Demografía de Islandia
Este artículo describe las características de la demografía de Islandia
Población
[editar]Al 2020, Islandia tiene una población aproximada de 364000 habitantes, de los cuales un 23.7%, aproximadamente 86000, son de origen extranjero.[1] Tiene la densidad poblacional más baja a nivel del continente Europeo.
La población del país está distribuida básicamente en la costa más meridional de la isla. El suroeste es la región más densamente poblada, donde el clima oceánico es más benigno a causa de la influencia directa de la corriente del Golfo.
El centro y norte están prácticamente deshabitados a consecuencia de la aridez de tierras habitualmente cubiertas de hielo y un clima subártico más riguroso, particularmente durante el crudo invierno.
Composición demográfica
[editar]
La mayoría de los islandeses son descendientes de colonos noruegos y celtas de Irlanda y Escocia, quienes fueron traídos como esclavos durante la época de la colonización.
Recientes análisis de ADN sugieren que alrededor del 66 por ciento de la población de colonos de sexo masculino era de ascendencia nórdica, mientras que la población femenina era del 60 por ciento celta.[2]
Sin embargo, la población islandesa hoy es notablemente homogénea. De acuerdo con estadísticas del gobierno de Islandia, el 99% de los habitantes del país viven en zonas urbanas (localidades con una población superior a 200) y el 60% vive en la zona metropolitana de la capital Reikiavik.
Religión
[editar]Alrededor del 74% de la población pertenece a la Iglesia del Estado, la Iglesia Evangélica Luterana, u otras iglesias luteranas. Sin embargo, Islandia tiene completa libertad religiosa, y están presentes otras congregaciones protestantes y católicas, como la Iglesia Libre de Reikiavik 2,4%, o la Iglesia Libre de Hafnarfjorour 1,6%, junto con las pequeñas comunidades de las grandes religiones del mundo.
La nueva comunidad religiosa más notable en Islandia, y en 2003 era una de la más rápido crecimiento, es la Ásatrúarfélagið, un renacimiento legalmente reconocido de la religión precristiana de Islandia.
Idioma
[editar]De las lenguas germánicas del Norte, la lengua islandesa es la que está más cerca del lenguaje nórdico antiguo y se ha mantenido relativamente sin cambios desde el siglo 12, siendo una de las más complejas de aprendizaje.
Inmigración
[editar]La mayoría de inmigrantes provienen de Polonia, Lituania Y Dinamarca. El mayor grupo latinoamericano son los colombianos con 127 residentes.
| País | 2010 | 2019 |
|---|---|---|
  Polonia |
10,088 | 19,210 |
 Dinamarca |
3,236 | 3,891 |
 Lituania |
1,442 | 2,906 |
 Estados Unidos |
1,849 | 2,386 |
 Suecia |
1,846 | 2,161 |
 Filipinas |
1,407 | 2,094 |
 Alemania |
1,697 | 1,969 |
 Letonia |
641 | 1,762 |
.svg){kind=small} Reino Unido |
1,095 | 1,702 |
 Rumania |
205 | 1,536 |
 Tailandia |
1,062 | 1,375 |
 Noruega |
987 | 1,275 |
 Portugal |
607 | 993 |
 España |
288 | 909 |
 Vietnam |
479 | 840 |
.svg){kind=small} Francia |
444 | 835 |
 República Checa |
152 | 744 |
 China |
481 | 686 |
 Croacia |
148 | 657 |
 Italia |
217 | 482 |
 Eslovaquia |
228 | 475 |
 Bulgaria |
135 | 473 |
 Serbia |
312 | 468 |
 Hungría |
153 | 464 |
 Rusia |
294 | 452 |
 Ucrania |
206 | 402 |
 Países Bajos |
298 | 375 |
 India |
274 | 357 |
 Canadá |
229 | 337 |
| Otros | 4,284 | 9,185 |
| Población inmigrante total | 35,117 | 61,401 |
Debido a la escasez de mano de obra,[3] la inmigración a Islandia probablemente aumentará en el futuro.[4] Las estimaciones muestran que el número de inmigrantes podría llegar al 15% de la población total para 2030.[4]
Etnias
[editar]Grupos étnicos: una mezcla homogénea de descendientes de noruegos y celtas 94%, población de origen extranjero: 6%.
