Diferencia entre revisiones de «Galectina»

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Las '''galectinas''' son un grupo de [[proteínas]] que pertenecen a la familia de las [[lectina]]s y juegan un importante papel en diferentes procesos relacionados con la [[respuesta inmunitaria]]. <ref>[http://www.medicinabuenosaires.com/revistas/vol61-01/1/v61_1_p85_92.pdfGabriel Adrián Rabinovich, Natalia Rubinsteinː ''Galectinas: Una nueva familia de proteínas involucradas en la regulación de la respuesta inmune, implicancias en procesos inmunopatológicos''.] MEDICINA (Buenos Aires) 2001; 61: 85-92. ISSN 0025-7680</ref>
Las '''galectinas''' son un grupo de [[proteínas]] que pertenecen a la familia de las [[lectina]]s y juegan un importante papel en diferentes procesos relacionados con la [[respuesta inmunitaria]]. <ref>[http://www.medicinabuenosaires.com/revistas/vol61-01/1/v61_1_p85_92.pdfGabriel Adrián Rabinovich, Natalia Rubinsteinː ''Galectinas: Una nueva familia de proteínas involucradas en la regulación de la respuesta inmune, implicancias en procesos inmunopatológicos''.] MEDICINA (Buenos Aires) 2001; 61: 85-92. ISSN 0025-7680</ref>

== Tipos ==
== Galectinas humanas==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Galectinas humanas !! Localización !! Función !! Implicación en enfermedad
|-
| Galectina-1 || Secreted by immune cells such as by T helper cells in the thymus or by stromal cells surrounding [[B cells]] <ref name="expert review">{{Cite journal | author=Yang, R, Rabinovich, G. and Liu, F. | title=Galectins: Structure, function and therapeutic potential | journal=[[Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine]] | volume=10 | year=2008 | pages=1–24 | doi=10.1017/S1462399408000719 | pmid=18549522}}
</ref>

Se encuentra también en músculo, [[neurona]]s y riñón.<ref name="Barondes et al" />

|| Negatively regulate B cell receptor activation
Activate apoptosis in T cells<ref name="apoptosis" />

Suppression of Th1 and Th17 immune responses<ref name="expert review" />

Contributes to nuclear splicing of pre-mRNA<ref name="Liu review">{{Cite journal | author=Liu, F., Patterson, R.J. and Wang, J.L. | title=Intracellular functions of galectins | journal=[[Biochimica et Biophysica Acta]] | volume=1572 | year=2002 | pages=263–273 | pmid=12223274 | doi=10.1016/S0304-4165(02)00313-6}}
</ref>

|| Can enhance HIV infection
Found upregulated in tumour cells
|-
| Galectina-2 || [[Tracto gastrointestinal]] <ref name="Sturm et al.">{{Cite journal | author=Sturm, A., Lensch, M., André, S., Kaltner, H., Wiedenmann, B., Rosewicz, S., Dignass, A.U., Gabius, H.J. | title= Human galectin-2: novel inducer of T cell apoptosis with distinct profile of caspase activation | journal=[[The Journal of Immunology]] | volume=173 | year=2004 | pages=3825–37 | pmid=15356130 | issue=6 | doi=10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.3825}}
</ref> || Binds selectively to β-galactosides of T cells to induce apoptosis<ref name="Sturm et al." /> || None found
|-
| Galectina-3 || Amplia distribución || Can be pro- or anti-apoptotic (cell dependent)
Regulation of some genes including [[c-Jun N-terminal kinases|JNK1]] <ref name="expert review" />

Contributes to nuclear splicing of pre-mRNA.

Crosslinking and adhesive properties
|| Upregulation occurs in some cancers, including breast cancer, gives increased metastatic potential
|-
| Galectina-4 || Intestino y estómago || Binds with high affinity to [[lipid rafts]] suggesting a role in protein delivery to cells<ref name="expert review" /> || [[Inflammatory bowel disease]] (IBD)<ref name="expert review" />
|-
| Galectina-7 || [[Stratified squamous epithelium]]<ref name="expert review" /> || Differentiation of keratinocytes
May have a role in apoptosis and cellular repair mediated by p53<ref name="expert review" />
|| Implicada en cáncer
|-
| Galectina-8 || Amplia distribución|| Binds to integrins of the extracellular matrix<ref name="Cummings book" />
|| Downregulation in some cancers
|-
| Galectina-9 || Riñón
Timo<ref name="apoptosis" />

[[Líquido sinovial]]
|| Functions as a urate transporter in the kidney <ref name="Graessler et al.">{{Cite journal | author=Graessler, J., Spitzenberger, F., Graessler, A., Parpart, B., Kuhlisch, E., Kopprasch, S., Schroeder, H.E. | title=Genomic structure of galectin-9 gene. Mutation analysis of a putative human urate channel/transporter | journal=[[Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology]] | volume=486 | year=2000 | pages=179–183 | doi=10.1007/0-306-46843-3_37 | pmid=11783481}}
</ref>
Induces apoptosis of thymocytes and Th1 cells.

