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{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}
{{Ficha de noble
{{Infobox disease
| nombre = Mohamed bin Salman
| Name = Coronary artery disease
| título = '''Príncipe Heredero Sustituto de Arabia Saudita'''<br>'''Asistente Segundo Primer Ministro'''<br>'''Ministro de Defensa de Arabia Saudita'''
| Image = Blausen 0257 CoronaryArtery Plaque.png
| imagen = Mohammed Bin Salman al-Saud2.jpg
| Caption = Illustration depicting atherosclerosis in a coronary artery.
| tamaño = 220px
| Field = [[Cardiology]], [[cardiac surgery]]
| epígrafe = Mohamed bin Salman
| styles =
| DiseasesDB =
| ICD10 = {{ICD10|I|20||i|20}}-{{ICD10|I|25||i|20}}
| succession = Ministro de Defensa
| ICD9 = {{ICD9|410}}-{{ICD9|414}}, {{ICD9|429.2}}
| reign = 23 January 2015 –
| ICDO =
| reign-type = In office
|reg-type = Monarquía
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus = 007115
|regent = [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|Salman]]
| eMedicineSubj = radio
| predecessor = [[Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]]
| eMedicineTopic = 192
| succession1 = Presidente de la Corte Real
| MeshID = D003324
| reign1 = 23 January 2015 –
| reign-type1 = In office
|reg-type1 = Monarquía
|regent1 = Salman
| predecessor1 = [[Khaled al-Tuwaijri]]
| succession2 = Head of the Crown Prince Court
| reign2 = 14 January 2013 – 23 January 2015
| reign-type2 = In office
| predecessor2 = [[Saud bin Nayef]]
| successor2 =
|reg-type2 = Monaruía
|regent2 = [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia|Abdullah]]
| predecessor2 = Ali bin Ibrahim Al Hadeethi
| succession3 = Príncipe heredero sustituto de Arabia Saudita
| reign3 = 29 April 2015 –
| reign-type3=In office
| predecessor3= [[Mohamed bin Nayef]]
| successor3=
| reg-type3 = Monarquía
| regent3 = Salman
| spouse = Sara bint Mashoor bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
| full name = Mohamed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
| father = [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|King Salman]]
| mother = Fahda bint Falah bin Sultan Al Hithalayn
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| house = [[Casa de Saud]]
| religion = [[Islam]]
}}
}}
<!-- Definition and symptoms -->
'''Coronary artery disease''' ('''CAD'''), also known as '''ischemic heart disease''' ('''IHD'''),<ref>{{cite book|last=Bhatia|first=Sujata K.|title=Biomaterials for clinical applications|year=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=9781441969200|page=23|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXtaX468LRYC&pg=PA23|edition=Online-Ausg.}}</ref> '''atherosclerotic heart disease''',<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronary heart disease - causes, symptoms, prevention|url=https://www.southerncross.co.nz/AboutTheGroup/HealthResources/MedicalLibrary/tabid/178/vw/1/ItemID/191|work=Southern Cross Healthcare Group|accessdate=15 September 2013}}</ref> '''atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease''',<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Faxon|first1=D. P.|title=Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Conference: Executive Summary: Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Conference Proceeding for Healthcare Professionals From a Special Writing Group of the American Heart Association|journal=Circulation|date=1 June 2004|volume=109|issue=21|pages=2595–2604|doi=10.1161/01.CIR.0000128517.52533.DB}}</ref> and '''coronary heart disease''',<ref>{{cite web|title=Coronary heart disease|url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007115.htm|publisher=NIH|accessdate=15 September 2013}}</ref> is a group of diseases that includes: [[stable angina]], [[unstable angina]], [[myocardial infarction]], and [[sudden coronary death]].<ref name=Wong2014>{{cite journal|last1=Wong|first1=ND|title=Epidemiological studies of CHD and the evolution of preventive cardiology.|journal=Nature reviews. Cardiology|date=May 2014|volume=11|issue=5|pages=276–89|pmid=24663092|doi=10.1038/nrcardio.2014.26}}</ref> It is within the group of [[cardiovascular disease]]s of which it is the most common type.<ref name=GDB2013/> A common symptom is [[chest pain]] or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw.<ref name=HLB2014/> Occasionally it may feel like [[heartburn]]. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and gets better with rest.<ref name=HLB2014/> [[Shortness of breath]] may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present.<ref name=HLB2014>{{cite web|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/signs|website=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/|accessdate=23 February 2015|date=29 September 2014}}</ref> The first sign is occasionally a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]].<ref name=CDC2013/> Other complications include [[heart failure]] or an [[arrhythmia|irregular heartbeat]].<ref name=CDC2013>{{cite web|title=Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)|url=http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/coronary_ad.htm|website=cdc.gov|accessdate=23 February 2015|date=12 March 2013}}</ref>
<!--Cause and diagnosis -->
Risk factors include: [[hypertension|high blood pressure]], [[tobacco smoking|smoking]], [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]], lack of exercise, [[obesity]], [[hypercholesterolaemia|high blood cholesterol]], poor diet, and excessive [[alcohol]], among others.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Mehta|first1=PK|last2=Wei|first2=J|last3=Wenger|first3=NK|title=Ischemic heart disease in women: A focus on risk factors.|journal=Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine|date=16 October 2014|pmid=25453985|doi=10.1016/j.tcm.2014.10.005|volume=25|pages=140–151}}</ref><ref name=WHO2011>{{cite book|last1=Mendis|first1=Shanthi|last2=Puska|first2=Pekka|last3=Norrving|first3=Bo|title=Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control|date=2011|publisher=World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization|location=Geneva|isbn=9789241564373|pages=3–18|edition=1st|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241564373_eng.pdf?ua=1}}</ref> Other risks include [[major depressive disorder|depression]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Charlson|first1=FJ|last2=Moran|first2=AE|last3=Freedman|first3=G|last4=Norman|first4=RE|last5=Stapelberg|first5=NJ|last6=Baxter|first6=AJ|last7=Vos|first7=T|last8=Whiteford|first8=HA|title=The contribution of major depression to the global burden of ischemic heart disease: a comparative risk assessment|journal=BMC medicine|date=26 November 2013|volume=11|page=250|pmid=24274053|doi=10.1186/1741-7015-11-250}}</ref> The underlying mechanism involves [[atherosclerosis]] of the [[Coronary circulation|arteries of the heart]].<ref name=WHO2011/> A number of tests may help with diagnoses including: [[electrocardiogram]], [[cardiac stress test]]ing, [[coronary computed tomographic angiography]], and [[Coronary catheterization|coronary angiogram]], among others.<ref>{{cite web|title=How Is Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosed?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/diagnosis|website=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/|accessdate=25 February 2015|date=29 September 2014}}</ref>


