The terms used can vary between different English-speaking countries; many of the phrases described here are particular to the United States and the United Kingdom.
The technical difficulty {{grade|grading}} system for {{aid climbing}} (both for "original" and an adapted version for "new wave"), which goes: A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and up to A6 (for "new wave"). See {{C-grade}}.[4]}}
A technique by which a climber descends via a {{fixed rope}} that is firmly attached to a fixed {{anchor}} point, which is also known as an "abseil station". See {{tat}} and {{cord}}.}}
Type of {{protection}} that dynamically changes to absorb the shape and strength of a fall; active protection is the opposite of {{passive protection}}. See {{cam}}s and {{friend}}s.}}
Type of rock climbing where artificial devices are used to make upward progress (and not just for {{protection}}); opposite of {{free climbing}}. See {{clean aid climbing}}.
Part of the {{alpine climbing}} system for {{grade|grading}} the technical difficulty of alpine climbing routes, which goes: F ("facile/easy"), PD ("peu difficile/little difficult"), AD ("assez difficile/fairly hard"), D ("difficile/difficult"), TD ("très difficile/very hard"), and ED ("extrêmement difficile/extremely difficult"); ED then goes ED1, ED2, ED3, .. etc.[4][6] }}
alpine knee
An awkward climbing technique where the knee is placed on the hold rather than the foot.[7]
alpine start
Starting a climb very early in the morning, generally before 5:00a.m. (and even much earlier); common to {{alpine climbing}} to avoid afternoon rockfalls and melting snow on the route, or to get firmer ice on the glacier travel to and from the route.[2]
An {{armchair landing}}
A technique in {{deep-water soloing}} for entering shallower water where the climber needs to avoid deeper hazards in the water; executed properly a 30 pies (9,1 m) fall can be absorbed in just 5 pies (1,5 m) of water.[8]
{{Bachar ladder}}
A piece of training equipment used to improve {{campus|campusing}} and core body and arm strength; invented by John Bachar.
back-clipping
A hazardous mistake whereby the rope is clipped into a {{quickdraw}} such that the leader's end runs underneath the quickdraw as opposed to over the top of it. If the leader falls, the rope may fold directly over the gate, causing it to open and release the rope from the {{carabiner}}.[1][10]
back-step
A {{back-step}}
Stepping on a hold where the outside edge — little toe side — of the shoe touches the rock.[1][11][12]
bail
To retreat from a climb.
ball nut
A type of {{protection}} device consisting of a nut and a movable ball used for very small thin cracks.[13]
barn-door
A potential {{barn door}} swing to the right
When all four points of contact are on a straight axis, the body can swing uncontrollably on this axis. See {{flagging}}.[2]
A mechanical device used by {{belayer|belayers}} to increase braking force when belaying; can be passive like a {{figure eight|figure eights}} or {{tuber|tubers}}, or a more active {{abd|assisted braking device}} like the Petzl GriGri.[1][2]
Glasses that are worn by the {{belayer}} to help them avoid having to look upward, which can cause neck strain.[14]
belay gloves
{{Belay glove}}
Gloves that are worn by the {{belayer}} to protect their skin in the event of sudden rope movement and to aid grip.[14]
belay loop
The strongest point on a climbing {{harness}}, and the loop to which a {{belay device}} is physically attached.[1][2]
belay off
A {{climbing command}} from a {{belayer}} to confirm that the friction of {{belay|belaying}} has been removed from a climbing rope. It is a standard response to a climber's "{{off belay}}" request.[15]
belay on
A {{climbing command}} from a {{belayer}} to confirm that the friction of {{belay|belaying}} has been (re)applied to a climbing rope. It is a standard response to a climber's "{{on belay}}" request.[15]
belay station
Bolted {{belay station}}
The place from which a {{belayer}} is belaying, sometimes anchored to the ground, or directly to the rock (particularly in a {{hanging belay}} on {{big wall climbing}} routes), or other objects.[16]
Information on how to complete (or protect) a particular climbing route. See {{on-sight}} and {{flash}}.[1][2][3]
beta break
In {{sport climbing}}, a move on a climbing route other than the move originally intended by the route setter. In bouldering, a move other than the move usually used on the boulder.
