Diferencia entre revisiones de «Mini calabazas y zapallos decorativos»

Explorar historial interactivamente

← Ir a diferencia anterior Ir a siguiente diferencia →

Contenido eliminado Contenido añadido

VisualWikitexto

En renglón

Revisión del 21:41 11 sep 2015

Las calabazas y zapallos de pequeño tamaño y con fines decorativos se pueden dividir en dos grupos:

a) variedades de Halloween "mini", parecidas a las calabazas de Halloween y se consumen en esa fecha; y

b) variedades de cáscara dura y pulpa no comestible, de colores y formas llamativos para uso decorativo durante el año.

Los dos grupos pertenecen a Cucurbita pepo. Una única variedad decorativa y también comestible de "mini Turbante" pertenece a Cucurbita maxima,^[1] especie de la que últimamente se propusieron variedades decorativas pequeñas de morfología variada.^[1]

Galería de imágenes

Cucurbita pepo tipo "mini pumpkin" o "baby pumpkin" o "miniature pumpkin", comestibles, pequeños, se ven como lámparas de Halloween pero son mucho más pequeños, populares desde la década de 1990.^{[cita 1]} Los hay naranjas, blancos, amarillos o alguna combinación de ellos, con bandas o sin bandas, y también pueden tener manchas verdes o ser enteramente verdes. 'Jack Be Little', 'Munchkin', 'Baby Bear' son ejemplos de cultivares.^{[cita 1]} Pertenecen al grupo de cultivares Cucurbita pepo Grupo Pumpkin ya que se ajustan a la descripción formal (inamovible^{[cita 2]}) del grupo: "Cucurbita pepo de frutos esféricos, oblados u ovalados, redondos o aplanados en los extremos".^{[cita 3]} Son utilizados como decoración en Halloween, fecha para la que pueden convertirse en pequeñitas lámparas de Halloween esculpidas con dificultad debido al tamaño, o pueden dibujárseles caritas con marcador, o pueden ser consumidos en comidas de Halloween (por ejemplo rellenos), son "los preferidos de los más chicos".^[5] Paris (1989^[6]) llama a 'Little Gem' un "miniature pumpkin" debido al tamaño^{[cita 4]}, aquí se encuentra en la tabla del grupo Gema de cultivares sudafricanos de alta calidad para consumir inmaduros.
Cucurbita maxima tipo (mini) "zapallos decorativos",^[1] pequeños, decorativos y comestibles.^[1] C. maxima tipo (mini) "Zapallito-Zipinki" (arriba izquierda), tipo (mini) "Nugget" (arriba derecha), tipo (mini) "Turbante" (medio izquierda), sin nombre en su banco de germoplasma de tipo (mini) "Zipinka" (medio derecha^[1]). Abajo junto con otras calabacitas de Cucurbita maxima no comestibles (verlas en Cucurbita de uso no alimenticio).^[1]

Mini calabazas decorativas no comestibles.

Diferentes cultivares de Cucurbita pepo de tipo decorativo, utilizados como adornos de otoño. Numerosos cultivares de fruto pequeño y vistoso y cáscara dura que poseen un público adepto en Estados Unidos, que se agrupan en 'Cucurbita pepo Ornamental Gourd Group y filogenéticamente se extraen de varias variedades diferentes dentro de esa especie. Algunos cultivares ornamentales como 'Flat' ("aplanado"), 'Miniature Ball' ("pelota en miniatura") y 'Pear' ("pera") difieren poco de las variedades silvestres y las naturalizadas^{[cita 5]}. Nombres botánicos antiguos: Cucurbita pepo var. ovifera y Cucurbita pepo var. aurantia y Cucurbita pepo var. verrucosa, Cucurbita pepo convar. microcarpina. En los arreglos se los suele entremezclar con los comestibles "mini pumpkin".
Diferentes cultivos de Cucurbita maxima de tipo decorativo, en un arreglo como adornos de otoño.^[1] Las fotos de arriba pertenecen a accesions de Cucurbita maxima subsp. andreana^[1]), en la foto de abajo también hay mini "zapallos decorativos" comestibles^[1]

Cultivares

Cucurbita pepo ornamental, no alimenticio.

