Usuario:JGRG/Centro Nacional de Constitución

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The National Constitution Center is a non-profit institution that is devoted to the study of the Constitution of the United States. Located at the Independence Mall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the center is an interactive museum which serves as a national town hall, hosting government leaders, journalists, scholars, and celebrities who engage in public discussions, including Constitution-related events and presidential debates.

The groundbreaking ceremony was held on September 17, 2000, the 213th anniversary of the signing of the Constitution. The center opened on July 4, 2003,[1]​ joining other historic sites and attractions in what has been called "America's most historic square mile"[2]​ because of its proximity to Independence Hall and the Liberty Bell.

The center offers civic learning resources onsite and online. It does not house the original Constitution, which is stored at the National Archives Building in Washington, D.C.

Background[editar]

Long, "We the People Inscription" at the National Constitution Center
"We the People" inscription at the National Constitution Center

The center was created by the Constitution Heritage Act.[3]​ Approved on September 16, 1988, and signed by President Ronald Reagan,[4]​ the act defined the National Constitution Center as "within or in close proximity to the Independence National Historical Park. The Center shall disseminate information about the United States Constitution on a non-partisan basis in order to increase the awareness and understanding of the Constitution among the American people."[5]​ The center is at 525 Arch Street, an address chosen because May 25 (5/25) was the date that the Constitutional Convention began in Philadelphia.[cita requerida][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span>]

The architectural firm of Pei Cobb Freed &amp; Partners designed the center,[6]​ and Leslie E. Robertson Associates were the structural engineers for the project. Witold Rybczynski of The New York Times wrote, "Quiet but assertive, respectful of its surroundings, considerate of its public, this building is destined to take its place among the nation's leading public monuments."[7]​

Ralph Appelbaum Associates designed the center's visitor experience and exhibition hall. The public space is 160 000 pies cuadrados (14 864,5 m²), including galleries. The center has 75 785 pies cuadrados (7040,7 m²) of exhibit space. The center is made of American products, including 85 000 pies cuadrados (7896,8 m²) of Indiana limestone, 2.6 million pounds of steel, and a half-million cubic feet of concrete. Construction of the center was overseen by project manager Hill International.

Prior to its closure in December 2019, the Newseum, a journalism-themed museum in Washington D.C., had featured a four-story-tall stone panel inscribed with the text of the First Amendment as part of its exterior design. The Freedom Forum, a nonprofit organization that created the museum, announced in March 2021 that the panel would be dismantled and donated to the National Constitution Center for display in its second-floor atrium.[8]​

Leadership[editar]

The National Constitution Center board of trustees appointed law professor, legal commentator, and former visiting scholar Jeffrey Rosen to serve as president and chief executive officer of the center; Rosen began his tenure in June 2013.[9]​ The chairmen of the board of the Center have been:

Chairman Period
John C. Bogle 1999–2007
George H. W. Bush 2007–2009
Bill Clinton 2009–2012
Jeb Bush 2013–2017
Joe Biden 2017–2019
Neil Gorsuch 2019–

Civic education[editar]

Through its Annenberg Center for Education and Outreach, the center offers onsite and online civic-education programs and a study center which develops and distributes teaching tools, lesson plans and resources.[10]​

Public engagement[editar]

The center has hosted several debates, including a 2008 Democratic presidential primary debate between Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama,[11]​ a town hall meeting with Senator John McCain,[12]​ and a 2006 Pennsylvania Senatorial debate between Republican incumbent Rick Santorum and Democratic challenger Bob Casey.[13]​

Liberty Medal[editar]

In 2006, the center became home to the Philadelphia Liberty Medal, an annual award established in 1988 to recognize "men and women of courage and conviction who strive to secure the blessings of liberty to people around the globe."[14]​

Reception[editar]

George Will wrote for The Washington Post, "At the other end of the mall sparkles a modernist jewel of America's civic life, the National Constitution Center".[15]​ Jason DeParle wrote for The New York Times Learning Network, "Since opening in 2003, [the National Constitution Center] has put forward a vision of constitutional history both left and right have embraced."[16]​ According to The Philadelphia Inquirer, "The National Constitution Center has established itself as one of the city's cultural celebs, attracting a million visitors a year, putting pizzazz into civic and educational offerings, hosting blockbuster exhibitions, and attracting the nation's intellectual cognoscenti and media elite like bears to honey."[17]​

Gallery[editar]

See also[editar]

  • Philadelphia Liberty Medal – An annual award administered by the Center
  • Constitution Day (United States)
  • Independence National Historical Park
  • Founding Fathers of the United States
  • Landmark Cases: Historic Supreme Court Decisions, 2015 TV series

References[editar]

  1. ↑ «TRAVEL ADVISORY; Constitution Center To Open in Philadelphia – New York Times». The New York Times. 22 June 2003. Consultado el 28 March 2013. 
  2. ↑ «Independence Visitor Center». Consultado el 9 August 2013. 
  3. ↑ «The Constitutional Walking Tour of Philadelphia». Consultado el 28 March 2013. 
  4. ↑ «Summary of INHP and Independence Mall Evolution». Archivado desde el original el 28 de noviembre de 2012. Consultado el 28 March 2013.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
  5. ↑ «H.R. 1939 (100th): Constitution Heritage Act of 1988». GovTrack. www.govtrack.us. Consultado el 26 July 2019. 
  6. ↑ «Pei Cobb Freed & Partners». Consultado el 28 March 2013. 
  7. ↑ Rybczynski, Witold (8 July 2003). «ARCHITECTURE REVIEW; More Perfect Union Of Function And Form – New York Times». The New York Times. Consultado el 28 March 2013. 
  8. ↑ McGlone, Peggy (18 March 2021). «Newseum donates its distinctive First Amendment facade to Philadelphia history center». The Washington Post. Consultado el 1 January 2022. 
  9. ↑ «President and CEO – National Constitution Center». Consultado el 6 June 2013. 
  10. ↑ «Annenberg Foundation Awards $6.4 Million to National Constitution Center PND Foundation Center». Consultado el 28 March 2013. 
  11. ↑ «Transcript: Obama and Clinton Debate – ABC News». ABC News. Consultado el 28 March 2013. 
  12. ↑ «McCain's town-hall meeting at Constitution Center 6abc.com». Consultado el 28 March 2013. 
  13. ↑ O'Toole, James. «Santorum on the attack in final debate with Casey». Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Archivado desde el original el 26 de enero de 2022. Consultado el 6 de mayo de 2023. 
  14. ↑ «THE LIBERTY MEDAL». Consultado el 28 March 2013. 
  15. ↑ «George F. Will – Sense From the Hall of Framers». The Washington Post. 14 August 2005. Consultado el 28 March 2013. 
  16. ↑ «Constitutional Lessons, Old and New, on Display». The New York Times. Consultado el 28 March 2013. 
  17. ↑ «Philadelphia does history right So far, so good for the National Constitution Center. - Philly.com». Consultado el 28 March 2013. 

External links[editar]

[[Categoría:Museos inaugurados en 2004]] [[Categoría:Constitución de Estados Unidos]] [[Categoría:Wikipedia:Artículos con coordenadas en Wikidata]]

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