A rock-climbing technique for {{overhang|overhangs}} where the feet "pinch-hold" a foothold by one foot pushing down on it while the other foot pulls up on it (i.e. like the pedals on a bicycle).[17]
{{Big wall climbing}}
A long sustained sheer exposed rock climb with at least 6–10 {{pitch}}es (over 300–500 metres), that typically takes over a day (if not many days), and requires the hauling of food, water, sleeping bags, and the use of {{portaledge}}s.[1]
Where the {{belayer}} uses their body, and not a mechanical {{belay device}}, to increase braking force when belaying; usually involves wrapping the rope around their waist or hip.[19]}}
boinking
A {{sport climbing}} technique to get back onto the wall after falling by pulling on the rope to un-weight it, allowing the belayer to {{take|take in}} the {{slack}} quickly; avoids the fallen climber having to return to the ground.[20]
bollard
Snow {{bollard}}
A large block of rock or ice that is used as an {{anchor}} to construct a {{belay}}.
The deliberate removal of {{bolt|bolts}} from a climb; happens on {{traditional climbing}} routes (e.g. the Indian Face); also featured in the "bolt wars" of the 1980s and 1990s in the US.[3]
bolt ladder
Sequence of {{bolt|bolts}} that are so close together, they can be used by {{aid climbing|aid climbers}} as a ladder.[2]
The technical difficulty {{grade|grading}} system for {{aid climbing}} that is "clean" (i.e. no {{rock hammer|hammered}}{{piton}}s or {{bolt}}s), which goes: C0, C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5; also has an {{a-grade|A-grade}} equivalent of the "original" aid grades for "new wave".[4]}}
An aluminum loop with a spring-loaded gate used to attach various load-bearing climbing devices together.[1]}}
carrot bolt
{{Carrot bolt}} with {{nut}}
An Australian term for a metal hex-headed machine bolt that functions like a {{bolt}} but with no fixed {{bolt hanger}}; climbers attach to the carrot bolt by using a version of a {{rivet hanger}} or by attaching a removable bolt hanger plate.[24]
Type of {{harness}} that also covers the upper body to help prevent a rotation in any fall; particularly used when the climber is carrying a heavy pack, or is climbing in an area with crevasses.
chest jam
Jamming the torso into a wide crack, especially to allow the climber to rest.
A broad movement that extended from the earlier {{free climbing}} movement, which advocated minimizing any form of climbing that permanently impacted the natural rock surface, such as the use of {{bolt}}s or {{piton}}s in {{sport climbing}}.
cleaning tool
{{Cleaning tool}}
A device for removing jammed protection equipment, especially {{nut|nuts}}, from a {{route}}.
Artificial rock face that is typically housed indoors; is also used for {{competition climbing}}.
clip in
The process of attaching the rope to {{protection}} (usually via a {{carabiner}}), to {{belay}} devices, or to other {{anchor|anchors}}. See {{tie in}}.}}
A type of climbing held on {{climbing wall}}s for mostly professional or Olympic climbers, split into the disciplines of {{lead climbing}} (on a bolted {{sport climbing}} route), {{bouldering}} and {{speed climbing}}. A fourth discipline of "combined" add the three together. See {{ifsc|IFSC}}.[30]
A type of ice climbing held on {{climbing wall}}s for mostly professional ice climbers, split into the disciplines of ice {{lead climbing}} (on a bolted {{sport climbing}} dry-wall route), and ice {{speed climbing}} on an iced route. See also {{uiaa|UIAA}}.
{{Copperhead}}s
A small nut on a loop of wire with a head made of metal (often copper), soft enough to deform during placement, which is often with a {{rock hammer|hammer}}; commonly used in {{aid climbing}} as a point of placement, remaining fixed in-situ after placement.
