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Revisión del 06:56 29 ene 2012

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Armada Yugoslava
Jugoslavenska Ratna Mornarica

Emblema de la Armada Yugoslava SFR
Activa 1945–1991
País Bandera de Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
Tipo armada
Tamaño Personal 1.840 (aprox.)
barcos 32
Parte de Ejército Popular Yugoslavo
Acuartelamiento Ciudad de Split
Disolución =Disolución de Yugoslavia (1991
Alto mando
Last commander Vice Almirante Miodrag Jokić
Insignias
Insignia Naval
Naval Jack
Cultura e historia
Aniversarios 10 de septiembre
Guerras y batallas
Asedio de Dubrovnik
Batalla del canal de Korčula
[editar datos en Wikidata]

La Armada Yugoslava (Jugoslavenska ratna mornarica) era la marina de guerra de la antigua Yugoslavia. Estaba compuesta fundamentalmente de una fuerza de defensa costera con la misión de impedir desembarcos enemigos a lo largo de 4000 kilómetros de su accidentada costa y las islas de la costa, la impugnación de un bloqueo enemigo o el control del estratégico Estrecho de Otranto. Sus capacidades eran limitadas por la falta de tiempo en operaciónes maritimas y frecuentes ejercicios de fuego real.

En 1990 constaba de 10.000 marineros (4400 conscriptos), incluyendo 2.300 en veinticinco baterías costeras de artillería y 900 marines en una Brigada de Infantería ligera.

Historia

Archivo:VPB Destroyer (Razarac) Split.jpg
Yugoslav Navy VPB Destroyer Split.
Archivo:P 802 Sava 50s.jpg
Submarine P-802 Sava introduced in JRM fleet 1952

Los partisanos habían operado con muchas pequeñas embarcaciones en redadas de acoso a convoyes italinos en el Adriático durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Después de la guerra, la marina operaba con numerosos submarinos alemanes e italianos, destructores, dragaminas, lanchas de desembarco y tanques capturados durante la guerra o recibidos como botín de guerra. Los Estados Unidos proporcionaron ocho torpederos en la década de 1940, pero la mayoría de estas unidades pronto quedaron obsoletas. La Armada se mejora en la década de 1960, cuando adquirió diez barcos con misiles de ''clase Osa'' y cuatro torpederos de ''clase Shershen'' de la Unión Soviética. Los soviéticos les otorga una licencia para construir once unidades Shershen adicionales en los astilleros de Yugoslavia desarrollados para este propósito.

En 1980 y 1982, la Armada recibió dos fragatas clase Koni soviéticas. En 1988 se completaron dos unidades adicionales bajo licencia. Las fragatas Koni estaban armadas con cuatro lanzadores de misiles soviéticos SS-N-2B misiles tierra-tierra, gemelos SA-N-4 misiles tierra-aire, y lanzadores de cohetes antisubmarinos. 

La Armada Yugoslava desarrollado su propio submarino, la construcción de capacidad durante la década de 1960. En 1990 las unidades de combate principales del servicio de tres submarinos Heroj clase submarinos patrullan armados con torpedos de 533 mm. Dos pequeños claseSava unidades entraron en servicio a finales de 1970. Dos Sutjeska clase submarinos habían sido relegados principalmente a misiones de entrenamiento en 1990. En ese momento la Marina se había desplazado al parecer, a la construcción de submarinos muy pequeños versátil. Cuatroclase Una-enanos y cuatroMala clase de vehículos de entrega nadador se encontraban en servicio a finales de 1980. Fueron construidas para el uso de equipos de demolición submarina y fuerzas especiales. La claseUna-barcos llevaba cinco tripulantes, ocho nadadores de combate, cuatro vehículos de Mala, y lapa es mía s. La Malalos vehículos a su vez lleva a dos nadadores y 250 kilogramos de minas.

The navy operated ten Osa I-class and six Rade Končar-class missile boats. The Osa I boats were armed with four SS-N-2A surface-to-surface missile launchers. In 1990 domestic Kobra boats were scheduled to begin replacing the Osa I boats. The Kobra was to be armed with four SS-N-2C launchers or eight Swedish RBS-15 antiship missile launchers. Armed with two SS-N-2B launchers, the Končar-class boats were modeled after the Swedish Spica class. The navy's fifteen Topcider-class torpedo boats included four former Soviet Shershen-class and eleven Yugoslav built units.

Patrol boats were operated primarily for antisubmarine warfare. The inventory included three Mornar-class corvettes with antisubmarine rocket launchers and depth charges. The Mornar class was based on a French design from the mid-1950s. Seventeen Mirna inshore patrol boats and thirteen older Kraljevica submarine chasers also were available.

