Tratado de Niš (1923)

El Tratado de Niš (en búlgaro: Нишка спогодба; en serbio: Нишки споразум/Niški sporazum) fue un pacto firmado el 23 de marzo de 1923 entre el Reino de los Serbios, Croatas y Eslovenos y el de Bulgaria^[1] que obligaba a este a acabar con las operaciones de la Organización Interna Revolucionaria de Macedonia (OIRM) que se llevaban a cabo desde territorio búlgaro. Como resultado del Tratado de Neuilly-sur-Seine, Bulgaria se encontraba en una situación grave: había tenido que ceder territorio al Reino de los Serbios, Croatas y Eslovenos, a Grecia y a Rumanía, que limitar el ejército a veinte mil soldados y que acceder a pagar onerosas indemnizaciones bélicas a estos países. El tratado fue un intento de normalizar las relaciones entre Bulgaria y el Reino de los Serbios, Croatas y Eslovenos y obtener el apoyo de este a las reclamaciones búlgaras de Tracia occidental y la Dobruya meridional, pero la debilidad búlgara permitió a los yugoslavos limitar las negociaciones a cuestiones técnicas y a la lucha contra el OIRM.

Tratado

El contenido del tratado se negoció en Niš entre el 1 y 17 de marzo de 1923.^[2] Una filtración permitió al OIRM enterarse de las conversaciones bilaterales.^[3] El tratado lo firmó Alejandro Stamboliski en nombre del Reino de Bulgaria, que se comprometió a acabar con las operaciones que la OIRM llevaba a cabo desde territorio búlgaro.^[4]

El tratado se hizo público el 7 de mayo de 1923 por orden del Consejo de Ministros de Bulgaria.^[5]

Consecuencias

La OIRM había tomado medidas basándose en la información que se había filtrado durante la Conferencia de Niš, en la circular secreta 384; se creó una segunda organización subsidiaria en los distritos fronterizos con Macedonia. El plan del Comité Central era trasladar la organización subsidiaria y a sus miembros fuera de Bulgaria y así preservar la organización en caso de que el gobierno búlgaro tomara medidas represivas.^[6] Tres días después de que terminara la conferencia en Niš, Todor Aleksandrov tomó nuevas precauciones y preparó la documentación para crear una nueva estructura secreta llamada Organización Ferroviaria Secreta (OFS), otra organización subsidiaria de la OIRM.^[7]

La OIRM tuvo un papel destacado en el asesinato de Aleksandar Stamboliyski, al que culpaba por haber firmado el Tratado de Niš.^[8] Los asesinos también le cortaron la mano como gesto de repudio a la firma del tratado.^[9]

Referencias

↑ Lampe, John R. (2000) [1996], Yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country (II edición), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 156, ISBN 0-521-77357-1, «Treaty of Niš signed in 1923» .
↑ Grebenarov, Alexandar (1999). «Todor Alexandrov and the railroad secret organization». the Macedonian Review quarterly. Archivado desde el original el 14 de marzo de 2011. Consultado el 14 de marzo de 2011. «The conference in Nish opened on March 1, 1923. On March 14, 1923, three days before the closing of the conference,».
↑ Grebenarov, Alexandar (1999). «Todor Alexandrov and the railroad secret organization». the Macedonian Review quarterly. Archivado desde el original el 14 de marzo de 2011. Consultado el 14 de marzo de 2011. «there is a "leak" of information which becomes known to the revolutionary leaders during the very conference in Nish».
↑ Roberts, Priscilla Mary (2005). World War One. ABC-CLIO. p. 1721. ISBN 1-85109-879-8. «On 23 March 1923 Stamboliyski signed the convention of Nish with the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia). With this agreement, Stamboliyski promised to suppress the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), which was then carrying out operations against Yugoslavia from Bulgarian territory. IMRO members, as well as other opponents of Stamboliyski's foreign and domestic policies, murdered him on 14 June 1923 at his farm in Slavovitsa, cutting off the hand that signed the Nish treaty.»
↑ Grebenarov, Alexandar (1999). «Todor Alexandrov and the railroad secret organization». the Macedonian Review quarterly. Archivado desde el original el 14 de marzo de 2011. Consultado el 14 de marzo de 2011. «The decisions of the conference become known to the public only after the Ordinance №44 of the Council of Ministers from May 7, 1923.»
↑ Grebenarov, Alexandar (1999). «Todor Alexandrov and the railroad secret organization». the Macedonian Review quarterly. Archivado desde el original el 14 de marzo de 2011. Consultado el 14 de marzo de 2011. «there is a "leak" of information ... during the very conference in Nish. This alarming news compels the leaders to undertake immediate measures to preserve IMRO and its bases in the country. On March 14, 1923, three days before the closing of the conference, T. Alexandrov sends a secret circular letter № 384 to the commanders of the border revolutionary districts in Macedonia. They are informed that in connection with the new situation the Central Committee is planning to create a second subsidiary organization whose area of action will be the border region with Macedonia. ... to move away and thus to preserve the bases and the members of IMRO in case of measures of repression undertaken by the government ...»
↑ Grebenarov, Alexandar (1999). «Todor Alexandrov and the railroad secret organization». the Macedonian Review quarterly. Archivado desde el original el 14 de marzo de 2011. Consultado el 14 de marzo de 2011. «after the end of the conference in Nish. Three days later ... To this end he prepares the constitutive documents to a new conspiratorial structure called Railway Secret Organization(RSO)... the new subsidiary organization of IMRO.»
↑ Lampe, John R. (2000) [1996], Yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country (II edición), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 156, ISBN 0-521-77357-1, «The prominent VMRO role in assassinating him shortly thereafter, precisely of that signature» .
↑ Roberts, Priscilla Mary (2005). World War One. ABC-CLIO. p. 1721. ISBN 1-85109-879-8. «IMRO members as well as other opponents of Stamboliyski's foreign and domestic policies murdered him... cutting off the hand that signed the Niš Treaty.»