{{Dead hang|Dead hanging}}
When a climber hangs limp, such that their weight is held by arm ligament tension rather than by muscles.
deadman anchor
An object which lies horizontally, buried in the snow, serving as an {{anchor}} for an attached {{fixed rope}}.[33]}}
deadpoint
A controlled {{dynamic motion}} in which the hold is grabbed with one hand at the apex of upward motion of the body, while one or both feet and the other hand maintain contact with the rock.[34] See {{dyno|dynos}}.
deck
The ground below a climbing route (i.e they fell to the ground and "hit the deck"). See {{ground fall}}.[2]
A drug used to inhibit the onset of altitude sickness; otherwise known as acetazolamide.[35]
dihedral
{{Dihedral}}
An open book-shaped {{corner}} formed at the intersection of two flat rock faces; the opposite of an {{arête}}.[1][2]
direttissima
Italian for "shortest link", is the most direct route to the summit of a mountain up the fall line (e.g. the Brandler-Hasse Direttissima on the Cima Grande, Dolomites); origin of the term is often attributed to Emilio Comici who said: "I wish some day to make a route, and from the summit let fall a drop of water, and this is where my route will have gone".[36]
direct start
A new variation of an existing rock climbing route that avoids detours taken before the main line is reached due to their greater difficulty (e.g. Suprême Jumbo Love as a direct start to Jumbo Love).
dirtbag
A climber who lives modestly and often itinerantly, to maximize the amount of time climbing. Practitioners included Jan and Herb Conn and Fred Beckey (from the film: Dirtbag: The Legend of Fred Beckey).[37]
{{Drilled baby angle}}
A type of {{anchor}} used in soft rock instead of {{bolt|bolts}} that uses a "baby angle" ({{piton}}) {{rock hammer|hammered}} into a drilled hole, which some think is better in soft rock than bolts that can crack the rock.[41][42]
drive-by
A {{deadpoint}} where one arm crosses over the other to reach a hold that is above and to the side.
drop knee
An advanced rock-climbing technique where the knee is dropped downwards to twist the hips—and the centre of gravity—closer to the rock face, thus increasing the amount of upward reach and torque available to the climber; the unique stresses on the knee can lead to serious injuries.[1][11]}}
An elastic {{climbing rope}} that softens falls to some extent and absorbs the energy of heavy loads. Compare {{static rope}}.[29]
dyno
In rock climbing, a dynamic jump or leap to grab an out-of-reach hold; failure to grab the hold will usually result in a {{fall}}. See also {{paddling}} and {{campusing}}.[1][2][43]
Part of the British adjectival grading system that is used to rank the level of risk (a separate grade is given for technical difficulty) of {{traditional climbing}} routes, and which goes E1, E2, E3, ... to E11 (an additional metric is used for technical difficulty).[4]
edging
Using the edge of a {{climbing shoe}} on a narrow foothold; in the absence of footholds, {{smearing}} is used.
A mountain whose elevation exceeds 8,000 meters (26,247 ft) a.s.l, of which there are only 14 in the world.
eliminate
1. A {{bouldering}} move, or series of moves, where certain holds are placed "off bounds".[2]
2. A British climbing term for a route that does not take the most obvious or direct line, and instead 'eliminates' the use of other features to create its line (e.g. not allowing the climber to use a nearby crack in making their ascent).[2]
Using teams of support people (e.g. support climbers, sherpas, and/or equipment porters, etc.), and equipment (e.g. {{fixed rope}}, base camps, etc.) in helping the lead climbers reach the eventual summit; opposite of {{alpine style}}.
Ratio of the height (h) a climber falls to the rope length (l) available to absorb the energy of a fall.[1][2]
false peak
A peak that appears to be the pinnacle of the mountain but upon reaching, it turns out the summit is higher (and further ahead).}}
figure-four
A {{figure-four}} move
An advanced climbing technique in which the climber hooks a leg over the opposite arm (which needs to be in a good handhold), and then pushes down with this leg to achieve a greater vertical reach; more common in {{mixed climbing}}.[2]
figure-nine
A variation of the {{figure-four}} move where the "same-side" leg is used instead of the "opposite" leg.[2]}}
{{jumar|Jumaring}} up a {{fixed rope}} using an {{ascender}}
A rope that hangs from a fixed attachment point; commonly used for {{abseil|abseiling}} (going down) or for {{jumar|jumaring}} (going up).