Estadísticas vitales
[editar]Acuerdo a los datos de Statistics Iceland, que recoge todos los datos oficiales de Islandia.[5]
| Año | Población | Nacidos vivos | Muertes | Cambio natural | Crude birth rate (per 1000) |
Crude death rate (per 1000) |
Cambio natural (por 1000) | Total fertility rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 78,000 | 2,237 | 1,545 | 692 | 28.6 | 19.8 | 8.9 | 3.93 |
| 1901 | 78,000 | 2,179 | 1,155 | 1,024 | 27.8 | 14.7 | 13.1 | 3.86 |
| 1902 | 79,000 | 2,220 | 1,262 | 958 | 28.1 | 16.0 | 12.1 | 3.95 |
| 1903 | 79,000 | 2,244 | 1,324 | 920 | 28.3 | 16.7 | 11.6 | 4.00 |
| 1904 | 80,000 | 2,293 | 1,242 | 1,051 | 28.7 | 15.5 | 13.2 | 4.09 |
| 1905 | 81,000 | 2,271 | 1,435 | 836 | 28.1 | 17.8 | 10.4 | 4.02 |
| 1906 | 82,000 | 2,346 | 1,193 | 1,153 | 28.8 | 14.6 | 14.2 | 4.14 |
| 1907 | 83,000 | 2,304 | 1,396 | 908 | 27.9 | 16.9 | 11.0 | 4.04 |
| 1908 | 83,000 | 2,270 | 1,594 | 676 | 27.3 | 19.1 | 8.2 | 4.01 |
| 1909 | 84,000 | 2,283 | 1,263 | 1,020 | 27.2 | 15.0 | 12.2 | 4.00 |
| 1910 | 85,000 | 2,171 | 1,304 | 867 | 25.6 | 15.4 | 10.2 | 3.79 |
| 1911 | 85,000 | 2,205 | 1,152 | 1,053 | 25.8 | 13.5 | 12.3 | 3.80 |
| 1912 | 86,000 | 2,234 | 1,171 | 1,063 | 26.0 | 13.6 | 12.4 | 3.82 |
| 1913 | 87,000 | 2,216 | 1,060 | 1,156 | 25.6 | 12.2 | 13.4 | 3.76 |
| 1914 | 88,000 | 2,338 | 1,428 | 910 | 26.7 | 16.3 | 10.4 | 3.90 |
| 1915 | 89,000 | 2,446 | 1,376 | 1,070 | 27.6 | 15.5 | 12.1 | 4.00 |
| 1916 | 89,000 | 2,377 | 1,322 | 1,055 | 26.6 | 14.8 | 11.8 | 3.81 |
| 1917 | 91,000 | 2,427 | 1,111 | 1,316 | 26.8 | 12.3 | 14.5 | 3.82 |
| 1918 | 92,000 | 2,441 | 1,518 | 923 | 26.6 | 16.6 | 10.1 | 3.78 |
| 1919 | 92,000 | 2,342 | 1,169 | 1,173 | 25.4 | 12.7 | 12.7 | 3.62 |
| 1920 | 94,000 | 2,627 | 1,360 | 1,267 | 28.1 | 14.5 | 13.6 | 3.96 |
| 1921 | 95,000 | 2,601 | 1,478 | 1,123 | 27.4 | 15.6 | 11.8 | 3.87 |
| 1922 | 96,000 | 2,546 | 1,280 | 1,266 | 26.6 | 13.4 | 13.2 | 3.72 |
| 1923 | 97,000 | 2,612 | 1,287 | 1,325 | 26.9 | 13.3 | 13.7 | 3.77 |
| 1924 | 98,000 | 2,525 | 1,462 | 1,063 | 25.7 | 14.9 | 10.8 | 3.62 |
| 1925 | 99,000 | 2,554 | 1,229 | 1,325 | 25.7 | 12.4 | 13.3 | 3.59 |
| 1926 | 101,000 | 2,676 | 1,121 | 1,555 | 26.5 | 11.1 | 15.4 | 3.71 |
| 1927 | 103,000 | 2,642 | 1,282 | 1,360 | 25.8 | 12.5 | 13.3 | 3.59 |
| 1928 | 104,000 | 2,542 | 1,124 | 1,418 | 24.4 | 10.8 | 13.6 | 3.40 |
| 1929 | 106,000 | 2,644 | 1,237 | 1,407 | 25.0 | 11.7 | 13.3 | 3.47 |
| 1930 | 107,000 | 2,808 | 1,248 | 1,560 | 26.1 | 11.6 | 14.5 | 3.59 |
| 1931 | 109,000 | 2,804 | 1,277 | 1,527 | 25.7 | 11.7 | 14.0 | 3.53 |
| 1932 | 111,000 | 2,696 | 1,191 | 1,505 | 24.4 | 10.8 | 13.6 | 3.31 |