<!-- Prevention and treatment -->
'''Mohamed bin Salman Al Saud''' (محمد بن سلمان بن عبد العزيز آل سعود en [[idioma árabe]]) nacido el 31 de agosto de 1985 en [[Yeda]],<ref>[http://www.saudiembassy.net/print/about/Biographies-of-Ministers.aspx Council of Ministers: Membership]</ref> es el [[príncipe heredero]] sustituto de [[Arabia Saudita]], Asistente Segundo Primer Ministro y el Ministro de Defensa más joven del mundo.<ref>{{cite news|title=Mohammed bin Nayef kingpin in new Saudi Arabia: country experts|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/mohammed-bin-nayef-kingpin-new-saudi-arabia-country-experts-1500997678|accessdate=1 February 2015|work=Middle East Eye|date=1 February 2015}}</ref> También Mohamed es jefe de la Corte Real de la [[Casa de Saud]] y Presidente del Consejo para Asuntos de Economía y Desarrollo.
Prevention is by eating a healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking.<ref name=HLB2013P/> Sometimes medication for diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are also used.<ref name=HLB2013P>{{cite web|title=How Can Coronary Heart Disease Be Prevented or Delayed?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/prevention|website=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov|accessdate=25 February 2015}}</ref> There is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Desai|first1=CS|last2=Blumenthal|first2=RS|last3=Greenland|first3=P|title=Screening low-risk individuals for coronary artery disease.|journal=Current atherosclerosis reports|date=April 2014|volume=16|issue=4|page=402|pmid=24522859|doi=10.1007/s11883-014-0402-8}}</ref> Treatment involves the same measures as prevention.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Boden|first1=WE|last2=Franklin|first2=B|last3=Berra|first3=K|last4=Haskell|first4=WL|last5=Calfas|first5=KJ|last6=Zimmerman|first6=FH|last7=Wenger|first7=NK|title=Exercise as a therapeutic intervention in patients with stable ischemic heart disease: an underfilled prescription.|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|date=October 2014|volume=127|issue=10|pages=905–11|pmid=24844736|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.05.007}}</ref><ref name=HLB2013Tr/> Additional medications such as [[antiplatelet drug|antiplatelets]] including [[aspirin]], [[beta blockers]], or [[glyceryl trinitrate (pharmacology)|nitroglycerin]] may be recommended.<ref name=HLB2013Tr/> Procedures such as [[percutaneous coronary intervention]] (PCI) or [[coronary artery bypass surgery]] (CABG) may be used in severe disease.<ref name=HLB2013Tr>{{cite web|title=How Is Coronary Heart Disease Treated?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/treatment|website=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/|accessdate=25 February 2015|date=29 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Deb|first1=S|last2=Wijeysundera|first2=HC|last3=Ko|first3=DT|last4=Tsubota|first4=H|last5=Hill|first5=S|last6=Fremes|first6=SE|title=Coronary artery bypass graft surgery vs percutaneous interventions in coronary revascularization: a systematic review.|journal=JAMA|date=20 November 2013|volume=310|issue=19|pages=2086–95|pmid=24240936|doi=10.1001/jama.2013.281718}}</ref> In those with stable CAD it is unclear if PCI or CABG in addition to the other treatments improve life expectancy or decreases heart attack risk.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Rezende|first1=PC|last2=Scudeler|first2=TL|last3=da Costa|first3=LM|last4=Hueb|first4=W|title=Conservative strategy for treatment of stable coronary artery disease|journal=World journal of clinical cases|date=16 February 2015|volume=3|issue=2|pages=163–70|pmid=25685763|doi=10.12998/wjcc.v3.i2.163}}</ref>