The navy's mine warfare and countermeasures capabilities were considered adequate in 1990. It operated four Vukov Klanac class coastal minehunters built on a French design, four British Plantilla:Sclass inshore minesweepers, and six 117-class inshore minesweepers built in domestic shipyards. Larger numbers of older and less capable minesweepers were mainly used in riverine operations. Other older units were used as dedicated minelayers. The navy used amphibious landing craft in support of army operations in the area of the Danube, Sava, and Drava rivers. They included both tank and assault landing craft. In 1990 there were four 501-class, ten 211-class, and twenty-five 601-class landing craft in service. Most of them were also capable of laying mines in rivers and coastal areas.

The coastal artillery batteries had both surface-to-surface missiles and guns. They operated the Soviet-designed SS-C-3 and a truck-mounted, Yugoslav-produced Brom antiship missile. The latter was essentially a Yugoslav variant of the Soviet SS-N-2. Coastal guns included over 400 88 mm, 122 mm, 130 mm, and 152 mm artillery pieces obtained from the Soviet Union, the United States, postwar Germany, and Yugoslav manufacturers.

Organisation

Archivo:Yugorf33kotor.jpg
Frigate RF-33 Kotor.

Minor surface combatants operated by the navy included nearly eighty frigates, corvettes, submarines, minesweepers, and missile, torpedo, and patrol boats in the Adriatic Fleet. The entire coast of Yugoslavia was part of the naval region headquartered at Split. The naval region was divided into three smaller naval districts and a riverine flotilla with major bases located at Split, Šibenik, Pula, Ploče and Kotor on the Adriatic and Novi Sad on the Danube. The fleet was organized into missile, torpedo, and patrol boat brigades, a submarine division, and minesweeper flotillas. The naval order of battle included four frigates, three corvettes, five patrol submarines, fifty-eight missile, torpedo, and patrol boats, and twenty-eight minesweepers. Navy had a support of one air force antisubmarine warfare helicopter squadron was based at Divulje on the Adriatic for coastal operations. It employed Soviet Ka-25, Ka-28 and Mi-8 helicopters, and domestic Gazelle helicopters. Some air force fighter and reconnaissance squadrons supported naval operations.

Marines

The 12th Naval Infantry Brigade (Mornaricka Pesaddijska Brigada) were the marines of the Yugoslav Navy until 4 February 2003 when it became part the Navy of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The 12th Naval Infantry Brigade was headquartered in the 8th Naval Sector at Split but was later moved near Kotor, a coastal town in Montenegro. A small detchament was located at Novi Sad on the Danube. The brigade consisted of 900 to 2000 men in two or three battalions. As a multi-ethnic unit, the brigade was broken up during the Breakup of Yugoslavia, and it saw little action. The largest remnant eventually moved to Montenegro.

Equipment gallery

Equipment

Sea Fleet

Large Patrol Vessel VPBR-31 Split
Archivo:VPBR-33 Kotor.JPG
Large Patrol Vessel VPBR-33 Kotor

Frigates:

  • Koni class Plantilla:USSR
    • RF-31 Split (since 1993 Beograd) – Currently awaiting sale at Tivat Arsenal, Montenegro, Split was withdrawn from operational use by VCSG. Armament removed, put up for sale.
    • RF-32 Koper (since 1993 Podgorica) – Currently at Tivat Arsenal, she was withdrawn from operational use by Yugoslavia Navy (RMVJ) in 1995. Cannibalized in 2007 and sold to Yugoimport SDPR for further cannibalization. In 2008, cut into scrap metal in the arsenal of Tivat.
  • Kotor-class Bandera de Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
    • RF-33 Kotor – Currently at Tivat Arsenal, it was withdrawn from operational use by Montenegro Navy (MCG) in 2006. Returned to the Navy.
    • RF-34 Pula - Currently in operational use by MCG.

Submarines:

  • Post-war submarines Reino UnidoBandera del Reino Unido Reino Unido
    • P-801 Tara - Ex Nebojša, the only Yugoslav Royal Navy submarine that has survived the 1941 German invasion. Withdrawn form service in 1980.
    • P-802 Sava - Withdrawn form service in the 1968.
    • P-901 Mališan - Former Italian midget submarine CB-20 . Withdrawn form service in the 1959. Plantilla:Flagcountry
Mališan on display at Zagreb
Archivo:P-832 Drava.jpg
JRM submarine P-832 Drava


