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[[File:Tributyltin.png|thumb|left| Tributyltin (TBT) hydride model]]
[[File:Tributyltin.png|thumb|left| Tributyltin (TBT) hydride model]]


Antes se creía que el único inductor del imposex era [[tributyltin]] (TBT),<ref>Ruiz JM, Quintela M, Barreiro R (1998) [http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/170/m170p293.pdf Tributyltin and imposex. no uncertainty shown.] ''Mar Ecol Prog Ser'' '''170''': 293-294
se cree que el único inductor de Imposex es el óxido de tributilo de estaño (TBT)<ref>Ruiz JM, Quintela M, Barreiro R (1998) [http://www.int-res.com/articles/meps/170/m170p293.pdf Tributyltin and imposex. no uncertainty shown.] ''Mar Ecol Prog Ser'' '''170''': 293-294</ref> el cual puede ser activado en concentraciones muy bajas aunque recientes estudios han incluido a otras sustancias como inductoras como el y [[triphenyltin]]<ref name="Hori">{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/0025-326X(95)00133-8|last=Horiguchi|first=T.|coauthors=''et al''|year=1995|title=Imposex in Japanese gastropods (Neogastropoda and Mesogastropoda): effects of tributyltin and triphenyltin from anti-fouling paints|journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin|publisher=Oxford|volume=31|pages=402–405|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6N-404RMY0-18&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1026249491&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=637bfa79b5ab2d19394e2b32d38a4ef7|issue=4–12}}</ref>[[etanol]].<ref name="Davies">{{cite journal|doi=10.3354/meps158191|last=Davies|first=I. M.|coauthors=''et al''|year=1997|title=Sublethal effects of tributyltin oxide on thedog whelk ''Nucella lapillus''|journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series|volume=158|pages=191–204}}</ref>.
el óxido de tributilo es un agente antiincrustante para barcos que afecta a las hembras de las especies''[[Nucella lapillus]]'' ([[dog whelk]]), ''[[Voluta ebraea]]'' (the Hebrew volute),<ref name="Castro">{{cite journal|last=Castro|first=Í. B.|coauthors=''et al''.|year=2008|title=Imposex in endemic volutid from Northeast Brazil (Mollusca: Gastropoda)|journal=Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology|location=Brazil|volume=51|issue=5|pages=1065–1069|issn=1516-8913|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/babt/v51n5/a24v51n5.pdf}}</ref> ''[[Olivancillaria vesica]]'',<ref name="Caetano">{{cite journal|last=Caetano|first=C. H. S.|coauthors=Absalão, R. S.|year=2002|title=Imposex in ''Olivancillaria vesica vesica'' (Gmelin) (Gastropoda, Olividae) trom a Southeastern Brazilian sandy beach|journal=Revista Brasileira de Zoologia|publisher=Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia|location=Brazil|volume=19|issue=2|pages=215–218|issn=0101-8175|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbzool/v19s2/v19supl2a22.pdf|doi=10.1590/S0101-81752002000600022}}</ref> ''[[Stramonita haemastoma]]''<ref name="Fernandez">{{cite journal|last=Fernandez|first=M. A.|coauthors=''et al''|year=2002|title=Occurrence of imposex in ''Thais haemastoma'':
</ref> which can be active in extremely low concentrations, pero estudios recientes muestran que hay otras sustancias inductoras como, [[triphenyltin]]<ref name="Hori">{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/0025-326X(95)00133-8|last=Horiguchi|first=T.|coauthors=''et al''|year=1995|title=Imposex in Japanese gastropods (Neogastropoda and Mesogastropoda): effects of tributyltin and triphenyltin from anti-fouling paints|journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin|publisher=Oxford|volume=31|pages=402–405|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V6N-404RMY0-18&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1026249491&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=637bfa79b5ab2d19394e2b32d38a4ef7|issue=4–12}}</ref> y [[ethanol]].<ref name="Davies">{{cite journal|doi=10.3354/meps158191|last=Davies|first=I. M.|coauthors=''et al''|year=1997|title=Sublethal effects of tributyltin oxide on thedog whelk ''Nucella lapillus''|journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series|volume=158|pages=191–204}}</ref> Tributyltin is an anti-fouling agent for boats which affects females of the species ''[[Nucella lapillus]]'' ([[dog whelk]]), ''[[Voluta ebraea]]'' (the Hebrew volute),<ref name="Castro">{{cite journal|last=Castro|first=Í. B.|coauthors=''et al''.|year=2008|title=Imposex in endemic volutid from Northeast Brazil (Mollusca: Gastropoda)|journal=Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology|location=Brazil|volume=51|issue=5|pages=1065–1069|issn=1516-8913|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/babt/v51n5/a24v51n5.pdf}}</ref> ''[[Olivancillaria vesica]]'',<ref name="Caetano">{{cite journal|last=Caetano|first=C. H. S.|coauthors=Absalão, R. S.|year=2002|title=Imposex in ''Olivancillaria vesica vesica'' (Gmelin) (Gastropoda, Olividae) trom a Southeastern Brazilian sandy beach|journal=Revista Brasileira de Zoologia|publisher=Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia|location=Brazil|volume=19|issue=2|pages=215–218|issn=0101-8175|url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbzool/v19s2/v19supl2a22.pdf|doi=10.1590/S0101-81752002000600022}}</ref> ''[[Stramonita haemastoma]]''<ref name="Fernandez">{{cite journal|last=Fernandez|first=M. A.|coauthors=''et al''|year=2002|title=Occurrence of imposex in ''Thais haemastoma'': possible evidence of environmental contamination derived from organotin compounds in Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza, Brazil|journal=Cadernos de Saúde Pública|publisher=Fundação Oswaldo Cruz|location=Rio de Janeiro, Brazil|volume=18|issue=2|pages=463–476|issn=0102-311X|url=http://www.scielosp.org/pdf/csp/v18n2/8275.pdf|doi=10.1590/S0102-311X2002000200011}}</ref> además de otras 200 especies de gasterópodos.

