestro y Margarita Novela que relata los hechos. (en inglés)
Caso del asesinato de Kirov (en inglés)

Bibliografía

N.V. Petrov (Н.В.Петров) y K.V. Skorkin ( К.В.Скоркин). “Quien dirigió el NKVD. 1934-1941" ("Кто руководил НКВД. 1934-1941") (en ruso)
K. A. Zalesskiy "El Imperio de Stalin. Diccionario Enciclopédico Biográfico", Moscú,2000." I. A. Zelenskiy (en ruso)

Datos: Q4098737

[hrono-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^ñ ^o ^p ^q Biografía de Pavel Bulanov HRONO (en ruso)

[memo-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^ñ ^o Biografía de Pavel Bulanov Historia del NKVD

[mirslovarei-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Biografía de Bulanov en Mirslovarei (en ruso)

[rusravdedka-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Biografía de Pavel Bulanov en Rusravdedka

[5] ttp://www.nytimes.com/books/first/k/king-commissar.html The state prosecutor of the time was the universally loathed and feared Andrei Yanuarievich Vyshinsky. Vyshinsky plumbed new depths of cruelty in the late 1930s, when he willingly acted as Stalin's mouthpiece in the three notorious Moscow show trials. At these trials he had many of the "Old Bolsheviks"--those who had created the Revolution that he never took part in--put to death. False confessions to ridiculous charges were extracted from the defendants by sadistic interrogators. Independent defense counsel was unheard of. Confession was sufficient to convict.

[6] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20050524205653/http://harikumar.brinkster.net/MLRB/MLRB13-KIROV.HTM As Robert Conquest comments:
'Once again, the story was not incompatible with the Yagoda-Bulanov version. . . . Khrushchev . effectively repeated the accusations against Yagoda, Zaporozhets and the NKVD".
(Robert Conqest (1989): op. cit.; p. 115, 116).

[7] Bulgákov Master and Margarita; Capítulo 13 Yagoda had been removed as head of the NKVD in 1936 and - supposedly fearing implication in the murder of Kirov (in 1934) - he had ordered his secretary Pavel Petrovich Bulanov (1936-1938) to spray the walls of the office of his successor Nikolai Ivanovich Yezhov (1895-1940) with poison. Yagoda and Bulanov were sentenced to be shot. Bulgakov understood all the farce of the fabricated charges, and Yagoda and Bulanov join the ranks of the imaginary poisoners at the ball. Of course Yagoda's name could not be mentioned in print after his removal.

[8] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20050524205653/http://harikumar.brinkster.net/MLRB/MLRB13-KIROV.HTM … However, as the defendant Pavel BULANOV* testified at the 1938 treason trial, Zaporozhets had ordered him to be released: "I recall that . . . several days before the assassination of Kirov, the guard detained Nicolayev . . . and a notebook and revolver were found in his portfolio, but that Zaporozhets released him in time." (Pavel Bulanov: Testimony at 1938 Treason Trial (March 1938), in: Report of Court Proceedings in the Case of the Anti-Soviet 'Bloc of Rights and Trotskyites' (hereafter listed as 'Trial' (1938)); Moscow; 1938; p. 558).

[9] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20050524205653/http://harikumar.brinkster.net/MLRB/MLRB13-KIROV.HTM
The Murder of Borisov (1934)
A vital witness in the case was clearly the head of Kirov's personal bodyguard, a man named BORISOV:
"Accounts are agreed that Borisov was devoted to Kirov". (Robert Conquest (1989): op. cit.; p. 42).
Late in the morning of 2 December, in response to a request from Leningrad NKVD headquarters, Borisov was driven to the Smolny: "Zaporozhets, being alarmed by this and fearing that Borisov would betray those who stood behind Nikolayev, decided to kill Borisov. Zaporozhetz so arranged it that an accident occurred to the automobile which took Borisov to the Smolny, Borisov was killed in the accident, and in this way they got rid of a dangerous witness." (Pavel Bulanov: Testimony at 1938 Treason Trial, in: 'Trial' (1938); op. cit.; p. 558-59).

[10] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20050524205653/http://harikumar.brinkster.net/MLRB/MLRB13-KIROV.HTM It was now revealed that Cenrikh Yagoda, who had held the post of People's Commissar for Internal Affairs (in charge of the NKVD) from July 1934 to September 1936, had been a leading member of the conspiracy. Yagoda's secretary, Pavel Bulanov, testified that:
"In the early part of 1936 . . . Yagoda . . . said that he had known that an attempt on S. M. Kirov was being prepared, that he had a reliable man in Leningrad who was inititiated into everything, Zaporozhets, Assistant Chief of the Leningrad Regional Administration of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, and that he had so arranged matters as to facilitate the assassination of Kirov by Nikolayev. . . . The whole affair was nearly exposed when, several days before the assassination of Kiroy, the guard detained Nikolayev by mistake, and a notebook and revolver were found in his portfilio, but . . . Zaporozhets released him in time".
('Report' (1938): op. cit.; p. 558).

[11] ttps://web.archive.org/web/20050524205653/http://harikumar.brinkster.net/MLRB/MLRB13-KIROV.HTM Bulanov also testified that Yagoda and Zaporozhets had arranged the murder of Kirov's bodyguard, Borisov:
"Yagoda further told me that . . . when members of the government came to Leningrad and summoned this Borisov to the Smolny to interrogate him as a witness in connection with the assassination of Kirov, Zaporozhets, being alarmed by this and fearing that Borisov would betray those who stood behind Nikolayev, decided to kill Borisoy. On Yagoda's instructions, Zaporozhets arranged it that an accident occurred to the automobile which took Borisov to the Smolny. Borisov was killed in the accident, and in this way they got rid of a dangerous witness". ('Report' (1938): ibid.; p. 558-59).

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