<!--Epidemiology -->
==Nombramientos y príncipe heredero==
In 2013 CAD was the [[most common causes of death|most common cause of death]] globally, resulting in 8.14 million deaths (16.8%) up from 5.74 million deaths (12%) in 1990.<ref name=GDB2013>{{cite journal|last1=GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death|first1=Collaborators|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.|journal=Lancet|date=17 December 2014|pmid=25530442|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|volume=385|pages=117–171|pmc=4340604}}</ref> The risk of death from CAD for a given age has decreased between 1980 and 2010 especially in the [[developed world]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Moran|first1=AE|last2=Forouzanfar|first2=MH|last3=Roth|first3=GA|last4=Mensah|first4=GA|last5=Ezzati|first5=M|last6=Murray|first6=CJ|last7=Naghavi|first7=M|title=Temporal trends in ischemic heart disease mortality in 21 world regions, 1980 to 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study|journal=Circulation|date=8 April 2014|volume=129|issue=14|pages=1483–92|pmid=24573352|doi=10.1161/circulationaha.113.004042}}</ref> The number of cases of CAD for a given age has also decreased between 1990 and 2010.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Moran|first1=AE|last2=Forouzanfar|first2=MH|last3=Roth|first3=GA|last4=Mensah|first4=GA|last5=Ezzati|first5=M|last6=Flaxman|first6=A|last7=Murray|first7=CJ|last8=Naghavi|first8=M|title=The global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study|journal=Circulation|date=8 April 2014|volume=129|issue=14|pages=1493–501|pmid=24573351|doi=10.1161/circulationaha.113.004046}}</ref> In the United States in 2010 about 20% of those over 65 had CAD, while it was present in 7% of those 45 to 64, and 1.3% of those 18 to 45.<ref name=US2011/> Rates are higher among men than women of a given age.<ref name=US2011>{{cite journal|last1=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|first1=(CDC)|title=Prevalence of coronary heart disease--United States, 2006-2010.|journal=MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report|date=14 October 2011|volume=60|issue=40|pages=1377–81|pmid=21993341}}</ref>
[[File:Secretary Kerry Meets With Newly Appointed Saudi Defense Minister Prince Mohammed in Riyadh (17215778540).jpg|thumb|Príncipe Mohamed con Secretario de Estado de los [[Estados Unidos]], [[John Kerry]], 7 de mayo de 2015]]
[[File:Mohammed Bin Salman al-Saud.jpg|thumb|199px|Prince Mohamed]]
El 23 de enero de 2015 murió rey [[Abdalá bin Abdelaziz]] y [[Salmán bin Abdulaziz]] se convirtió en el actual rey, nombrando al mismo tiempo a Príncipe Mohamed como Ministro de Defensa.<ref name=alar23>{{cite news|title=Saudi King Abdullah passes away|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/01/23/Saudi-King-Abdullah-passes-away.html|accessdate=23 January 2015|work=Al Arabiya|date=23 January 2015}}</ref> También se lo nombró Secretario General de la Corte Real de la [[Casa de Saud]] en la misma fecha.<ref>{{cite news|title=Saudi Prince Mohamed bin Salman named defense minister|url=http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/01/23/Saudi-Prince-Mohamed-bin-Salman-appointed-defense-minister-head-of-Royal-Court.html|accessdate=23 January 2015|work=Al Arabiya|date=23 January 2015}}</ref> También se quedó como Ministerio del Estado.<ref name=alar27>[http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/profiles/2015/01/27/Profile-Prince-Mohammed-bin-Salman-bin-Abdulaziz-Al-Saud.html Profile: Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud] ''Al Arabiya''. 27 January 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2015</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Anthony H. Cordesman|title=Saudi Succession: The King Is Dead, Long Live the King|url=http://www.newsweek.com/saudis-smooth-succession-king-dead-long-live-king-301639|accessdate=26 January 2015|work=Newsweek|date=24 January 2015}}</ref>