  • Sutjeska-class Bandera de Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
    • P-811 Sutjeska - Withdrawn form service in the 1980.
    • P-812 Neretva - Withdrawn form service in the 1981.
  • Heroj-class Bandera de Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
    • P-821 Heroj – Currently for sale at Tivat Arsenal, Montenegro. Heavy maintenance stopped during 2004, withdrawn from operational use. Transformed into a showpiece Naval Museum in Tivat.
    • P-822 Junak – Scuttled as reclaimed iron at Tivat Arsenal, was withdrawn from operational use by RMVJ mid-90s.
    • P-823 Uskok – Sold and scuttled as reclaimed iron to Izmir, Turkey, in 2007. She was withdrawn from operational use by RMVJ in 1998.
  • Sava-class Bandera de Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
    • P-831 Sava – Currently awaiting sale at Tivat Arsenal, was withdrawn from operational use by VSCG in 2004. In 2010, towed to Turkey, where he currently is cut for scrap.
    • P-832 Drava – Currently awaiting sale at Tivat Arsenal. Heavy maintenance stopped during 1996, withdrawn from operational use by VSCG. In 2008, the split in the scrap metal in the arsenal of Tivat.
  • Una-class Bandera de Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
    • P-911Tisa – Conserved and currently awaiting sale at Tivat Arsenal. Tisa, was withdrawn from operational use by RMVJ in 1997.
    • P-912 Una – Conserved and currently awaiting sale at Tivat Arsenal. Una, was withdrawn from operational use by RMVJ in 1997.
    • P-913 Zeta – On display at the Pivka Military History Park in Pivka since 2011.
    • P-914 Soča – Remained in Croatia during events of 1991. Heavy maintenance and modernization completed in 1996. In operational use on the Croatian Navy as P-01 Velebit until 2004, when withdrawn from operational use. Currently awaiting sale at the Naval Base Lora in Split, Croatia. Two more are to be displayed in Belgrade and Pula
    • P-915 Vardar – Currently awaiting sale at Tivat Arsenal. Heavy maintenance stopped in 2003, withdrawn from operational use by MVSCG.
    • P-916 Vrbas – Currently awaiting sale at Tivat Arsenal. Vrbas, was withdrawn from operational use by MVSCG in 2005.

Guided Missile Gunboats:

Archivo:Rtop-406 01.jpg
Guided missile gunboat RTOP-406 Ante Banina
  • Končar class Bandera de Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
    • RTOP-401 Rade Končar – Currently awaiting sale in Bar, Montenegro; was withdrawn from operational use by MCG in 2006.
    • RTOP-402 Vlado Ćetković – Captured by the Croatia Navy during events of 1991. Introduced in operational use as RTOP-21 Šibenik. Located in Naval Base Lora of Split.
    • RTOP-403 Ramiz Sadiku – Partially cut, currently awaiting sale at Tivat Arsenal. Heavy maintenance stopped mid-1990s. RTOP-403, was withdrawn from operational use by RMVJ in 2007.
    • RTOP-404 Hasan Zahirović-Laca – Currently awaiting sale in Bar, Montenegro. RTOP-404, was withdrawn from operational use by MCG in 2006.
    • RTOP-405 Jordan Nikolov – Orce – Currently awaiting sale in Bar, Montenegro. RTOP-405, was withdrawn from operational use by MCG.
    • RTOP-406 Ante Banina – Currently awaiting sale in Bar, Montenegro. RTOP-406, was withdrawn from operational use by MCG.

Fast Missile Boats:

Archivo:Osa Missile Boats.jpg
Osa I missile boats
  • Osa class Plantilla:USSR(all sold to Egypt)
    • RČ-301 Mitar Acev– Captured by the Croatian Navy during events of 1991. Introduced in operational use on the Croatian Navy until 2008, as a fast patrol boat-minelayer OBM-41 Dubrovnik.[1]​
    • RČ-302 Vlado Bagat – Withdrawn from operational use by RMVJ in the mid-1990s. Fate unknown?
    • RČ-303 Petar Drapšin - Withdrawn from operational use by RMVJ in the mid-1990s. Fate unknown?
    • RČ-304 Stjepan Filipović-Stevo – Withdrawn from operational use by RMVJ in the mid-1990s. Sold to Egypt, modernised at Arsenal Tivat, Montenegro. In operational use by Egyptian Navy since 2007, serial 647.
    • RČ-305 Žikica Jovanović-Španac - Withdrawn from operational use by RMVJ in the mid-1990s. Sold to Egypt, modernised at Arsenal Tivat, Montenegro. In operational use by Egyptian Navy since 2007, serial 649.
    • RČ-306 Nikola Martinović - Withdrawn from operational use by RMVJ in the mid-1990s. Sold to Egypt, modernised at Arsenal Tivat, Montenegro. In operational use by Egyptian Navy since 2007, serial 651
    • RČ-307 Josip Mažar –Šoša - Withdrawn from operational use by RMVJ in the mid-1990s. Sold to Egypt, modernised at Arsenal Tivat, Montenegro. In operational use by Egyptian Navy since 2007, serial 653
    • RČ-308 Karlo Rojc - Withdrawn from operational use by RMVJ in the mid-1990s. Sold to Egypt, modernised at Arsenal Tivat, Montenegro. In operational use by Egyptian Navy since 2007, serial 655
    • RČ-309 Franc Rozman-Stane - Withdrawn from operational use by RMVJ in the mid-1990s.
    • RČ-310 Velimir Škorpik – Captured in September 1991 by the Croatian Navy and sunk in 1994 as live ammunition target practice by the missile boats Kralj Petar Krešimir IV and OBM-41 Dubrovnik during operation Posejdon.[1]​[2]​[3]​