Orange star.
Twist. Florida, USA.
Ottawa, Canadá.
Gremlin. Alemania.
Pocken (alemán) Smallpox (inglés). Alemania.
Immature bicolor spoon?
Bicolor spoon.
Winged spoon.
Goblin egg.

Cucurbita maxima ornamental, no alimenticio.

Cucurbita pepo ornamental, alimenticio.

tipo Munchkin
White, tipo Baby Boo
Tiger Stripe

Cucurbita maxima ornamental, alimenticio.

Mini Turban.
Mini Turban.
Mini Silpingo.
Mini Nugget.

Citas

↑ ^a ^b Robinson y Decker-Walters (1997^[2]) p. 79: "Miniature pumpkins of Cucurbita pepo (e.g. 'Jack Be Little', 'Munchkin', and 'Baby Bear'), with fruits looking like 'Jack O'Lantern' but much smaller, have become popular in recent years. They are used for decoration and are edible as well."
↑ ^a ^b Código Internacional de Plantas Cultivadas (Brickell et al. 2009^[3]) "Art. 3.5. When a Group is divided or when two or more Groups are united or when the circumpscription of a Group is otherwise significantly re-defined in such a way that the resulting Group no longer has the same circumpscription a new name must be given for the resulting Group(s). Ex. 11. In the example given above, Solanum tuberosum Maincrop Group and S. tuberosum Red-skinned Group may be united to form a re-circumscribed Solanum tuberosum Maincrop Red-skinned Group. Ex. 12. Tulipa Dutch Breeders Group and T. English Breeders Group were united into the newly circumscribed T. Breeders Group (see J. F. Ch. Dix, A classified list of tulip names 4, 1958). Ex. 13. Recent breeding programmes in Begonia have led to the recognition of separate Groups within the existing Elatior Group. In due course these may be given new Group names instead of being referred to the Eliator Group as currently circumscribed. Ex 14. In the 1950s, a number of Magnolia hybrids were developed by D. T. Gresham and these have been referred to as Gresham Hybrids or as the Gresham Group. The inclusion of these hybrids in such a Group is unsatisfactory, the Group name being merely a statement of origin with individual members not showing characters in common. Two distinct Groups of Gresham's hybrids have, however, been recognized as Svelte Brunette Group and Buxom Nordic Blonde Group, each of which has a distinct set of characteristics (see J. M. Gardiner, Magnolias 118-120. 1989)".
↑ El autor del nombre, Paris (1986^[4]): "1. Cucurbita pepo Pumpkin Group. Fruits spherical, oblate or oval, round or flattened at ends. Cultivars include: C. pepo 'Connecticut Field', C. pepo 'Jack O'Lantern', C. pepo 'Small Sugar', C. pepo 'Spookie'. C. pepo L. var. pepo Bailey." Si bien la descripción es inamovible,^{[cita 2]} Robinson y Decker-Walters (1997^[2]) p. 78: "For Cucurbita pepo, we will use the classification by Paris (1986), which is based primarily on fruit shape; his groupings of cultivares are: (...) Pumpkin: Fruit orange, round or oval."
↑ Paris (1989^[6]): "Some rare pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo Pumpkin Group) cultivars have lignified rinds and even warts. Expression of lignified rind is conditioned by the dominant gene Hr (hard rind) and of warts by the dominant gene Wt. Both Hr and Wt must be present for wartiness to develop (Schaffer et al. 1986a^[7]). Primitive forms from Mexico, exemplified by PIs 442315 and 442325, have smooth but thick lignified rinds; these forms may be representative of an earlier stage in evolution under domestication, an early offshoot, or a separate line of domestication from the pumpkin line. The South African cultivar 'Little Gem' is a miniature pumpkin having a smooth, thin, but lignified rind. 'Nantucket', a pumpkin cultivar of the 19th century (Burr 1863,^[8] Goff 1888^[9]), had warts. The reportedly very high quality of 'Little Gem' and 'Nantucket' indicates that these pumpkins are well advanced from primitive stocks. Their hard rinds would suggest that they were derived through hybridization between pumpkins and hard-rinded forms".
↑ Paris (1989^[6]): "Some of the ornamental gourd cultivars, such as 'Flat', 'Miniature Ball', and 'Pear', differ little from wild and feral C. pepo in their phenotypic characteristics, including small fruit size and striped fruit color pattern."