| 1933 | 112,000 | 2,531 | 1,159 | 1,372 | 22.5 | 10.3 | 12.2 | 3.07 |
| 1934 | 114,000 | 2,597 | 1,181 | 1,416 | 22.8 | 10.4 | 12.4 | 3.10 |
| 1935 | 115,000 | 2,551 | 1,402 | 1,149 | 22.1 | 12.2 | 10.0 | 2.99 |
| 1936 | 116,000 | 2,557 | 1,253 | 1,304 | 22.0 | 10.8 | 11.2 | 2.98 |
| 1937 | 117,000 | 2,397 | 1,317 | 1,080 | 20.4 | 11.2 | 9.2 | 2.78 |
| 1938 | 118,000 | 2,374 | 1,207 | 1,167 | 20.1 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 2.71 |
| 1939 | 120,000 | 2,363 | 1,160 | 1,203 | 19.8 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 2.68 |
| 1940 | 121,000 | 2,480 | 1,200 | 1,280 | 20.5 | 9.9 | 10.6 | 2.75 |
| 1941 | 122,000 | 2,634 | 1,352 | 1,282 | 21.6 | 11.1 | 10.5 | 2.91 |
| 1942 | 123,000 | 3,005 | 1,293 | 1,712 | 24.4 | 10.5 | 13.9 | 3.26 |
| 1943 | 125,000 | 3,173 | 1,268 | 1,905 | 25.4 | 10.1 | 15.2 | 3.36 |
| 1944 | 127,000 | 3,213 | 1,218 | 1,995 | 25.3 | 9.6 | 15.7 | 3.34 |
| 1945 | 129,000 | 3,434 | 1,179 | 2,255 | 26.6 | 9.1 | 17.5 | 3.55 |
| 1946 | 132,000 | 3,434 | 1,121 | 2,313 | 26.1 | 8.5 | 17.6 | 3.47 |
| 1947 | 134,000 | 3,706 | 1,162 | 2,544 | 27.6 | 8.6 | 18.9 | 3.67 |
| 1948 | 137,000 | 3,821 | 1,114 | 2,707 | 27.8 | 8.1 | 19.7 | 3.72 |
| 1949 | 140,000 | 3,884 | 1,106 | 2,778 | 27.8 | 7.9 | 19.9 | 3.73 |
| 1950 | 143,000 | 4,093 | 1,122 | 2,971 | 28.7 | 7.9 | 20.8 | 3.86 |
| 1951 | 145,000 | 3,999 | 1,145 | 2,854 | 27.5 | 7.9 | 19.6 | 3.72 |
| 1952 | 148,000 | 4,075 | 1,082 | 2,993 | 27.5 | 7.3 | 20.2 | 3.79 |
| 1953 | 151,000 | 4,254 | 1,118 | 3,136 | 28.1 | 7.4 | 20.7 | 3.94 |
| 1954 | 154,000 | 4,281 | 1,064 | 3,217 | 27.7 | 6.9 | 20.8 | 3.91 |
| 1955 | 158,000 | 4,505 | 1,099 | 3,406 | 28.5 | 7.0 | 21.5 | 4.07 |
| 1956 | 161,000 | 4,603 | 1,153 | 3,450 | 28.5 | 7.1 | 21.4 | 4.14 |
| 1957 | 165,000 | 4,725 | 1,157 | 3,568 | 28.6 | 7.0 | 21.6 | 4.20 |
| 1958 | 168,000 | 4,641 | 1,165 | 3,476 | 27.5 | 6.9 | 20.6 | 4.09 |
| 1959 | 172,000 | 4,837 | 1,242 | 3,595 | 28.1 | 7.2 | 20.9 | 4.24 |
| 1960 | 176,000 | 4,916 | 1,167 | 3,749 | 28.0 | 6.6 | 21.4 | 4.27 |
| 1961 | 179,000 | 4,563 | 1,248 | 3,315 | 25.5 | 7.0 | 18.5 | 3.88 |
| 1962 | 182,000 | 4,711 | 1,237 | 3,474 | 25.9 | 6.8 | 19.1 | 3.98 |
| 1963 | 186,000 | 4,820 | 1,327 | 3,493 | 26.0 | 7.2 | 18.8 | 3.98 |
| 1964 | 189,000 | 4,787 | 1,315 | 3,472 | 25.3 | 7.0 | 18.3 | 3.86 |
| 1965 | 192,000 | 4,721 | 1,291 | 3,430 | 24.6 | 6.7 | 17.9 | 3.71 |
| 1966 | 196,000 | 4,692 | 1,391 | 3,301 | 24.0 | 7.1 | 16.9 | 3.58 |
| 1967 | 199,000 | 4,404 | 1,385 | 3,019 | 22.2 | 7.0 | 15.2 | 3.28 |
| 1968 | 201,000 | 4,227 | 1,390 | 2,837 | 21.0 | 6.9 | 14.1 | 3.07 |
| 1969 | 203,000 | 4,218 | 1,451 | 2,767 | 20.8 | 7.2 | 13.6 | 2.99 |
