Ir al contenido

Diferencia entre revisiones de «Gaman»

De Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre
Ir a siguiente diferencia →
Contenido eliminado Contenido añadido
VisualWikitexto
Traducido de en:Gaman (term), exactamente de la versión https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaman_(term)&oldid=678204057, bajo licencia GFDL y CC-BY-SA 3.0
(Sin diferencias)

Revisión del 08:54 2 abr 2016

Este artículo o sección se está traduciendo desde otro idioma. Por esta razón, puede haber lagunas de contenidos, errores sintácticos o escritos sin traducir. Puedes colaborar con Wikipedia continuando con la traducción desde el artículo original.

Gaman (我慢?) es una palabra japonesa con origen en el budismo zen que significa "soportar lo aparentemente insoportable con paciencia y dignidad".[1]​ El término se traduce generalmente como "perseverancia", "paciencia", tolerancia, o "autonegación".[2]​ Un término relacionado, gamanzuyoi (我慢強い gaman-tsuyoi?), combinado con tsuyoi (fuerza), significa "sufrir lo insufrible", o tener una gran capacidad de "aguante estoico".[3]​

Gaman se describe de diversas maneras como una "ley",[4]​ una "virtud,"[5]​ un "ethos,"[6]​ un "rasgo",[7]​ etc. Significa hacerlo lo mejor que uno pueda en tiempos de aflicción y mantener el autocontrol y la disciplina.[8]​[9]​[10]​[11]​[12]​

El Gaman es una enseñanza del budismo zen.[13]​

Análisis

El gaman ha sido atribuído a los estadounidenses de origen japonés recluidos en has been attributed to the Japanese-Americans and others held in Campos de concentración para japoneses en los Estados Unidos durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial[14]​ y a los damnificados por el terremoto y tsunami de Japón de 2011 en el norte de Japón.[15]​ In the internment camps, el gaman fue malinterpretado por no japoneses como un comportamiento introvertido, o como una falta de asertividad o iniciativa más que como una demostración de fuerza frente a la dificultad o el sufrimiento.[16]​

Después del terremoto y tsunami de Japón de 2011, la resiliencia, el civismo, la ausencia de saqueos, y la capacidad de los japoneses para ayudarse los unos a los otros, fue ampliamente atribuída al espíritu del gaman.[11]​ Los 50–70 trabajadores que permanecieron, a pesar del grave peligro, en la central nuclear de Fukushima, dañada y llena de radiactividad, demostraron el gaman también.[17]​

Gaman is also used in psicoanálisis studies[18]​ and to describe the attitudes of the Japanese. It is often taught to youth and largely used by older Japanese generations. Mostrar gaman es visto como un signo de madurez y fuerza. Keeping your private affairs, problems and complaints silent demonstrates strength and politeness as others have seemingly larger problems as well. If a person with gaman were to receive help from someone else, they would be compliant; not asking for any additional help and voicing no concerns.[19]​