flagging
A rock-climbing technique where a leg is held in a position to maintain balance, rather than to support weight, often to prevent a {{barn-door}}.[2] There are three types of flagging:[12][11]
normal flag
Flagging foot stays on the same side (e.g. flagging right foot to the right side of the body).[12][11]
reverse inside-flag
Flagging foot is crossed in front of the foot that is on a foothold.[12][11]
reverse outside-flag
Flagging foot is crossed behind the foot that is on a foothold.[12][11]
flake
A thin slab of rock detached from the main face offering a hold, although it may become detached.[2]
flash
To ascend a route on the first attempt, but having obtained {{beta}}; with no beta, it is an {{on-sight}}.[1][2][45][3]
The French {{grade}} system for {{bouldering}}, which goes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 6C, 7A, 7B, 7C, .... , to 9A; with the American {{v-grade|V-grade}} system, is the most common worldwide boulder-grading system. Font grades are often confused with {{French grade}}s.[6]}}
foot jam
A technique of {{jamming}} the foot into a large crack by twisting so that the heel and toes touch the sides.}}
flapper
The tearing of skin and flesh due to friction with sharp or rough surfaces.
The use of very basic {{aid climbing}} techniques (i.e. {{A-grade|A0-graded}} aid techniques such as pulling on climbing protection) to bypass a short section that is not easily climbable, particularly used in {{big wall climbing}}.[46]
The French {{grade}} system for {{sport climbing}}, which goes: 5a, 5b, 5c, 6a, 6b, 6c, 7a, 7b, 7c, .... , to 9c; with the American {{yosemite decimal system|YDS}} system, is the most common sport climbing grading system. French grades are often confused with {{font}} grades.[6]}}
French start
Moving off for the second hold without being established on the start holds, thus using the floor as a foothold. In most {{competition climbing}}, including {{IFSC}} events, starting a climb in this manner invalidates the attempt.[47]
frenchies
An exercise used to develop lock-off strength consisting of pull-ups that stop with the elbows locked at angles between 20 and 160 degrees.
friable
Delicate and easily broken rock, or ice, often dangerously so.
Mountaineering clothing equipment that is worn over the boots and lower leg to give added protection and waterproofing.
Gaston
A climbing grip using one hand with the thumb down and elbow out, like a reverse {{side pull}}. The grip maintains friction against a hold by pressing outward toward the elbow. Named for Gaston Rébuffat.[1][2][11]
gate flutter
The unwelcome action of the gate on a {{carabiner}} opening during a fall.
Classifications intended as an objective measure of the technical difficulty of a climbing route (including rock, ice, bouldering, mixed, and aid). The most widely used {{lead climbing}}} grading systems are the {{French grade|French sport climbing grades}}, and the American {{yosemite decimal system|Yosemite Decimal System}}; for {{bouldering}}, it is the {{font}} grade and the {{v-grade|V-grade}} systems.[2][6]
Accidentally going off-route {{lead climbing|leading}} into a harder route; from the notorious climb Gronk in Avon Gorge.
ground fall
Where a {{lead climber}} falls and hits the ground, either because their {{protection}} failed (e.g. {{zipper fall}}), the {{runout}} was too great, or the {{belayer}} failed to arrest or hold the rope.[2]}}
A sewn nylon webbing load-bearing device that is worn around the climber's waist and thighs, and to which the climbing rope, and other load-bearing climbing devices, can be attached.[2]}}
A region at the top of a cliff or rock face that steepens dramatically.
heel hook
{{Heel hook}}
Using the back of the heel to apply pressure on a {{hold}} for balance or for leverage.[1][2][12]
heel-toe
A combination of a {{toe hook}} and {{heel hook}} to hold the body onto the climbing route.}}
hero loop
A short {{runner}} made of 5- to 8-mm {{cord}} tied in to a loop. Commonly used for self-belay during {{rappel}}, escaping a {{belay}}, and in {{crevasse}} rescue.[52]
A round hold consisting of a pocket in the rock with a positive lip, varying in size from a single finger (a "mono") to body-sized. The term comes from Hueco Tanks that is notable for huecos, the Spanish term for a "hole".
