Diferencia entre revisiones de «Usuario:Ravave/Nuevos articulos»
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=== II Guerra Mundial === |
=== II Guerra Mundial === |
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Antes de las [[Invasión de Polonia de 1939|invasiones alemana]] y [[Invasión soviética de Polonia de 1939|soviética]], la ciudad tuvo un importante |
Antes de las [[Invasión de Polonia de 1939|invasiones alemana]] y [[Invasión soviética de Polonia de 1939|soviética]], la ciudad tuvo un importante núcleo de ciudadanos [[judaísmo|judios]]. Tras la ocupación alemana de 1940, las autoridades teutonas establecieron un [[Anexo:Guetos judíos bajo el régimen Nazi|gueto]] con la intención de confinar a la población para la consecuente persecución de estos.<ref name="holocaustchronicle">[http://www.holocaustchronicle.org/staticpages/176.html "The War Against The Jews."] ''The Holocaust Chronicle,'' 2009. Chicago, Il. Accessed June 21, 2011.</ref> El 31 de enero de 1941, el gueto fue cerrado y los habitantes (entre 1.400 y 3.000) fueron llevados al [[Gueto de Varsovia]] en camiones de ganado.<ref name="statistics">The statistical data compiled on the basis of [http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/selectcity/ "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland"] by ''[[Virtual Shtetl]]'' [[Museum of the History of the Polish Jews]] {{En icon}}, as well as [http://www.izrael.badacz.org/historia/szoa_getto.html "Getta Żydowskie," by ''Gedeon'',] {{Pl icon}} and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm {{En icon}}. Accessed July 12, 2011.</ref> Una vez allí tuvieron que vivir con 400 mil judios en un área de 3,4 km². La mayoría fueron deportados a [[Campo de exterminio de Treblinka|Treblinka]].<ref name="ushmm-5069">[http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/article.php?lang=en&ModuleId=10005069 Warsaw Ghetto], [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]] (USHMM), [[Washington, D.C.]]</ref><ref name="Lukas">[[Richard C. Lukas]], ''Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust'', University Press of Kentucky 1989 - 201 pages. Page 13; also in Richard C. Lukas, ''The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939-1944'', University Press of Kentucky, 1986, [http://books.google.ca/books?id=lz9obsxmuW4C&pg=PA13&dq=%22&sig=ACfU3U0SGgyvqSbL4bypepYoO_CbYc_N_w Google Print, p.13].</ref><ref name=GSP-JHEd>[[Gunnar S. Paulsson]], "The Rescue of Jews by Non-Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland," ''Journal of Holocaust Education'', Vol.7, Nos.1&2, 1998, pp.19-44. Published by Frank Cass, London.</ref><ref name="ushmm-7445">Edward Victor, [http://www.edwardvictor.com/Holocaust/ghetto_home_main.htm "Ghettos and Other Jewish Communities."] ''Judaica Philatelic''. Accessed June 20, 2011.</ref> |
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During the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, the Nazis created a large transit camp (Durchgangslager) in Pruszków on the site of the Train Repair Shops (Zakłady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego) to intern there the evacuees expelled from the capital. Around 550,000 Warsaw residents and approximately 100,000 more from its outskirts were incarcerated in the Durchgangslager 121 (Dulag 121) set up for this purpose. The SS and Gestapo segregated the victims before transport. Approximately 650,000 Poles passed through the Pruszków camp in August, September and October 1944. Approximately 55,000 were sent to concentration camps, including 13,000 to Auschwitz. They included people from a variety of social classes and occupations (government officials, scholars, artists, physicians, merchants, and blue-collar workers), in varying physical condition (the injured, the sick, invalids, and pregnant women), and of various ages from infants only a few weeks old to the elderly, aged 86 or more. In a few cases, these were also people of different ethnic backgrounds including Jews living on “Aryan papers.”[9] |
During the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, the Nazis created a large transit camp (Durchgangslager) in Pruszków on the site of the Train Repair Shops (Zakłady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego) to intern there the evacuees expelled from the capital. Around 550,000 Warsaw residents and approximately 100,000 more from its outskirts were incarcerated in the Durchgangslager 121 (Dulag 121) set up for this purpose. The SS and Gestapo segregated the victims before transport. Approximately 650,000 Poles passed through the Pruszków camp in August, September and October 1944. Approximately 55,000 were sent to concentration camps, including 13,000 to Auschwitz. They included people from a variety of social classes and occupations (government officials, scholars, artists, physicians, merchants, and blue-collar workers), in varying physical condition (the injured, the sick, invalids, and pregnant women), and of various ages from infants only a few weeks old to the elderly, aged 86 or more. In a few cases, these were also people of different ethnic backgrounds including Jews living on “Aryan papers.”[9] |
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Revisión del 16:59 15 mar 2012
Pruzsków
Pruszków es una localidad polaca situada en Mazovia desde 1999. En 1975 formó parte de la región de Varsovia hasta 1998 cuando se realizó un cambio en la división administrativa del país. Es capital del condado homónimo. Está ubicada en la parte central de Polonia al oeste del área urbana de Varsovia.
