Crisis autista

La crisis autista describe una reacción intensa y frecuentemente incontrolable ante situaciones abrumadoras que enfrentan algunos individuos en el espectro del autismo. 'Irritabilidad' o 'berrinche' o rabieta son los términos que históricamente se han utilizado para describir este comportamiento.

Las explosiones de ira en personas con autismo se han denominado 'crisis', las cuales se manifiestan como una reacción intensa.^[1] Estas están asociadas al nivel de madurez y pueden intensificarse con la edad.^[2]

No existe una distinción científicamente acordada entre un colapso y una rabieta. En la literatura, estos términos se utilizan a menudo de manera intercambiable o dependiendo de la población estudiada.^[1] ^{[ página necesario ]} ^[3]^[4]^[5] Las rabietas son normales en el desarrollo, pero en los niños neurotípicos, su frecuencia disminuye conforme el niño crece. Sin embargo, en los niños autistas, las crisis pueden persistir más tiempo y, en un tercio de los casos, empeoran con la edad del niño.^[2]

Luke Beardon sostiene que una crisis autista es una 'respuesta intensa al agobio'.^[6] No hay un consenso general sobre la distinción entre una rabieta y una crisis, considerando que las rabietas son principalmente verbales (gritos, llantos) y las crisis incluyen un componente físico (como comportamientos violentos).^[7]^[8] Las crisis autistas no son manipuladoras y surgen de un estado de angustia aguda.^[9] Las crisis pueden ser malinterpretadas por los primeros auxilios y las fuerzas del orden, lo que podría llevar a una escalada de la situación. Es crucial reconocer la diferencia entre las crisis y las rabietas típicas para asegurar una respuesta y un apoyo adecuados.^[6] ^{: 2033–2034}

Referencias

↑ ^a ^b Sukhodolsky, Denis G. (2021). «Irritability in Autism». En Volkmar, Fred R., ed. Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders (2nd edición). Cham: Springer. pp. 2561-2562. ISBN 978-3-319-91279-0. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102263. «Historically, the term irritability was used in ASD literature as an umbrella category for severe disruptive behaviors including temper tantrums, aggression, and non-compliance ... anger outbursts in ASD have been described as 'immature' with labels such as 'meltdowns' being used to reflect the uncontrollable nature of these behaviors.»
↑ ^a ^b Sukhodolsky, Denis G. (2021). «Irritability in Autism». En Volkmar, Fred R., ed. Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders (2nd edición). Cham: Springer. pp. 2561-2564. ISBN 978-3-319-91279-0. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102263. «The intensity and number of tantrums tend to decrease with age although typically developing children continue to outwardly display anger and frustration, behaviors that parents often label as tantrums. This decrease in the frequency of temper tantrums as children age is paralleled by the development of emotion regulation skills and the acquisition of socially appropriate ways to express anger (Blanchard-Fields and Coats 2008). In children with ASD, if temper tantrums and disruptive behavior are present in childhood, they are likely to persist and may escalate in up to one third of adolescents (Shattuck et al. 2007; Simonoff et al. 2013).»
↑ Myles, Brenda Smith Smith (15 de marzo de 2005). Asperger Syndrome and Difficult Moments: Practical Solutions for Tantrums Second Edition (2nd edición). AAPC Publishing. ISBN 978-1-931282-70-3.
↑ Mayes, Susan D.; Lockridge, Robin; Tierney, Cheryl D. (1 de agosto de 2017). «Tantrums are Not Associated with Speech or Language Deficits in Preschool Children with Autism». Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities (en inglés) 29 (4): 587-596. ISSN 1573-3580. doi:10.1007/s10882-017-9546-0.
↑ Beauchamp-Châtel, Alexis; Courchesne, Valérie; Forgeot d’Arc, Baudouin; Mottron, Laurent (1 de junio de 2019). «Are tantrums in autism distinct from those of other childhood conditions? A comparative prevalence and naturalistic study». Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 62: 66-74. ISSN 1750-9467. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2019.03.003. «“Rage attacks” or “temper outbursts” are mostly used for older children or adults with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ... “meltdown” is more frequent for autistic children in lay literature, and "temper tantrums” is more universally used for young neurotypical children ... The difference between normal and abnormal tantrums is ill defined ...»
↑ ^a ^b Beardon, Luke (2021). «First Responders and Autism». En Volkmar, Fred R., ed. Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders (2nd edición). Cham: Springer. pp. 2031-2039. ISBN 978-3-319-91279-0. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102159. «Many autistic people experience meltdowns. The public often finds it hard to tell meltdowns and temper tantrums apart, but they are different things. A meltdown is an intense response to a situation an autistic person finds overwhelming. To cope with such a situation, the autistic person may need to engage in repetitive body movements (stimming). Interrupting this may increase levels of anxiety exacerbating the situation.»
↑ Benaron, Lisa Dorothea (2009). Autism. Internet Archive. Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34763-4.
↑ Brooks, Cheryl A. (2010). «Review of Freedom from Meltdowns: Dr. Thompson's Solutions for Children with Autism». Education and Treatment of Children 33 (4): 647-652. ISSN 0748-8491. doi:10.1353/etc.2010.0002.
↑ Patnam, Venkata Sindhoor Preetham; George, Feba Thankachan; George, Kiran; Verma, Abhishek (August 2017). «Deep Learning Based Recognition of Meltdown in Autistic Kids». 2017 IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI). IEEE. pp. 391-396. ISBN 978-1-5090-4881-6. doi:10.1109/ichi.2017.35.