==References==
El 29 de enero de 2015 se le nombró a Príncipe Mohamed como Presidente del nuevamente establecido Consejo para Asuntos de Economía y Desarrollo,<ref name=kerr>{{cite news|author=Simeon Kerr|title=Saudi king stamps his authority with staff shake-up and handouts|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/8045e3e0-a850-11e4-bd17-00144feab7de.html#axzz3QVaF4Ex4|accessdate=1 February 2015|work=Financial Times|date=30 January 2015|location=Riyadh}}</ref> lo cual reemplazó el ya disuelto Consejo Supremo Económico.<ref name=kerr/>
{{Reflist|32em}}


==External links==
El primer evento grave ue ha enfrentado como Ministerio de Defensa fue la ''Operación Decisive Storm'', parte de la [[intervención militar en Yemen de 2015]], la cual estuvo en contra de rebeldes Houthi, en Yemen, país que está sufriendo la [[guerra civil de Yemen de 2015]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/03/saudi-ambassador-announces-military-operation-yemen-150325234138956.html|work=Al Jazeera|title=Saudi and Arab allies bomb Houthi positions in Yemen|date=26 March 2015|accessdate=25 March 2015}}</ref>
* [http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/HeartAttack/HeartAttackToolsResources/Heart-Attack-Risk-Assessment_UCM_303944_Article.jsp Risk Assessment of having a heart attack or dying of coronary artery disease], from the American Heart Association.

* [http://www.rkliedtke.de/Coronary_Artery_Disease_us.html A Mechanism of a Metabolic Induction of Coronary Artery Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease], Rainer K. Liedtke, MD
En abril de 2015 Rey Salman nombró uno de sus sobrinos, [[Mohamed bin Naif bin Abdulaziz Al Saud]], como Príncipe Heredero y al mismo tiempo nombró su hijo Mohamed bin Salman como Príncipe Heredero sustituto.

==Referencias==
<references/>

Revisión del 00:15 22 dic 2015

Plantilla:Use dmy dates

RichardWeiss/Taller
eMedicine radio/192

Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD),[1]​ atherosclerotic heart disease,[2]​ atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,[3]​ and coronary heart disease,[4]​ is a group of diseases that includes: stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden coronary death.[5]​ It is within the group of cardiovascular diseases of which it is the most common type.[6]​ A common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw.[7]​ Occasionally it may feel like heartburn. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and gets better with rest.[7]​ Shortness of breath may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present.[7]​ The first sign is occasionally a heart attack.[8]​ Other complications include heart failure or an irregular heartbeat.[8]​

Risk factors include: high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol, among others.[9]​[10]​ Other risks include depression.[11]​ The underlying mechanism involves atherosclerosis of the arteries of the heart.[10]​ A number of tests may help with diagnoses including: electrocardiogram, cardiac stress testing, coronary computed tomographic angiography, and coronary angiogram, among others.[12]​

Prevention is by eating a healthy diet, regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight and not smoking.[13]​ Sometimes medication for diabetes, high cholesterol, or high blood pressure are also used.[13]​ There is limited evidence for screening people who are at low risk and do not have symptoms.[14]​ Treatment involves the same measures as prevention.[15]​[16]​ Additional medications such as antiplatelets including aspirin, beta blockers, or nitroglycerin may be recommended.[16]​ Procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) may be used in severe disease.[16]​[17]​ In those with stable CAD it is unclear if PCI or CABG in addition to the other treatments improve life expectancy or decreases heart attack risk.[18]​

In 2013 CAD was the most common cause of death globally, resulting in 8.14 million deaths (16.8%) up from 5.74 million deaths (12%) in 1990.[6]​ The risk of death from CAD for a given age has decreased between 1980 and 2010 especially in the developed world.[19]​ The number of cases of CAD for a given age has also decreased between 1990 and 2010.[20]​ In the United States in 2010 about 20% of those over 65 had CAD, while it was present in 7% of those 45 to 64, and 1.3% of those 18 to 45.[21]​ Rates are higher among men than women of a given age.[21]​