La población creció de manera significativa desde comienzos del siglo XX cuando habían 16.000 habitantes, hasta que en 2006 las oficinas del censo de Polonia informaron de que la población era de 55.387.[1]
Historia
En 1916, Pruszków alcanzó el grado de ciudad mientras seguía la I Guerra Mundial, aunque la localidad ya existía en el siglo XVI como pueblo. En el siglo XIX, la construcción de varias infraestructuras, entre ellas la construcción de la línea ferroviaria entre Varsovia y Viena y la construcción de la primera línea del tranvia en 1928. En 1891 se inauguró el hospital psiquiátrico a las afueras de Tworki y que a día de hoy sigue abierto.[2]
II Guerra Mundial
Antes de las invasiones alemana y soviética, la ciudad tuvo un importante núcleo de ciudadanos judios. Tras la ocupación alemana de 1940, las autoridades teutonas establecieron un gueto con la intención de confinar a la población para la consecuente persecución de estos.[3] El 31 de enero de 1941, el gueto fue cerrado y los habitantes (entre 1.400 y 3.000) fueron llevados al Gueto de Varsovia en camiones de ganado.[4] Una vez allí tuvieron que vivir con 400 mil judios en un área de 3,4 km². La mayoría fueron deportados a Treblinka.[5][6][7][8]
During the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, the Nazis created a large transit camp (Durchgangslager) in Pruszków on the site of the Train Repair Shops (Zakłady Naprawcze Taboru Kolejowego) to intern there the evacuees expelled from the capital. Around 550,000 Warsaw residents and approximately 100,000 more from its outskirts were incarcerated in the Durchgangslager 121 (Dulag 121) set up for this purpose. The SS and Gestapo segregated the victims before transport. Approximately 650,000 Poles passed through the Pruszków camp in August, September and October 1944. Approximately 55,000 were sent to concentration camps, including 13,000 to Auschwitz. They included people from a variety of social classes and occupations (government officials, scholars, artists, physicians, merchants, and blue-collar workers), in varying physical condition (the injured, the sick, invalids, and pregnant women), and of various ages from infants only a few weeks old to the elderly, aged 86 or more. In a few cases, these were also people of different ethnic backgrounds including Jews living on “Aryan papers.”[9]
Following the Soviet westward offensive, on March 26, 1945, the 16 members of the Polish Underground Government were invited by the Russians for talks, to a house in Pruszków on Armii Krajowej Street. They were captured by the Soviet NKVD agents, transported to USSR, imprisoned, tortured and sentenced in Moscow during the so-called Trial of the Sixteen.
After World War II Pruszków became one of Mazovia’s largest industrial centers. Due to its proximity to Warsaw, it is now home to several factories and companies, including Herbapol, Daewoo Electronics, L'Oréal Cosmetics as well as logistic centers. It is also an important sports center, with a sports gymnasium, soccer stadium and a cycling course. As of the 2007-08 season, the local football team, Znicz Pruszków compete in the Polish First League (second division).
Referencias
- ↑ Central Statistical Office (Poland), Ludność. Stan i struktura w przekroju terytorialnym
- ↑ Hoy en día, Tworki pertenece de manera administrativa a Pruszków
- ↑ "The War Against The Jews." The Holocaust Chronicle, 2009. Chicago, Il. Accessed June 21, 2011.
- ↑ The statistical data compiled on the basis of "Glossary of 2,077 Jewish towns in Poland" by Virtual Shtetl Museum of the History of the Polish Jews (en inglés), as well as "Getta Żydowskie," by Gedeon, (en polaco) and "Ghetto List" by Michael Peters at www.deathcamps.org/occupation/ghettolist.htm (en inglés). Accessed July 12, 2011.
- ↑ Warsaw Ghetto, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), Washington, D.C.
- ↑ Richard C. Lukas, Out of the Inferno: Poles Remember the Holocaust, University Press of Kentucky 1989 - 201 pages. Page 13; also in Richard C. Lukas, The Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939-1944, University Press of Kentucky, 1986, Google Print, p.13.
- ↑ Gunnar S. Paulsson, "The Rescue of Jews by Non-Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland," Journal of Holocaust Education, Vol.7, Nos.1&2, 1998, pp.19-44. Published by Frank Cass, London.
- ↑ Edward Victor, "Ghettos and Other Jewish Communities." Judaica Philatelic. Accessed June 20, 2011.