Blackwell Island, now named Roosevelt Island.
At the southern tip of the island: City Hospital (closed 1956, demolished 1994) and the Smallpox Hospital (closed 1950's, now in ruins).

Brooklyn Bridge (constructed 1870-1883).

Fulton Fish Market (Established 1822, relocated to Hunts Point in 2005).

Castle Clinton (built 1808).

Castle Point Park & Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey

Hoboken Terminal(?), Hoboken, New Jersey

Central Park and Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church (below the park on the right).

Trinity Church (constructed 1846).

Equitable Life Building; (constructed between 1868 and 1870, burned down in 1912).

Left: Tompkins Square Park
Top right: German Lutheran Church (Demolished 1975).
Bottom right: St. Brigid's Church.

Produce Exchange Building (Still under construction in 1883, the tower is not yet depicted. It would officially open in 1884. Demolished in 1957.)

Mills Building (bottom; completed 1882, demolished), and Federal Hall (center, very small, hardly visible; completed 1842). The Kuhn-Loeb building at the top. (Demolished).

South Ferry elevated railroad station (opened 1879, closed 1950).

Produce Exchange Building (Untill 1884, when the Produce Exchange moved into a new building at 2 Broadway.)

St. John's Chapel and the freight depot of the West Side Freight Line (both demolished); now St. John's Park.

Right: Grand Central Depot (demolished in 1899 and replaced with Grand Central Station).
Center: St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church (demolished).
Other churches depicted here are probably:
Saint Thomas Church (burnt down 1905, rebuilt) and St. Patrick's Cathedral.

City Hall Post Office and Courthouse (constructed 1869-1880, demolished 1939).

New York City Hall & Tweed Courthouse

New York Tribune Building (constructed between 1873-1875, demolished 1955), first of the newspaper skyscrapers on Park Row.

John Street Methodist Church (built 1841).

New York Cotton Exchange (built 1851-1853, after 1914 known as India House).

New York Custom House, formerly the Merchant's Exchange, now 55 Wall Street (constructed 1836-1841).

Church of the Transfiguration?

Park Row elevated station

7th Street Methodist Church (built 1840, demolished 1976); replaced by St. George's Church of the Ukrainian Catholic Church.

Fifth Avenue Hotel (left, demolished 1908), Madison Square, and Madison Square Presbyterian Church (demolished in 1909 and replaced with the Met Life Insurance Company Tower).

Astor Opera House (demolished 1890), Grace Church & Union Square

Cooper Square & The Cooper Union

St. George's Episcopal Church?

St. James' Church?

Sea and Land Church? (left) and St. Augustine's Church? (right).

Either: Church of the Ascension (built 1840).
Or: First Presbyterian Church (built 1844).

Seamen's Savings Bank?

Holt's Hotel, later known as the United States Hotel. (Demolished 1902(?)).

Harper's Publishing House, on Franklin Square. (Square was demolished in 1950).

The James Watson House (built 1793).

Battery Park

St. Mark's Evangelical Lutheran Church?

St. Mark's Church in-the-Bowery?

Either: Church of Our Lady of Sorrows
Or: St. Mary's Church

Upper New York Bay

Hudson River

East River

Queens

The Bronx

Brooklyn

Hoboken, New Jersey

Grand Central Hotel (built 1870, collapsed 1973).

Washington Square Park on the left; on the right either:
The Main Building of the University of New York (replaced in 1892 by the Silver Center).
Or:
The Old Dutch Reformed Church a.k.a. Dr. Hutton's Church (later the Asbury Methodist Episcopal Church) (Demolished in 1895).

The Western Union Telegraph Building (demolished 1914), with the spire of St. Paul's Chapel in the background.

St. Patrick's Old Cathedral?