| 1970 | 204,000 | 4,023 | 1,457 | 2,566 | 19.7 | 7.1 | 12.6 | 2.81 |
| 1971 | 206,000 | 4,277 | 1,501 | 2,776 | 20.8 | 7.3 | 13.5 | 2.92 |
| 1972 | 209,000 | 4,676 | 1,447 | 3,229 | 22.3 | 6.9 | 15.4 | 3.09 |
| 1973 | 212,000 | 4,598 | 1,475 | 3,123 | 21.7 | 6.9 | 14.8 | 2.95 |
| 1974 | 215,000 | 4,276 | 1,495 | 2,781 | 19.9 | 6.9 | 13.0 | 2.66 |
| 1975 | 218,000 | 4,384 | 1,412 | 2,972 | 20.1 | 6.5 | 13.6 | 2.65 |
| 1976 | 220,000 | 4,291 | 1,343 | 2,948 | 19.5 | 6.1 | 13.4 | 2.52 |
| 1977 | 222,000 | 3,996 | 1,435 | 2,561 | 18.0 | 6.5 | 11.5 | 2.31 |
| 1978 | 224,000 | 4,162 | 1,421 | 2,741 | 18.6 | 6.4 | 12.2 | 2.35 |
| 1979 | 226,000 | 4,475 | 1,482 | 2,993 | 19.8 | 6.6 | 13.2 | 2.49 |
| 1980 | 228,000 | 4,528 | 1,538 | 2,990 | 19.8 | 6.7 | 13.1 | 2.48 |
| 1981 | 231,000 | 4,345 | 1,656 | 2,689 | 18.8 | 7.2 | 11.6 | 2.33 |
| 1982 | 234,000 | 4,337 | 1,583 | 2,754 | 18.5 | 6.8 | 11.7 | 2.26 |
| 1983 | 237,000 | 4,371 | 1,653 | 2,718 | 18.4 | 7.0 | 11.4 | 2.24 |
| 1984 | 240,000 | 4,113 | 1,584 | 2,529 | 17.2 | 6.6 | 10.6 | 2.08 |
| 1985 | 241,000 | 3,856 | 1,652 | 2,204 | 16.0 | 6.8 | 9.2 | 1.93 |
| 1986 | 243,000 | 3,881 | 1,598 | 2,283 | 16.0 | 6.6 | 9.4 | 1.93 |
| 1987 | 246,000 | 4,193 | 1,724 | 2,469 | 17.0 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 2.07 |
| 1988 | 250,000 | 4,673 | 1,818 | 2,855 | 18.7 | 7.3 | 11.4 | 2.27 |
| 1989 | 253,000 | 4,560 | 1,716 | 2,844 | 18.0 | 6.8 | 11.2 | 2.20 |
| 1990 | 255,000 | 4,768 | 1,704 | 3,064 | 18.7 | 6.7 | 12.0 | 2.31 |
| 1991 | 258,000 | 4,533 | 1,796 | 2,737 | 17.6 | 7.0 | 10.6 | 2.19 |
| 1992 | 261,000 | 4,609 | 1,719 | 2,890 | 17.7 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 2.21 |
| 1993 | 264,000 | 4,623 | 1,753 | 2,870 | 17.5 | 6.6 | 10.9 | 2.22 |
| 1994 | 266,000 | 4,442 | 1,717 | 2,725 | 16.7 | 6.4 | 10.3 | 2.14 |
| 1995 | 267,000 | 4,280 | 1,923 | 2,357 | 16.0 | 7.2 | 8.8 | 2.08 |
| 1996 | 269,000 | 4,329 | 1,879 | 2,450 | 16.1 | 7.0 | 9.1 | 2.12 |
| 1997 | 271,000 | 4,151 | 1,843 | 2,308 | 15.3 | 6.8 | 8.5 | 2.04 |
| 1998 | 274,000 | 4,178 | 1,821 | 2,357 | 15.2 | 6.7 | 8.5 | 2.05 |
| 1999 | 277,000 | 4,100 | 1,901 | 2,199 | 14.8 | 6.9 | 7.9 | 1.99 |
| 2000 | 281,000 | 4,315 | 1,828 | 2,487 | 15.3 | 6.5 | 8.8 | 2.08 |
| 2001 | 285,000 | 4,091 | 1,725 | 2,366 | 14.4 | 6.1 | 8.3 | 1.95 |
| 2002 | 288,000 | 4,049 | 1,822 | 2,227 | 14.1 | 6.3 | 7.8 | 1.93 |
| 2003 | 290,000 | 4,143 | 1,826 | 2,317 | 14.3 | 6.3 | 8.0 | 1.99 |
| 2004 | 292,000 | 4,234 | 1,824 | 2,410 | 14.5 | 6.2 | 8.3 | 2.03 |
| 2005 | 297,000 | 4,280 | 1,837 | 2,443 | 14.4 | 6.2 | 8.2 | 2.05 |
| 2006 | 304,000 | 4,415 | 1,903 | 2,512 | 14.5 | 6.3 | 8.2 | 2.07 |