«Meltdowns - a guide for all audiences». National Autistic Society. 14 de agosto de 2020.

[Sukhodolsky2021-1] Sukhodolsky, Denis G. (2021). «Irritability in Autism». En Volkmar, Fred R., ed. Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders (2nd edición). Cham: Springer. pp. 2561-2562. ISBN 978-3-319-91279-0. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102263. «Historically, the term irritability was used in ASD literature as an umbrella category for severe disruptive behaviors including temper tantrums, aggression, and non-compliance ... anger outbursts in ASD have been described as 'immature' with labels such as 'meltdowns' being used to reflect the uncontrollable nature of these behaviors.»

[Suk2-2] Sukhodolsky, Denis G. (2021). «Irritability in Autism». En Volkmar, Fred R., ed. Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders (2nd edición). Cham: Springer. pp. 2561-2564. ISBN 978-3-319-91279-0. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102263. «The intensity and number of tantrums tend to decrease with age although typically developing children continue to outwardly display anger and frustration, behaviors that parents often label as tantrums. This decrease in the frequency of temper tantrums as children age is paralleled by the development of emotion regulation skills and the acquisition of socially appropriate ways to express anger (Blanchard-Fields and Coats 2008). In children with ASD, if temper tantrums and disruptive behavior are present in childhood, they are likely to persist and may escalate in up to one third of adolescents (Shattuck et al. 2007; Simonoff et al. 2013).»

[3] Myles, Brenda Smith Smith (15 de marzo de 2005). Asperger Syndrome and Difficult Moments: Practical Solutions for Tantrums Second Edition (2nd edición). AAPC Publishing. ISBN 978-1-931282-70-3.

[4] Mayes, Susan D.; Lockridge, Robin; Tierney, Cheryl D. (1 de agosto de 2017). «Tantrums are Not Associated with Speech or Language Deficits in Preschool Children with Autism». Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities (en inglés) 29 (4): 587-596. ISSN 1573-3580. doi:10.1007/s10882-017-9546-0.

[5] Beauchamp-Châtel, Alexis; Courchesne, Valérie; Forgeot d’Arc, Baudouin; Mottron, Laurent (1 de junio de 2019). «Are tantrums in autism distinct from those of other childhood conditions? A comparative prevalence and naturalistic study». Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders 62: 66-74. ISSN 1750-9467. doi:10.1016/j.rasd.2019.03.003. «“Rage attacks” or “temper outbursts” are mostly used for older children or adults with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome or Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder ... “meltdown” is more frequent for autistic children in lay literature, and "temper tantrums” is more universally used for young neurotypical children ... The difference between normal and abnormal tantrums is ill defined ...»

[Beardon2021-6] Beardon, Luke (2021). «First Responders and Autism». En Volkmar, Fred R., ed. Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders (2nd edición). Cham: Springer. pp. 2031-2039. ISBN 978-3-319-91279-0. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91280-6_102159. «Many autistic people experience meltdowns. The public often finds it hard to tell meltdowns and temper tantrums apart, but they are different things. A meltdown is an intense response to a situation an autistic person finds overwhelming. To cope with such a situation, the autistic person may need to engage in repetitive body movements (stimming). Interrupting this may increase levels of anxiety exacerbating the situation.»

[7] Benaron, Lisa Dorothea (2009). Autism. Internet Archive. Westport, Conn. : Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-34763-4.

[8] Brooks, Cheryl A. (2010). «Review of Freedom from Meltdowns: Dr. Thompson's Solutions for Children with Autism». Education and Treatment of Children 33 (4): 647-652. ISSN 0748-8491. doi:10.1353/etc.2010.0002.

[9] Patnam, Venkata Sindhoor Preetham; George, Feba Thankachan; George, Kiran; Verma, Abhishek (August 2017). «Deep Learning Based Recognition of Meltdown in Autistic Kids». 2017 IEEE International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI). IEEE. pp. 391-396. ISBN 978-1-5090-4881-6. doi:10.1109/ichi.2017.35.

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