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LaIglesia Memorial de Malbis, formalmente conocida como Monasterio Sagrado Patriarcal y Stavropegial de la Presentación de Theotokos, es una Iglesia Ortodoxa de Grecia ubicada en Malbis, Baldwin County, Alabama. Aunque no es parte de la Arquidiócesis Griega Ortodoxa de América , es una de las sólo seis Iglesias Griegas Ortodoxas en el estado de Alabama. Es conocida por sus intricados y extensos mosaicos y pinturas. El servicio inicial de la iglesia fue ofrecido el 3 de enero de 1965 por el Arzobispo de América Iakovos.[1][2] It has never had an active congregation, but religious observances, special services, and events, such as weddings, do take place.[3] It was listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on November 30, 1977. The Malbis Plantation Historic District, which includes the church, was designated by the Alabama Historical Commission in 2008, a year that also saw the death of the last of Malbis Plantation's original Greek settlers.[3][4]
History[editar]
The history of the church at Malbis begins with the foundation of Malbis Plantation by Jason Malbis, a Greek immigrant. Born Antonios Markopoulos in the settlement of Doumena, he spent the first half of his life in a monastery. He initially emigrated to Chicago around 1900. He changed his name to Malbis while there and then, along with one of his friends, William Papageorge, he traveled around the country in search of a place to establish a Greek community. They purchased 120 acres (48,6 ha) near Daphne, Alabama in 1906 at $5 per acre, this formed the nucleus of Malbis Plantation.[5]
Other Greek families then joined the monk and Papageorge and began building the plantation in the thickly wooded and unsettled area, with an additional 600 acres (242,8 ha) purchased in 1909. The population had grown to 85 by 1920. The group was self-sufficient, farming the land. They eventually had their own power plant, dairy, cannery, bank, garage, nursery, timber company, motel, a bakery in nearby Mobile, and more than 10 000 acres (4046,9 ha) of property.[1][6]
Malbis died while on a trip to Greece in 1942. He had left written instructions for his survivors to "build a Greek Orthodox church for me in Malbis."[1] The community accomplished this in 1965, with the construction of the church financed through the sale of the plantation's bakery on Broad Street in Mobile by the Malbis Plantation president of that era, Sam George Papas.[4] The remains of Jason Malbis were then interred in a crypt within the church, to the right of the iconostasis.[1][2]
Architecture[editar]
The Byzantine Revival church was designed by the architectural firm of Frederick C. Woods and Associates in Mobile. Built of brick, limestone, and marble, its plan was inspired by the Church of Ayia Paraskevi in Athens. The structure is cruciform in plan.[3] Domed towers flank the western entrance facade, which features a stone arcade. This porch contains three sets of entrance doors topped by arched mosaics of Theotokos (Mary), Jesus, and Saint Paul. The arcade is surmounted by arched windows and mosaic panels depicting Saints John, Luke, Mark, and Matthew. This is crowned by a pediment covered in a mosaic depicting the Dove of Peace. All exterior mosaics were created by Italian artist Sirio Tonelli. They were executed in Tonelli's workshop in Pietrasanta and then shipped to Malbis for installation.[7]
Almost every available surface in the interior of the church is covered with hand-painted iconography. This work was done by a Greek iconographer, Spyros Tziouvaras, and two assistants, Haralambos Tziouvaras and Chris Tziouvaras. The dome above the transept is notable for a painting of the Pantocrator (The Almighty), which was painted by the Tziouvaras team while lying on a scaffold 75 pies (22,9 m) from the floor. The nave is supported by Corinthian columns and pilasters of red marble. The iconostasis, bishop's throne, and pulpit are carved white Pentelic marble.[7]
In 1979, Hurricane Frederick damaged much of the elaborate interior iconography, especially that in the dome. After a series of failed restorations, Mobile-area artist David Riall was hired to restore the church, using research and experimentation to indistinguishably match the Tziouvaras's original work.[8]
References[editar]
- ↑ a b c d The Faith of Jason Malbis : founder of Malbis Plantation. Daphne, Alabama: Malbis Plantation. 1967. pp. 1-40.
- ↑ a b http://www.preserveala.org/pdfs/Malbis%20Plantation%20Historic%20District%20Press%20Release.pdf (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última).
- ↑ a b Henderson, Russ (12 de septiembre de 2008). «The last of Malbis' original settlers dies». Press Register (Mobile, Alabama). Press Register. Consultado el 28 de noviembre de 2009.
- ↑ «Jason Malbis, 1942». Baldwin County Express. Consultado el 27 de noviembre de 2009.
- ↑ «Malbis Greek Orthodox Church». Baldwin County Express. Consultado el 27 de noviembre de 2009.
- ↑ a b «Malbis Plantation Greek Orthodox Church». Mosaic Tile Design: Mosaics for Architecture & Fun. Consultado el 27 de noviembre de 2009.
- ↑ «Mural Restoration, Malbis Greek Orthodox Church». Consultado el 28 de noviembre de 2012.
External links[editar]
Trailer for documentary film on Malbis Plantation.
[[Category:Greek Orthodox churches in Alabama] [[Category:Religious buildings completed in 1965] [[Category:20th-century Eastern Orthodox church buildings] [[Category:Properties on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage] [[Category:Byzantine Revival architecture in Alabama] [[Category:Churches in Baldwin County, Alabama] [[Category:Visitor attractions in Baldwin County, Alabama]