References

  1. ↑ Bhatia, Sujata K. (2010). Biomaterials for clinical applications (Online-Ausg. edición). New York: Springer. p. 23. ISBN 9781441969200. 
  2. ↑ «Coronary heart disease - causes, symptoms, prevention». Southern Cross Healthcare Group. Consultado el 15 September 2013. 
  3. ↑ Faxon, D. P. (1 June 2004). «Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Conference: Executive Summary: Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Conference Proceeding for Healthcare Professionals From a Special Writing Group of the American Heart Association». Circulation 109 (21): 2595-2604. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000128517.52533.DB. 
  4. ↑ «Coronary heart disease». NIH. Consultado el 15 September 2013. 
  5. ↑ Wong, ND (May 2014). «Epidemiological studies of CHD and the evolution of preventive cardiology.». Nature reviews. Cardiology 11 (5): 276-89. PMID 24663092. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.26. 
  6. ↑ a b GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators (17 December 2014). «Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.». Lancet 385: 117-171. PMC 4340604. PMID 25530442. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. 
  7. ↑ a b c «What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Coronary Heart Disease?». http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/. 29 September 2014. Consultado el 23 February 2015. 
  8. ↑ a b «Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)». cdc.gov. 12 March 2013. Consultado el 23 February 2015. 
  9. ↑ Mehta, PK; Wei, J; Wenger, NK (16 October 2014). «Ischemic heart disease in women: A focus on risk factors.». Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine 25: 140-151. PMID 25453985. doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2014.10.005. 
  10. ↑ a b Mendis, Shanthi; Puska, Pekka; Norrving, Bo (2011). Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control (1st edición). Geneva: World Health Organization in collaboration with the World Heart Federation and the World Stroke Organization. pp. 3-18. ISBN 9789241564373. 
  11. ↑ Charlson, FJ; Moran, AE; Freedman, G; Norman, RE; Stapelberg, NJ; Baxter, AJ; Vos, T; Whiteford, HA (26 November 2013). «The contribution of major depression to the global burden of ischemic heart disease: a comparative risk assessment». BMC medicine 11: 250. PMID 24274053. doi:10.1186/1741-7015-11-250. 
  12. ↑ «How Is Coronary Heart Disease Diagnosed?». http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/. 29 September 2014. Consultado el 25 February 2015. 
  13. ↑ a b «How Can Coronary Heart Disease Be Prevented or Delayed?». http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Consultado el 25 February 2015. 
  14. ↑ Desai, CS; Blumenthal, RS; Greenland, P (April 2014). «Screening low-risk individuals for coronary artery disease.». Current atherosclerosis reports 16 (4): 402. PMID 24522859. doi:10.1007/s11883-014-0402-8. 
  15. ↑ Boden, WE; Franklin, B; Berra, K; Haskell, WL; Calfas, KJ; Zimmerman, FH; Wenger, NK (October 2014). «Exercise as a therapeutic intervention in patients with stable ischemic heart disease: an underfilled prescription.». The American Journal of Medicine 127 (10): 905-11. PMID 24844736. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.05.007. 
  16. ↑ a b c «How Is Coronary Heart Disease Treated?». http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/. 29 September 2014. Consultado el 25 February 2015. 
  17. ↑ Deb, S; Wijeysundera, HC; Ko, DT; Tsubota, H; Hill, S; Fremes, SE (20 November 2013). «Coronary artery bypass graft surgery vs percutaneous interventions in coronary revascularization: a systematic review.». JAMA 310 (19): 2086-95. PMID 24240936. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.281718. 
  18. ↑ Rezende, PC; Scudeler, TL; da Costa, LM; Hueb, W (16 February 2015). «Conservative strategy for treatment of stable coronary artery disease». World journal of clinical cases 3 (2): 163-70. PMID 25685763. doi:10.12998/wjcc.v3.i2.163. 
  19. ↑ Moran, AE; Forouzanfar, MH; Roth, GA; Mensah, GA; Ezzati, M; Murray, CJ; Naghavi, M (8 April 2014). «Temporal trends in ischemic heart disease mortality in 21 world regions, 1980 to 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study». Circulation 129 (14): 1483-92. PMID 24573352. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.004042. 
  20. ↑ Moran, AE; Forouzanfar, MH; Roth, GA; Mensah, GA; Ezzati, M; Flaxman, A; Murray, CJ; Naghavi, M (8 April 2014). «The global burden of ischemic heart disease in 1990 and 2010: the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study». Circulation 129 (14): 1493-501. PMID 24573351. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.113.004046. 
  21. ↑ a b Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, (CDC) (14 October 2011). «Prevalence of coronary heart disease--United States, 2006-2010.». MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report 60 (40): 1377-81. PMID 21993341. 
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