| 2007 | 308,000 | 4,560 | 1,943 | 2,617 | 14.6 | 6.2 | 8.4 | 2.09 |
| 2008 | 315,000 | 4,835 | 1,987 | 2,848 | 14.2 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 2.14 |
| 2009 | 318,000 | 5,026 | 2,002 | 3,024 | 15.7 | 6.3 | 9.4 | 2.22 |
| 2010 | 318,000 | 4,907 | 2,020 | 2,887 | 15.5 | 6.4 | 9.1 | 2.20 |
| 2011 | 319,000 | 4,492 | 1,986 | 2,506 | 14.1 | 6.2 | 7.9 | 2.02 |
| 2012 | 320,000 | 4,533 | 1,955 | 2,578 | 14.2 | 6.1 | 8.1 | 2.04 |
| 2013 | 322,000 | 4,326 | 2,154 | 2,172 | 13.4 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 1.93 |
| 2014 | 326,000 | 4,375 | 2,049 | 2,326 | 13.5 | 6.3 | 7.2 | 1.93 |
| 2015 | 329,000 | 4,129 | 2,178 | 1,951 | 12.6 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 1.81 |
| 2016 | 333,000 | 4,034 | 2,309 | 1,725 | 12.1 | 6.9 | 5.2 | 1.75 |
| 2017 | 338,000 | 4,071 | 2,239 | 1,832 | 12.0 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 1.71 |
| 2018 | 348,000 | 4,228 | 2,254 | 1,974 | 12.1 | 6.4 | 5.7 | 1.71 |
| 2019 | 357,000 | 4,452 | 2,275 | 2,177 | 12.4 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 1.75 |
| 2020 | 364,000 | 4,512 | 2,301 | 2,211 | 12.5 | 6.3 | 6.2 | 1.72 |
| 2021 | 369,000 |
Referencias
[editar]- ↑ a b https://px.hagstofa.is/pxis/pxweb/is/Ibuar/Ibuar__mannfjoldi__3_bakgrunnur__Uppruni/MAN43000.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=13b11e95-8c93-4cb9-a536-3adb495bd493
- ↑ mtDNA and the Islands of the North Atlantic: Estimating the Proportions of Norse and Gaelic Ancestry, Agnar Helgason, Eileen Hickey, Sara Goodacre, Vidar Bosnes, Ka´ri Stefa´nsson, Ryk Ward, and Bryan Sykes, Am. J. Hum. Genet. 68:723–737, 2001, http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJHG/journal/issues/v68n3/002146/002146.web.pdf and mtDNA and the Origin of the Icelanders: Deciphering Signals of Recent Population History, Agnar Helgason, Sigrún Sigurðardóttir, Jeffrey R. Gulcher, Ryk Ward, and Kári Stefánsson, Am. J. Hum. Genet., 66:999-1016, 2000, http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/AJHG/journal/issues/v66n3/991226/991226.html
- ↑ «Efnahagslegt sjónarhorn á móttöku flóttamanna». Arion Banki. Archivado desde el original el 11 de marzo de 2017. Consultado el 21 de junio de 2021.
- ↑ a b «Ísland að breytast í innflytjendaþjóð». RÚV. Consultado el 10 de enero de 2016.
- ↑ «Frontpage – Hagstofa». Hagstofa.
Enlaces externos
[editar]- Iceland.org
- Statice – The National Statistical Institute of Iceland
- Perfil de Islandia en The CIA World Factbook Archivado el 18 de mayo de 2020 en Wayback Machine.
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Datos: Q2001615
Multimedia: Demographics of Iceland / Q2001615