An artificial pad that is worn on the lower thigh to protect a climber when performing a {{knee bar}}; initially controversial as they raised technical standards, but came to be accepted like climbing shoes.[56][57]
Aluminum {{ladder}}
Lightweight rigid aluminum ladders are used in {{expedition style}} mountaineering to cross crevasses or on difficult sections as a form of {{aid climbing}} support (this can also be done with flexible {{bachar ladder}}s). See also {{aider}}.
A technique used to climb {{off-width}} cracks pioneered in the late 1970s by Randy Leavitt and Tony Yaniro that uses alternating hand-fist stacks and leg-calf locks; helpful for resting, and when placing {{protection}}.[58]
Resting {{lock off}}
A climber holding a fixed position with one bent arm, usually while clipping or reaching for another hold with their other arm, or resting. Contrast with {{dead hang}}.[1]
In competition bouldering, a marked hold somewhere between the start and zone. It is either worth some number of points (less than the zone) or used as a tiebreaker.
Part of the {{mixed climbing}} system for {{grade|grading}} the technical difficulty of mixed climbing routes, which goes: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, and up to M14.[4] See also {{D-grade}}.}}
mantel move
{{Mantel}} move
Moving onto a shelf of rock by pressing down on it with the palms until the climber can stand on the "mantel" (i.e. the same action as leaving from the side of a pool).[1][2][12][11]
American {{climbing command}} when requesting that the {{belayer}} remove {{belay}} equipment from the climbing rope (e.g. when cleaning top {{protection}} from a lead route). Replied to with "{{belay off}}".[15]
off-width
{{Off-width}} climb
A crack that is too wide for effective hand or foot {{jamming|jams}} but is not as large as a {{chimney}}.[1][2] See {{big bro}}.
To ascend a route on the first attempt, with no prior {{beta}}; with beta, it is a {{flash}}.[1][2][45]
open book
An inside angle in the rock. See also {{dihedral}}.
open project
A route that was {{bolt}}ed by someone (e.g. they bought and installed the bolts) but who was unsuccessful in {{redpoint}}ing it, and it is now considered to be "open" to any climber to try; sometimes the original bolter will leave colored tape on the first bolt(s) to note the route is "not open".[60]
A multi-move {{dyno}} where the climber must move quickly through a sequence of intermediate hand holds (neither of which can hold the climber for any period), with their arms mimicking a paddling action and their feet usually in mid-air, before getting to a secure position. See also {{campusing}}.[43]
To systematically attain every peak of a designated class of summits (e.g. eight-thousanders), sometimes under prescribed conditions (e.g. in winter), and/or in a prescribed climbing style (e.g. no supplementary oxygen.)
A {{quickdraw}} but made from a steel cable with steel {{carabiner}}s that is permanently fixed to the {{bolt}}; longer wearing than aluminum quickdraws, and climbers do not need to retrieve them after a climb.[1]
{{Piton}}
A flat or angled metal blade of steel for {{protection}} that incorporates a clipping hole for a {{carabiner}} or a ring in its body that is {{rock hammer|hammered}} into cracks; comes in a wide range of designs and types for different crack types and widths; common in {{aid climbing}}, {{big wall climbing}}, and {{alpine climbing}}.[1][2] See also {{rurp|RURP}}.
piton catcher
A clip-on string fastened to a {{piton}} when inserting or removing, so as to avoid loss.
plunge step
An aggressive step pattern for descending on hard or steep-angle snow.
poop tube
{{Poop tube}}
A PVC tube-shaped container for carrying out human feces during multi-day or {{big wall climbing|big wall}} climbs.[61]
{{Portaledge}}
A lightweight foldaway tent platform used in {{big wall climbing}} to create a rest point on a sheer rock face.
positive
A {{hold}} or part of a hold with a surface facing upwards, or away from the direction it is pulled, facilitating use. A positive hold is the opposite of a {{sloper}}.
pressure breathing
Forcefully exhaling to facilitate O2/CO2 exchange at altitude.}}
problem
Used in {{bouldering}} to describe the sequence of moves to be overcome.[2]}}
1. Name given to the collective set of {{protection}} equipment carried by a {{lead climber}} up a climb.[1][2]
2. A type of heavy-duty "all-weather" {{descender}} known as an "abseil rack" or a "rappel rack", consisting of metal bars on a U-shaped chassis, which is frequently used in caving. An alternative heavier device is a "whaletail" (also "whale tail") which is a machined block often used by rescuers.[64]
Secondary or intermediate fixed {{anchor|anchor point(s)}} along the length of a {{fixed rope}} (i.e. in addition to the main {{anchor|anchor}} at the top of the fixed rope) that is used to avoid edges that could increase rope wear.[65]}}
rebolting
The replacement of older {{bolt|bolts}} on an existing bolted {{sport climbing}} route.
