Diferencia entre revisiones de «Valle de Lašva»
Sin resumen de edición |
|||
| Línea 116: | Línea 116: | ||
=== Actualidad === |
=== Actualidad === |
||
{{VT|Limpieza étnica del Valle de Lašva}} |
|||
Today the region is recovering form [[post-war depression]] and has emerged as an economic powerhouse in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], with cities such as [[Vitez]] leading the way. Lašva Valley has been somewhat [[Monoculturalism|homogenized]] by the [[Croats]] who constitute most of the population, although [[Bosniaks|Bosniak]] populations have begun to return to their homes. During the Yugoslav wars, the [[Lašva |
Today the region is recovering form [[post-war depression]] and has emerged as an economic powerhouse in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], with cities such as [[Vitez]] leading the way. Lašva Valley has been somewhat [[Monoculturalism|homogenized]] by the [[Croats]] who constitute most of the population, although [[Bosniaks|Bosniak]] populations have begun to return to their homes. During the Yugoslav wars, the [[Limpieza étnica del Valle de Lašva|las masacres del Valle de Lašva]] tuvieron lugar en ésta región. |
||
==Demografía== |
==Demografía== |
||
Revisión del 13:57 18 ago 2013
| Valle de Lašva | ||
|---|---|---|
|
Valle del Rio Lašva en bosnio: Lašvanska dolina en croata: Lašvanska dolina | ||
 El Rio Lašva en su paso por el centro de Travnik | ||
| Localización geográfica / administrativa | ||
| Ubicación | Península de los Balcanes | |
| Región | Bosnia central | |
| Isla |
| |
| País |
 Bosnia y Herzegovina | |
| División(es) | Cantón de Bosnia central | |
| Características | ||
| Área(s) protegida(s) |
| |
| Longitud | 17 kilómetros (11 mi) | |
| Anchura | 3 kilómetros (9843 pies) | |
| Altitud máxima | 480 metros (1575 pies) | |
| Altitud mínima | 390 metros (1280 pies) | |
| Punto más bajo |
| |
| Ciudad(es) |
Busovača Kiseljak Novi Travnik Travnik Vitez | |
| Cuerpos de agua | Rio Lašva | |
| Ubicación geográfica |
 | |
La región del Valle de Lašva es usada para caracterizar algunas de las partes de la región del cantón de Bosnia central por las que cruza el rio Lašva, y definidas geográficamente por la ruta que sigue como tributario del Rio Bosna. Éste a su vez cruza por las poblaciones de Travnik a través de Vitez, y también toca en su cauce a las poblaciones de Busovača, Kiseljak, Novi Travnik y Travnik en su avance.[1]
Historia
Periodo pre-histórico
La favorable posición geográfica del Valle de Lašva le permite el ser poblada en el periodo que se conoce como el pricipio de la civilización humana, todo ello se dió junto al cauce recorrido por el rio Lašva. Sin embargo, dado a que el área está bastante desprotegida y en numerosos momentos sus ocupantes fueron atacados y/o tomados por sorpresa por los factores metereológicos, escogieron el área montañosa para protegerse de los atacantes y los factores medioambientales. El área central del valle está casi inerme hasta hoy día. Los más tempranos descubrimientos de restos de culturas civilizadas habitando en la zona son de origen romano. Los romanos fueron los que adaptaron el terreno y lo rondearon a causa de su importancia militar y estratégica, la cual sería de importancia para el poblamiento, comercio, colonización y la supervivencia de sus colonos.
Debido a la presencia del cauce del Lašva, muchos colonos comenzaron a explotarle para obtener un beneficio económico. Estos comenzaron a comerciar con bienes de consumo entre los viajeros que iban de Travnik a Vitez. En adición al río, las zonas montañosas ofrecían numerosos recursos mineros en base a depósitos y menas, los cuales a su vez sirvieron de atractivo para que llegasen más colonos. Los restos de un asentamiento fueron hallados en la población Turbe y Mosunj; los que se cree son de origen romano, donde se encuentran las ruinas de un asentamiento recubiertas por una meseta sin estudiar, llamado Bistue; el cual se cree que estuvo y/o existió allí.[2]
Periodo pre-otomano
The name "Lašva" was first used as a regional term in the 13th century. Béla IV of Hungary first mentioned the area in his charter on 20 April 1244, which he issued to gain political favor from Pope Innocent IV by launching and winning the war against the Bosnian heretics, as he called them. In the charter there is a mention of three Roman Catholic churches existing in the Lašva Valley[cita requerida], although only one can be confirmed by the gifting of the Bosnian Ban Matthew Ninoslaus in 1250.
The Lašva Valley is thought of having its own seat of power before the arrival of the Franciscans in the 13th century. Their subsequent establishing of Vukarija in 1340 was the first officially known seat of power in the valley. The Bosnian Vukarija had, according to the friar Bartolomej Polanski (1385/1390), monasteries in Kraljeva Sutjeska, Visoko, Lašva and Olovo. Therefore, the Lašva Valley was an occupied and developed region not unlike other parts of Bosnia.
"Lašva" is only mentioned once in the 15th century by King Sigismund of Hungary on 5 September 1425. On that date the king rewarded his son the Paku estate in the county of Vuku for his loyalty to the king which he earned through battles against the Ottoman Empire.