Referencias

Lecturas sobre variedades decorativas de Cucurbita pepo se encuentran en Bailey 1937,^[10] Hutchins y Sando 1941^[11] (citados en Whitaker y Bohn 1950^[12]).

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ F López Anido, I Firpo, SM García, V Cravero, E Martín, A Espósito y E Cointry. 2011. Evaluación de accesiones de Cucurbita maxima Duch. con frutos de potencial decorativo. En: XXXIV Congreso de Horticultura, libro de resúmenes. Publicado en: Revista de Horticultura Argentina [7 Vol 30 Nº 73 Año: 2011]
↑ ^a ^b Robinson, R. W.; Decker-Walters, D. S. 1997. Cucurbits. CAB INTERNATIONAL.
↑ C.D. Brickell et al. 2009. International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. 8th edition. Scripta Horticulturae (International Society of Horticultural Science) 10: pp. 1–184. http://www.actahort.org/chronica/pdf/sh_10.pdf
↑ Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; no se ha definido el contenido de las referencias llamadas Paris 1986
↑ Victoriana Nursery Gardens. Pumpkin Seed 'Jack Be Little'. http://www.victoriananursery.co.uk/Pumpkin_Seed_Jack_Be_Little/
↑ ^a ^b ^c Paris HS. 1989. Historical Records, Origins, and Development of the Edible Cultivar Groups of Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae). Economic Botany 43,4:423-443. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4255187
↑ Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; no se ha definido el contenido de las referencias llamadas Schaffer et al. 1986a
↑ Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; no se ha definido el contenido de las referencias llamadas Burr 1863
↑ Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; no se ha definido el contenido de las referencias llamadas Goff 1888
↑ Bailey, L. H. 1937. The garden of gourds. 134 pp.
↑ Hutchins, A. E. y Sando, L. 1941. Gourds, uses, culture, identification. Minn. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bul. 356. 35 pp.
↑ Whitaker, Thomas W. y G. W. Bohn. The taxonomy, genetics, production and uses of the cultivated species of Cucurbita. Economic Botany 4(1):52-81. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4251961

[miniature_pumpkins_robinson-3] Robinson y Decker-Walters (1997^[2]) p. 79: "Miniature pumpkins of Cucurbita pepo (e.g. 'Jack Be Little', 'Munchkin', and 'Baby Bear'), with fruits looking like 'Jack O'Lantern' but much smaller, have become popular in recent years. They are used for decoration and are edible as well."

[art3.5-5] Código Internacional de Plantas Cultivadas (Brickell et al. 2009^[3]) "Art. 3.5. When a Group is divided or when two or more Groups are united or when the circumpscription of a Group is otherwise significantly re-defined in such a way that the resulting Group no longer has the same circumpscription a new name must be given for the resulting Group(s). Ex. 11. In the example given above, Solanum tuberosum Maincrop Group and S. tuberosum Red-skinned Group may be united to form a re-circumscribed Solanum tuberosum Maincrop Red-skinned Group. Ex. 12. Tulipa Dutch Breeders Group and T. English Breeders Group were united into the newly circumscribed T. Breeders Group (see J. F. Ch. Dix, A classified list of tulip names 4, 1958). Ex. 13. Recent breeding programmes in Begonia have led to the recognition of separate Groups within the existing Elatior Group. In due course these may be given new Group names instead of being referred to the Eliator Group as currently circumscribed. Ex 14. In the 1950s, a number of Magnolia hybrids were developed by D. T. Gresham and these have been referred to as Gresham Hybrids or as the Gresham Group. The inclusion of these hybrids in such a Group is unsatisfactory, the Group name being merely a statement of origin with individual members not showing characters in common. Two distinct Groups of Gresham's hybrids have, however, been recognized as Svelte Brunette Group and Buxom Nordic Blonde Group, each of which has a distinct set of characteristics (see J. M. Gardiner, Magnolias 118-120. 1989)".

[pumpkin_paris_robinson-7] El autor del nombre, Paris (1986^[4]): "1. Cucurbita pepo Pumpkin Group. Fruits spherical, oblate or oval, round or flattened at ends. Cultivars include: C. pepo 'Connecticut Field', C. pepo 'Jack O'Lantern', C. pepo 'Small Sugar', C. pepo 'Spookie'. C. pepo L. var. pepo Bailey." Si bien la descripción es inamovible,^{[cita 2]} Robinson y Decker-Walters (1997^[2]) p. 78: "For Cucurbita pepo, we will use the classification by Paris (1986), which is based primarily on fruit shape; his groupings of cultivares are: (...) Pumpkin: Fruit orange, round or oval."