Torpedo boats:

  • Shershen class Plantilla:USSR/Bandera de Yugoslavia Yugoslavia[4]​
    • TČ-211 Pionir
    • TČ-212 Partizan
    • TČ-213 Proleter
    • TČ-214 Topčider
    • TČ-215 Ivan
    • TČ-216 Jadran
    • TČ-217 Kornat
    • TČ-218 Biokovac
    • TČ-219 Streljko - Captured by the Croatian Navy in 1991. Heavily damaged, she never returned to service and was sunk as a target by the missile boats Kralj Petar Krešimir IV and OBM-41 Dubrovnik in 1994, during operation Posejdon.[2]​[3]​
    • TČ-220 Crvena zvezda
    • TČ-221 Partizan III - Captured by the Croatian Navy in 1991 where she saw service as OBM-51 Vukovar.
    • TČ-222 Partizan II
    • TČ-223 Napredak
    • TČ-224 Pionir II


Patrol boats:

  • C-80 class Bandera de Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
    • PČ-132 Kalnik
    • PČ-133 Velebit
    • PČ-134 Romanija
    • PČ-135 Triglav
    • PČ-136 Lovčen
  • Mirna-class Bandera de Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
    • PČ-171 Biokovo - Captured by the Croatian Navy during the events of 1991. In operational use as OB-01 Novigrad. Located in Naval Base Lora at Split.
    • PČ-172 Pohorje - In Montenegro, used for tourists.
    • PČ-173 Koprivnik - In Montenegro, used for tourists.
    • PČ-174 Učka - In service with Montenegro police
    • PČ-175 Grmeč - Evacuated to Montenegro during the 1991. In 2007 sold to private owner from Croatia.
    • PČ-176 Mukos - She was heavily damaged in November 1991 by an underwater explosion during the battle of the Dalmatian channels, off Šolta island and abandoned by the JRM. She was later raised, repaired and put back in operational use by HRM as OB-02 Šolta.[5]​
    • PČ-177 Fruška gora - In Montenegro, used for tourists.
    • PČ-178 Kosmaj - In service with Montenegro police
    • PČ-179 Zelengora - Evacuated to Montenegro during the 1991. In 2007 she was sold to a private owner from Croatia.
    • PČ-180 Cer - Captured by the Croatian Navy during the events of 1991. In operational use as OB-03 Cavtat. Located in Naval Base Lora, Split, Croatia.
    • PČ-181 Durmitor - Captured by the Croatian Navy during the events of 1991. In operational use as OB-04 Hrvatska Kostajnica. Located in Naval Base Lora, Split, Croatia.

School ship:

Archivo:Tito's Yacht "Galeb".jpg
SFR Yugoslav Navy stately yacht Galeb, used by Marshal Tito on his foreign trips

River Fleet

Command ship

Station for degauss

River minesweepers

  • 307 class
    • RML-307
    • RML-308
    • RML-309
    • RML-310

River patrol boats

  • 21 class Bandera de Yugoslavia Yugoslavia
    • ČMP-21
    • ČMP-22
    • ČMP-23
    • ČMP-24

Assault boats

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ a b World Navies Today: Croatia (2002)
  2. ↑ a b HRM "Vukovar" i "Dubrovnik" Plantilla:Hr icon
  3. ↑ a b Vojna vjezba drill posjedon- Hrvatska Croatia, Jadran Adriatic 1994 Operation Posjedon video Plantilla:Hr icon
  4. ↑ Chant, Christopher (1984). Naval Forces of the World. Chartwell Books, p. 178. ISBN 0-89009-626-0
  5. ↑ Admiral Letica je naredio: "Raspali!" Slobodna Dalmacija, 15 November 2004. Plantilla:Hr icon

References

Plantilla:Yugoslav People's Army

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