In the book "Roots and Life," translated from "Korijeni i Život," the advent of Ottoman expansion is mentioned. "The coming of the Ottomans and their military victories at Jajce in 1463 saw the putting out of fire in chimneys at age old houses and churches. With the arrival of the new oppressive and bloodthirsty masters from the East, people began to flee over the borders to the south and north, while others sought refuge in mountains led by the Franciscans."
The last battle against Ottoman expansion in the Lašva Valley was lost on May 1463, when Mehmed the Conqueror on his return from Jajce defeated the last Bosnian king Stephen Tomašević at Milodraž in today's Brestovsko; located between Kiseljak and Busovača.[3]
Periodo Otomano
Upon the Ottoman conquest, the plaintiff of the Franciscans Anđeo Zvizdović advised the Sultan to stop forcing the people of Bosnia to flee because of religious persecution. Which, if continued, would lead to the eventual downfall of properties and infrastructures. The Sultan agreed and issued an Ahdname in 1463 decreeing freedom of religion for the Roman Catholic population.
Due to the sheer size of the Ottoman Empire jurisdictional and government overseeing was not a possibility, since the capitol Istanbul was long ways away. Bosnia was used as a launching state for other wars, which consequently transformed the land into a military occupying region. Most of the peoples along with the Franciscans sought to distance themselves from the Ottoman settlements, many times living in impoverished conditions. New monasteries were not allowed to be built on the foundation of old ones and consequently only three remained at; Fojnica, Kreševo and Kraljeva Sutjeska.
At the dawn of Ottoman rule, the Lašva Valley began to be called "nahija Lašva," which was centered at Travnik. As a result, Travnik began to grow and emerge as an integral part of the Ottoman Empire's jurisdiction over the Lašva Valley and Bosnia.[3]
Periodo Post-otomano
The Lašva Valley, as well as Bosnia, was emancipated from Ottoman control in 1878 and entered a new phase in its history under Austro-Hungarian rule. The area saw a reemerging of Catholic populations with overall improvements in infrastructures. The modernization of the Austro-Hungarian rule transformed the Lašva Valley into a capable area worthy of competing against larger and more established regions. The 19th century also saw the materialization of South Slavic nationalism along with the idea of a united South Slavic state.[cita requerida]
Actualidad
Today the region is recovering form post-war depression and has emerged as an economic powerhouse in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with cities such as Vitez leading the way. Lašva Valley has been somewhat homogenized by the Croats who constitute most of the population, although Bosniak populations have begun to return to their homes. During the Yugoslav wars, the las masacres del Valle de Lašva tuvieron lugar en ésta región.
Demografía
Último censo oficial por municipalidades de 1991
- La región del Valle de Lašva y sus cinco municipalidades que son: Busovača, Kiseljak, Novi Travnik, Travnik y Vitez; tienen una población total (1991)
de: 177,511 habitantes aproximadamente.[4]
Composición étnica por municipalidades (Censo de 1991)
El último dato oficial sería el establecido por el censo étnico-demográfico de 1991[5], en el que se subdivide de acuerdo al origen étnico y religioso las diferentes poblaciones de esta región. A contiuación se discrimina en la siguiente tablilla dicha información:
| Composición étnica por municipalidades, censo oficial de 1991 | ||||||
| municipalidad | total | Musulmanes | Serbios | "Yugoslavos" | Croatas | Otros |
| Vitez | 27,859 | 11,514 (41,32%) | 1,501 (5,38%) | 1,377 (4.94%) | 12,675 (45.49%) | 792 (2,87%) |
| Busovača | 24,200 | 8,486 (44.94%) | 634 (3,36%) | 505 (2.67%) | 9,089 (48.13%) | 169 (0.89%) |
| Kiseljak | 24,426 | 9,995 (40.92%) | 759 (3.11%) | 1,687 (6.91%) | 12,606 (51.61%) | 515 (2.11%) |
| Novi Travnik | 30,624 | 11,649 (38.04%) | 4,087 (13.35%) | 2,115 (6.91%) | 12,127 (39.60%) | 646 (2.11%) |
| Travnik | 70,402 | 31,862 (45.26%) | 7,751 (11.01%) | 3,688 (5.24%) | 26,008 (36.94%) | 1,093 (1.55%) |
| total | 177,511 | 73,056 (41.15%) | 14,732 (8.29%) | 9,372 (5.27%) | 72,505 (40.84%) | 3,215 (1.81%) |
Referencias
- Esta obra contiene una traducción derivada de «Lašva Valley» de Wikipedia en inglés, publicada por sus editores bajo la Licencia de documentación libre de GNU y la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.
- ↑ STATEMENT OF THE TRIAL CHAMBER AT THE JUDGEMENT HEARING. (2000). The Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaskic. Retrieved August 7, 2008, from http://www.un.org/icty/pressreal/bla-sumj000303e.htm
- ↑ Website de Vitez: Lasvanska Dolina i njena proslost, Visitado el 8 de agosto de 2008
- ↑ a b Vitez Web. August 8, 2008
- ↑ BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA - USTAVNA REGIJA - CENTRALNA BOSNA. BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA -Demografska struktura prema popisnim mjestima - naseljima, visitado el 8 de agosto de 2008.
- ↑ «Estimation total number of present population by age, sex and cantons and municipality, June 30, 2007». Federal Office of Statistics, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Consultado el 3 de abril de 2008.