[rare_pumpkins_Paris_1989-13] Paris (1989^[6]): "Some rare pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo Pumpkin Group) cultivars have lignified rinds and even warts. Expression of lignified rind is conditioned by the dominant gene Hr (hard rind) and of warts by the dominant gene Wt. Both Hr and Wt must be present for wartiness to develop (Schaffer et al. 1986a^[7]). Primitive forms from Mexico, exemplified by PIs 442315 and 442325, have smooth but thick lignified rinds; these forms may be representative of an earlier stage in evolution under domestication, an early offshoot, or a separate line of domestication from the pumpkin line. The South African cultivar 'Little Gem' is a miniature pumpkin having a smooth, thin, but lignified rind. 'Nantucket', a pumpkin cultivar of the 19th century (Burr 1863,^[8] Goff 1888^[9]), had warts. The reportedly very high quality of 'Little Gem' and 'Nantucket' indicates that these pumpkins are well advanced from primitive stocks. Their hard rinds would suggest that they were derived through hybridization between pumpkins and hard-rinded forms".

[some_ornamental_paris_1989-14] Paris (1989^[6]): "Some of the ornamental gourd cultivars, such as 'Flat', 'Miniature Ball', and 'Pear', differ little from wild and feral C. pepo in their phenotypic characteristics, including small fruit size and striped fruit color pattern."

[small_gourds_congreso_horticultura-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ F López Anido, I Firpo, SM García, V Cravero, E Martín, A Espósito y E Cointry. 2011. Evaluación de accesiones de Cucurbita maxima Duch. con frutos de potencial decorativo. En: XXXIV Congreso de Horticultura, libro de resúmenes. Publicado en: Revista de Horticultura Argentina [7 Vol 30 Nº 73 Año: 2011]

[Robinson_y_Decker-Walters_1997-2] Robinson, R. W.; Decker-Walters, D. S. 1997. Cucurbits. CAB INTERNATIONAL.

[Brickell_et_al._2009-4] C.D. Brickell et al. 2009. International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. 8th edition. Scripta Horticulturae (International Society of Horticultural Science) 10: pp. 1–184. http://www.actahort.org/chronica/pdf/sh_10.pdf

[Paris_1986-6] Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; no se ha definido el contenido de las referencias llamadas Paris 1986

[8] Victoriana Nursery Gardens. Pumpkin Seed 'Jack Be Little'. http://www.victoriananursery.co.uk/Pumpkin_Seed_Jack_Be_Little/

[Paris_1989-9] Paris HS. 1989. Historical Records, Origins, and Development of the Edible Cultivar Groups of Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae). Economic Botany 43,4:423-443. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4255187

[Schaffer_et_al._1986a-10] Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; no se ha definido el contenido de las referencias llamadas Schaffer et al. 1986a

[Burr_1863-11] Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; no se ha definido el contenido de las referencias llamadas Burr 1863

[Goff_1888-12] Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; no se ha definido el contenido de las referencias llamadas Goff 1888

[Bailey_1937-15] Bailey, L. H. 1937. The garden of gourds. 134 pp.

[Hutchins_y_Sando_1941-16] Hutchins, A. E. y Sando, L. 1941. Gourds, uses, culture, identification. Minn. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bul. 356. 35 pp.

[Whitaker_y_Bohn_1950-17] Whitaker, Thomas W. y G. W. Bohn. The taxonomy, genetics, production and uses of the cultivated species of Cucurbita. Economic Botany 4(1):52-81. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4251961

[1]

[cita 1]

[cita 2]

[cita 3]

[5]

[6]

[cita 4]

[cita 5]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

@@ Línea 21: / Línea 21: @@
 == Cultivares ==
-Nota: compatibilizar nombres con fotos.
 ''Cucurbita pepo'' ornamental, no alimenticio.
 <gallery>
@@ Línea 95: / Línea 92: @@
 Cucurbita maxima PI 475749 GRIN.jpg
 </gallery>
 == Citas ==