Revisión del 13:29 3 may 2013

Imposex es un desorden producido en moluscos y que está causado por los efectos tóxicos de ciertos contaminantes marinos. Estos contaminantes afectan a las hembras de moluscos que desarrollan órganos sexuales masculinos (como penes y vasos deferentes).

Sustancias inductoras de Imposex

Tributyltin (TBT) hydride model

Antes se creía que el único inductor del imposex era tributyltin (TBT),[1]​ which can be active in extremely low concentrations, pero estudios recientes muestran que hay otras sustancias inductoras como, triphenyltin[2]​ y ethanol.[3]​ Tributyltin is an anti-fouling agent for boats which affects females of the species Nucella lapillus (dog whelk), Voluta ebraea (the Hebrew volute),[4]Olivancillaria vesica,[5]Stramonita haemastoma[6]​ además de otras 200 especies de gasterópodos.

  1. Ruiz JM, Quintela M, Barreiro R (1998) Tributyltin and imposex. no uncertainty shown. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 170: 293-294
  2. Horiguchi, T.; et al (1995). «Imposex in Japanese gastropods (Neogastropoda and Mesogastropoda): effects of tributyltin and triphenyltin from anti-fouling paints». Marine Pollution Bulletin (Oxford) 31 (4–12): 402-405. doi:10.1016/0025-326X(95)00133-8. 
  3. Davies, I. M.; et al (1997). «Sublethal effects of tributyltin oxide on thedog whelk Nucella lapillus». Marine Ecology Progress Series 158: 191-204. doi:10.3354/meps158191. 
  4. Castro, Í. B.; et al. (2008). «Imposex in endemic volutid from Northeast Brazil (Mollusca: Gastropoda)». Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology (Brazil) 51 (5): 1065-1069. ISSN 1516-8913. 
  5. Caetano, C. H. S.; Absalão, R. S. (2002). «Imposex in Olivancillaria vesica vesica (Gmelin) (Gastropoda, Olividae) trom a Southeastern Brazilian sandy beach». Revista Brasileira de Zoologia (Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Zoologia) 19 (2): 215-218. ISSN 0101-8175. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752002000600022. 
  6. Fernandez, M. A.; et al (2002). «Occurrence of imposex in Thais haemastoma: possible evidence of environmental contamination derived from organotin compounds in Rio de Janeiro and Fortaleza, Brazil». Cadernos de Saúde Pública (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz) 18 (2): 463-476. ISSN 0102-311X. doi:10.1590/S0102-311X2002000200011.