Véase también

Notas

  1. ↑ Smithsonian, "The Art of Gaman", "Arts and Crafts from the Japanese American Internment Camps, 1942-1946"
  2. ↑ WWWJDIC
  3. ↑ DeMente, Boye. (2003). Japan's Cultural Code Words: 233 Key Terms that Explain the Attitudes and Behavior of the Japanese, pp. 74-75., p. 74, en Google Libros
  4. ↑ "Crushed, but true to law of gaman," The Australian (Australia), 16 March 2011; headline excerpt, "...true to law of gaman"
  5. ↑ "Japanese resilience shines in light of tragedy,"CTV Ottawa (Canada), 19 March 2011; excerpt, "... "it can't be helped," as well as the virtue "gaman" which defies easy translation, ... "
  6. ↑ Arnold, Wayne. "Enduring the unendurable," Business Standard (India). 15 March 2011; excerpt, "Experience with crises has shaped the Japanese ethos of "gaman" — "enduring the unendurable". Even after the March 11 disaster ...."
  7. ↑ Jones, Clayton. "A nuclear meltdown in Japan? Not if these brave workers can help it," Christian Science Monitor(US). March 15, 2011; excerpt, "One noble trait that the Japanese admire is gaman. It is their word for the ability to persevere, endure, and overcome, with patience .... Japan may remember them for their gaman despite personal exposure to dangerous levels of radiation.
  8. ↑ Shibusawa, T.: Japanese American Elders In: Kolb, Patricia J. (Ed.) (2007). Social Work Practice with Ethnically and Racially Diverse Nursing Home Residents and Their Families, p. 146., p. 146, en Google Libros
  9. ↑ Burns, Catherine. (2004). Sexual violence and the law in Japan, p. 51., p. 51, en Google Libros
  10. ↑ "A nuclear meltdown in Japan? Not if these brave workers can help it," Christian Science Monitor(US). March 15, 2011; retrieved 18 March 2011; Arnold, Wayne. "Enduring the unendurable,"Business Standard (India), 15 March 2011; retrieved 18 March 2011
  11. ↑ a b "U.S. troops exposed to radiation," Detroit Free Press (US), March 16, 2011; retrieved 18 March 2011; Lloyd, Mike. "Japanese remain calm while dealing with quake aftermath," National Post (Canada). 16 March 2011; retrieved 18 March 2011
  12. ↑ "Japan as nuclear crisis worsens," USA Today (US). March 17, 2011; retrieved 28 March 2011
  13. ↑ West, Mark I. (2009). The Japanification of Children's Popular Culture: from Godzilla to Miyazaki, p. 4., p. 4, en Google Libros
  14. ↑ Japanese National American Museum, "The Art of Gaman: Enduring the Seemingly Unbearable with Patience and Dignity," March 2010; retrieved 18 March 2011; "Art by Japanese-American Detainees During World War Two Shows Their Struggle and Humanity," VOA News (US). May 18, 2010; retrieved 18 March 2011
  15. ↑ Köhler, Nicholas and Nancy Macdonald with Jason Kirby. "Why the world is wrong to count Japan out," Maclean's (Canada). March 25, 2011.
  16. ↑ Niiya, Brian. (1993). Japanese American History: An A-to-Z Reference from 1868 to the Present, p. 143., p. 143, en Google Libros, citing Betty Furuta, (1981). "Ethnic Identities of Japanese-American Families: Implications for Counseling," in Understanding the Family: Stress and Change in American Family Life (Cathleen Gerry and Winnifred Humphreys, eds.), pp. 200-231, 212.
  17. ↑ Mateo, Ibarra C. "Japanese show power of patience, stoic discipline amid triple crises," Philippine Daily Inquirer, 27 March 2011; excerpt, "Fueled by gaman ..., the workers did not abandon their posts even if it seemed suicidal to go on. They showed another Japanese trait: putting first their country, community and group over their individual concerns."
  18. ↑ Johnson, Frank A. (1995) Dependency and Japanese Socialization, p. 181., p. 181, en Google Libros
  19. ↑ Burns, p. 51., p. 51, en Google Libros; Kolb, p. 146., p. 146, en Google Libros

Referencias

  • Burns, Catherine (2004). Sexual Violence and the Law in Japan. New York: RoutledgeCurzon. ISBN 0-415-33651-1.
  • Hirasuna, Delphine and Kit Hinrichs. (2005). The Art of Gaman: Arts and Crafts from the Japanese American Internment Camps, 1942-1946. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 9781580086899; OCLC 494064406
  • Johnson, Frank A. (1995). Dependency and Japanese Socialization. New York: NYU Press. pp. 181. ISBN 978-0-8147-4222-8.
  • Kolb, Patricia J. (2007). Social Work Practice with Ethnically and Racially Diverse Nursing Home Residents and their Families. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-12533-8.
  • Niiya, Brian. (1993). Japanese American History: An A-to-Z Reference from 1868 to the Present. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 9780816026807; OCLC 26853950
  • West, Mark I. (2009). The Japanification of Children's Popular Culture: from Godzilla to Miyazaki. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810851214; OCLC 232786129

Lectura adicional

Enlaces externos

Obtenido de «https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaman&oldid=90203354»