I = I i + I s ¯ {\displaystyle I=I_{i}+{\overline {I_{s}}}}
I s R s ¯ = I i ¯ R i {\displaystyle I_{s}\,{\overline {R_{s}}}={\overline {I_{i}}}\,R_{i}}
R s ¯ = I i ¯ R i I − I i ¯ {\displaystyle {\overline {R_{s}}}={\frac {{\overline {I_{i}}}\,R_{i}}{I-{\overline {I_{i}}}}}}
R v ¯ = V I i ¯ − R i {\displaystyle {\overline {R_{v}}}={\frac {V}{{\overline {I_{i}}}-R_{i}}}}
V = I i ¯ ( R i + R v ¯ ) {\displaystyle V={\overline {I_{i}}}\,(R_{i}+{\overline {R_{v}}})}
R = E I − E I i {\displaystyle R={\frac {E}{I}}-{\frac {E}{I_{i}}}}
E = I ( R i + r i + R p + R p ′ + R ) {\displaystyle E=I\,(R_{i}+r_{i}+R_{p}+R'_{p}+R)}
E = I i ( R i + r i + R p + R p ′ ) {\displaystyle E=I_{i}\,(R_{i}+r_{i}+R_{p}+R'_{p})}