Enlaces externos

Esta obra contiene una traducción derivada de «Treaty of Niš (1923)» de Wikipedia en inglés, concretamente de esta versión, publicada por sus editores bajo la Licencia de documentación libre de GNU y la Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional.

Datos: Q860898

[1] Lampe, John R. (2000) [1996], Yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country (II edición), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 156, ISBN 0-521-77357-1, «Treaty of Niš signed in 1923» .

[2] Grebenarov, Alexandar (1999). «Todor Alexandrov and the railroad secret organization». the Macedonian Review quarterly. Archivado desde el original el 14 de marzo de 2011. Consultado el 14 de marzo de 2011. «The conference in Nish opened on March 1, 1923. On March 14, 1923, three days before the closing of the conference,».

[3] Grebenarov, Alexandar (1999). «Todor Alexandrov and the railroad secret organization». the Macedonian Review quarterly. Archivado desde el original el 14 de marzo de 2011. Consultado el 14 de marzo de 2011. «there is a "leak" of information which becomes known to the revolutionary leaders during the very conference in Nish».

[4] Roberts, Priscilla Mary (2005). World War One. ABC-CLIO. p. 1721. ISBN 1-85109-879-8. «On 23 March 1923 Stamboliyski signed the convention of Nish with the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia). With this agreement, Stamboliyski promised to suppress the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), which was then carrying out operations against Yugoslavia from Bulgarian territory. IMRO members, as well as other opponents of Stamboliyski's foreign and domestic policies, murdered him on 14 June 1923 at his farm in Slavovitsa, cutting off the hand that signed the Nish treaty.»

[5] Grebenarov, Alexandar (1999). «Todor Alexandrov and the railroad secret organization». the Macedonian Review quarterly. Archivado desde el original el 14 de marzo de 2011. Consultado el 14 de marzo de 2011. «The decisions of the conference become known to the public only after the Ordinance №44 of the Council of Ministers from May 7, 1923.»

[6] Grebenarov, Alexandar (1999). «Todor Alexandrov and the railroad secret organization». the Macedonian Review quarterly. Archivado desde el original el 14 de marzo de 2011. Consultado el 14 de marzo de 2011. «there is a "leak" of information ... during the very conference in Nish. This alarming news compels the leaders to undertake immediate measures to preserve IMRO and its bases in the country. On March 14, 1923, three days before the closing of the conference, T. Alexandrov sends a secret circular letter № 384 to the commanders of the border revolutionary districts in Macedonia. They are informed that in connection with the new situation the Central Committee is planning to create a second subsidiary organization whose area of action will be the border region with Macedonia. ... to move away and thus to preserve the bases and the members of IMRO in case of measures of repression undertaken by the government ...»

[7] Grebenarov, Alexandar (1999). «Todor Alexandrov and the railroad secret organization». the Macedonian Review quarterly. Archivado desde el original el 14 de marzo de 2011. Consultado el 14 de marzo de 2011. «after the end of the conference in Nish. Three days later ... To this end he prepares the constitutive documents to a new conspiratorial structure called Railway Secret Organization(RSO)... the new subsidiary organization of IMRO.»

[8] Lampe, John R. (2000) [1996], Yugoslavia as history: twice there was a country (II edición), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 156, ISBN 0-521-77357-1, «The prominent VMRO role in assassinating him shortly thereafter, precisely of that signature» .

[9] Roberts, Priscilla Mary (2005). World War One. ABC-CLIO. p. 1721. ISBN 1-85109-879-8. «IMRO members as well as other opponents of Stamboliyski's foreign and domestic policies murdered him... cutting off the hand that signed the Niš Treaty.»

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