Enhances maturation of dendritic cells to secrete inflammatory cytokines
|| [[Artritis reumatoide]]
|-
| Galectina-10 || Se expresa en [[eosinofilos]] y [[basofilos]]
|| Essential role in immune system by suppression of T cell proliferation || None found
|-
| Galectina-12 || Tejido adiposo || Stimulates apoptosis of adipocytes
Involved in adipocyte differentiation<ref name="expert review" />

|| No
|-
| Galectina-13 || Placenta || Has lysophospholipase activity<ref name="Gal-13">{{Cite journal | author=Than, N.G., Pick, E., Bellyei, S., Szigeti, A., Burger, O., Berente, Z., Janaky, T., Boronkai, A., Kliman, H., Meiri, H., Bohn, H., Sumegi, B.| title=Functional analyses of placental protein 13/galectin-13 | journal=[[European Journal of Biochemistry]] | volume=271 | year=2004 | pages=1065–78 | pmid=15009185 | issue=6 | doi=10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04004.x}}
</ref> || No
|-
|}


== Referencias ==
== Referencias ==

Revisión del 22:13 13 oct 2015

Las galectinas son un grupo de proteínas que pertenecen a la familia de las lectinas y juegan un importante papel en diferentes procesos relacionados con la respuesta inmunitaria. [1]

Tipos

Galectinas humanas

Galectinas humanas Localización Función Implicación en enfermedad
Galectina-1 Secreted by immune cells such as by T helper cells in the thymus or by stromal cells surrounding B cells [2]

Se encuentra también en músculo, neuronas y riñón.[3]

Negatively regulate B cell receptor activation

Activate apoptosis in T cells[4]

Suppression of Th1 and Th17 immune responses[2]

Contributes to nuclear splicing of pre-mRNA[5]

Can enhance HIV infection

Found upregulated in tumour cells

Galectina-2 Tracto gastrointestinal [6] Binds selectively to β-galactosides of T cells to induce apoptosis[6] None found
Galectina-3 Amplia distribución Can be pro- or anti-apoptotic (cell dependent)

Regulation of some genes including JNK1 [2]

Contributes to nuclear splicing of pre-mRNA.

Crosslinking and adhesive properties

Upregulation occurs in some cancers, including breast cancer, gives increased metastatic potential
Galectina-4 Intestino y estómago Binds with high affinity to lipid rafts suggesting a role in protein delivery to cells[2] Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)[2]
Galectina-7 Stratified squamous epithelium[2] Differentiation of keratinocytes

May have a role in apoptosis and cellular repair mediated by p53[2]

Implicada en cáncer
Galectina-8 Amplia distribución Binds to integrins of the extracellular matrix[7] Downregulation in some cancers
Galectina-9 Riñón

Timo[4]

Líquido sinovial

Functions as a urate transporter in the kidney [8]

Induces apoptosis of thymocytes and Th1 cells.

Enhances maturation of dendritic cells to secrete inflammatory cytokines

Artritis reumatoide
Galectina-10 Se expresa en eosinofilos y basofilos Essential role in immune system by suppression of T cell proliferation None found
Galectina-12 Tejido adiposo Stimulates apoptosis of adipocytes

Involved in adipocyte differentiation[2]

No
Galectina-13 Placenta Has lysophospholipase activity[9] No

Referencias

  1. Adrián Rabinovich, Natalia Rubinsteinː Galectinas: Una nueva familia de proteínas involucradas en la regulación de la respuesta inmune, implicancias en procesos inmunopatológicos. MEDICINA (Buenos Aires) 2001; 61: 85-92. ISSN 0025-7680
  2. a b c d e f g h Yang, R, Rabinovich, G. and Liu, F. (2008). «Galectins: Structure, function and therapeutic potential». Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 10: 1-24. PMID 18549522. doi:10.1017/S1462399408000719. 
  3. Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; no se ha definido el contenido de las referencias llamadas Barondes et al
  4. a b Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; no se ha definido el contenido de las referencias llamadas apoptosis
  5. Liu, F., Patterson, R.J. and Wang, J.L. (2002). «Intracellular functions of galectins». Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1572: 263-273. PMID 12223274. doi:10.1016/S0304-4165(02)00313-6. 
  6. a b Sturm, A., Lensch, M., André, S., Kaltner, H., Wiedenmann, B., Rosewicz, S., Dignass, A.U., Gabius, H.J. (2004). «Human galectin-2: novel inducer of T cell apoptosis with distinct profile of caspase activation». The Journal of Immunology 173 (6): 3825-37. PMID 15356130. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.173.6.3825. 
  7. Error en la cita: Etiqueta <ref> no válida; no se ha definido el contenido de las referencias llamadas Cummings book
  8. Graessler, J., Spitzenberger, F., Graessler, A., Parpart, B., Kuhlisch, E., Kopprasch, S., Schroeder, H.E. (2000). «Genomic structure of galectin-9 gene. Mutation analysis of a putative human urate channel/transporter». Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 486: 179-183. PMID 11783481. doi:10.1007/0-306-46843-3_37. 
  9. Than, N.G., Pick, E., Bellyei, S., Szigeti, A., Burger, O., Berente, Z., Janaky, T., Boronkai, A., Kliman, H., Meiri, H., Bohn, H., Sumegi, B. (2004). «Functional analyses of placental protein 13/galectin-13». European Journal of Biochemistry 271 (6): 1065-78. PMID 15009185. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04004.x.