An energy-saving mountaineering technique where the unweighted (uphill) leg is rested between each forward step, by "locking" the knee of the rear leg.
retro-bolting
The addition of {{bolt|bolts}} to a route that has already been ascended using {{traditional climbing}}{{protection}}. The technique is controversial, with ethical debate on the issues of improving climber safety versus protecting the integrity of the original traditional climbing challenge.[66][67]
rigging plate
Blue {{rigging plate}}
A light metal plate with several holes that can be used as a multi-anchor device that several items can be attached to at a {{belay station}}, notable versions include the Petzl PAW.
ripped
Term to denote when a piece of {{protection}} failed and "ripped-out" of the rock. See {{zipper fall}}.[2]
A move in which the crossing arm goes behind the other arm and is so far extended that the body is forced to twist until it ends up facing away from the rock. It was introduced by fr to climb a route in Buoux called La rose et le vampire 8b in 1985.[69]
{{RURP}}
A miniature, postage stamp-sized chrome-moly square {{piton}}, tied to a wire or rope and {{rock hammer|hammered}} into cracks; created by Yvon Chouinard in 1960 for extreme {{aid climbing}} routes in Yosemite; acronym for realized ultimate reality piton.[70]
Part of the {{deep-water soloing}} system for {{grade|grading}} the objective danger difficulty of DWS climbing routes, which goes: S0, S1, S2, and S3. See also {{x|X}}.}}
A rock climb with a much lower official climbing {{grade}} than probably deserved; sometimes due to a "trick-move" at the {{crux}} that once learned, does make the route easier; or due to overly conservative grading.[2]
The involuntary vibration of the leg due to fatigue and/or panic and stress.[2]}}
shadow match
A rock climbing move to quickly switch hands on a {{hold}} that can only fit one hand at a time.
sharp end
The end of the rope that is attached to the {{lead climber}}, to denote the more serious activity they are undertaking compared to the {{belayer}}.[2]
{{Bouldering}} term for a route that must be started from a seated position on the ground with hands and feet on prescribed holds; acronyms are SS (sit-start), SDS (sit-down-start), or assis (french); concept invented by John Yablonski.[73]}}
A style of {{lead climbing}} where the {{protection}} is via pre-placed fixed {{bolt}}s; opposite of {{traditional climbing}}.[3] Confusingly, {{competition climbing}} (which includes bolted lead climbing, but also free solo bouldering and top-roped speed climbing) is sometimes called "sport climbing".[2][3]
A technique in {{mixed climbing}} and {{dry-tooling}} where the ice axe is inverted and the blade wedged into a crack above the climber's head, who then pulls down on the handle of the axe to gain upward momentum. See also {{undercling pull}}.[75]
stemming
{{Stemming}}
Technique for climbing opposing corners by pushing in opposite directions with the feet and hands. See {{chimneying}}.[1][2][12][11]
step cutting
Scooping steps out of snow or ice with the adze of an {{ice axe}}.
step kicking
Scooping and stamping steps out of soft snow with the feet.
Term to describe pieces of {{webbing}} or {{cord}} left on a climb (e.g. "I found some old tat") often as part of an irretrievable {{anchor}} point that was part of an {{abseiling|abseil station}}.[77]
{{Talus}} rocks
An area of large rock fragments on a mountainside where the rocks are stable and not loose like {{scree}}.
talon hook
A type of three-pronged climbing hook used for securing the climber to a horizontal edge in the rock face. Each prong contains a curved hook of differing widths for securing onto respective edge sizes when aid climbing.
tape
Applying {{tape}}
Adhesive tape that is wrapped around the fingers and hands to protect the skin; particularly useful in {{crack climbing}}.
{{top rope|Top roping}}
To {{belay}} from a fixed {{anchor}} point above the climb; if the climber falls, they just hang. See {{hangdog}}ging.[2][1][3]
top-out
To complete a {{route}} by ascending over the top of the climb to safety.[2]
A {{big wall climbing}} technique where the {{lead climber}} carries an additional static rope (in addition to their dynamic climbing rope) that hangs (or "trails") behind them as they ascend; the trail rope enables the belayer to pass equipment to the leader during the ascent, and for the leader to haul up equipment as the belayer ascends.[22][61]}}
A climbing move where the hips "twist" perpendicular to the wall, the inside arm is "locked" on an upper hold, the outside arm holds the body against the wall, and the feet press down to propel the body higher.
The {{UIAA}} grade system for rock climbing, which goes: ... VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, .... , to XII; is less common than the {{French grade}} system or the American {{yosemite decimal system|YDS grade}} system, but still used in Germany and parts of Eastern Europe.[6]}}
A downward {{hold}} which is gripped with the palm of the hand facing upwards.[1][2][11]}}
undercling pull
After a {{stein pull}} is completed, the undercling pull is a {{mixed climbing}} technique for continuing to use the hold to gain upward momentum by using the hold to pull into the rock; requires a lot more energy than a stein pull.[75]
A {{grade|grading system}} for {{bouldering}}{{problem|problems}} invented by John Sherman, which goes: V0, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, ... , to V17. The V-scale and the French {{font}} scale are the most common boulder grading systems in use worldwide.[1][6]}}
A thin coating of ice that forms over rocks when rainfall or melting snow freezes, which is hard to climb on as there is insufficient depth for {{crampons}} to have penetration. See also {{clear ice}} and {{glaze ice}}.
An alpine {{route}} where {{protection}} is from permanent steel {{fixed ropes}} or chains, with progression aided by artificial steel steps or ladders; commonly found in the Dolomites. See also {{lanyard}} and {{energy absorber}}.}}
volume hold
{{Volume hold}}s
A large, hollow, bolted-on {{hold}}, for indoor {{climbing wall}}s; it may itself contain individual holds
Part of the {{ice climbing}} system for {{grade|grading}} the technical difficulty of ice climbing routes, which goes: WI1, WI2, WI3, WI4, WI5, WI6, and up to WI13.[4] See also {{M-grade}}.}}
Round {{webbing}}
A hollow and flat nylon strip mainly used to make {{sling|slings}}.
webolette
A piece of {{webbing}} with eyes sewn into the ends which can be used in place of a {{cordelette}}.
weighting
Any time a rope sustains the weight of the climber, e.g. "weighting the rope". This can happen during a minor fall, a {{whipper}} (long fall), or simply by resting while hanging on the {{belay}} rope. See also {{hangdog|hangdogging}}.
French term for a {{figure-four}} move which came from American climber Tony Yaniro's use of it on Chouca 8a+.[79]
yo-yo
A {{free climbing}} term pre-{{redpoint}}ing, where a falling {{lead climber}} returns to the ground to restart, but leaves their rope clipped into the {{protection}} — in redpointing, the rope is pulled free from all protection before re-starting the climb.[2]
American system for {{grade|grading}} walks, hikes, and climbs; the rock climbing (5.x) goes: 5.7, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10a, 5.10b, 5.10c, 5.10d, 5.11a, .... , 5.14a, 5.14b, 5.14c, 5.14d, 5.15a, etc., and with the {{French grade}} system, is the most widely used grading system worldwide for {{sport climbing}}.[6]
↑Der Sächsische Bergsteigerbund, ed. (1 September 2009), «5.1 Klettergipfel»(Webdokument), Sächsische Kletterregeln : Vollständige Fassung(en german), archivado desde el original el 10 September 2011, consultado el 16 November 2009Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda).
↑Soanes, Catherine and Stevenson, Angus (ed.) (2005). Oxford Dictionary of English, 2nd Ed., revised, Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, p. 1775. ISBN978-0-19-861057-1.
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